Читать книгу Food Chemistry - Группа авторов - Страница 73

Coloring agents are added into the food to make it attractive and to influence the flavor. The other reasons for the addition of food color are as follows:

 a. Color may be lost during processing and storage, so to compensate it, food color is used.

 b. Food material containing natural color may show variation of color food color is added to correct that variation.

 c. Food color is added to improve the color imparted by the natural color.

 d. Food color is used for the food items having no color.

As per FDA regulation, the colors added may be with or without certification. The certified colors are man-made color. They are more effective than the natural color. They do not introduce any off flavor in the food. The natural colors are exempted from certification but they are more expensive and can produce off flavor. Color additives used may be of three types.

 a. Pure pigment or straight color.

 b. Colors obtained by mixing the straight colors with other substances.

 c. Mixtures produced by mixing two or more pure colors.

Natural food color includes annatto, betanin, saffron, lycopene, and anthocyanin. The certified food color includes Erythrosine, Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow, and Brillant Blue [14]. Natural color additives have some health benefits. For example, curcumin has antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Riboflavin has antioxidant activity.

The natural and synthetic food colors permitted by FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India), 2011, are mentioned in Tables 2.2 and 2.3.

Table 2.2 List of natural food colors permitted by FSSAI.

Name of the color	Type	Color
Carotene and carotenoid	Natural	Orange
Chlorophyl	Green
Riboflavin	Yellow-orange
Caramel	Dark brown
Annatto	Orange-red
Saffron	Yellow or orange
Curcumin or turmeric	Yellow

Table 2.3 List of synthetic food colors permitted by FSSAI.

Name of the color	Color	Type of the color	ADI (mg/kg of body weight)
Ponceau 4R	Red	Synthetic	4.0
Carmoisine	Red	4.0
Erythrosine	Red	0.1
Tartrazine	Yellow	7.5
Sunset Yellow FCF	Yellow	2.5
Indigo Carmine	Blue	5.0
Brilliant Blue FCF	Blue	12.5
Fast Green FCF	Green	25.0

As per FSSAI, 2011, the non-permitted synthetic food color includes Rhodamine, Amaranth, Metanil Yellow, Malachite Green, Acid Magenta, Orange G, and Butter Yellow.