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Non-nutritive sweeteners have very little or no nutritional value. They are either natural or synthesized compounds. Other than providing sweet taste, they can act as humectant, can give the mouth feel in soft drinks, and can reduce the freezing point of ice cream. Artificial sweetener can limit the calorie intake and prevent dental cavities.

Merits of non-nutritive sweetener are follows:

 • Can contribute pleasurable sweet sensations without increasing energy intake.

 • Do not increase the incidence of dental caries and may even prevent cavities.

 • Do not affect blood sugars.

 • Decrease calorie content of food.

 • Can be used in non-food items to make them taste more pleasurable.

 • Only require small amount to sweeten foods and beverages.

 • May aid in weight control.

Natural non-nutritive sweeteners are present in nature. Some of the examples of natural non-nutritive sweeteners are listed in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4 List of natural non-nutritive sweeteners.

Sweetener	Source	Chemical nature	Potency	FDA approval
Brazzein, Pentadin	West African Fruit Oubli	Protein	500–2,000	Not Approved
Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone	A derivative of the bitter constituent of grapefruit	Glycoside	300–1,800	Not Approved
Glycyrrhizin	Root of Liquorice	Glycoside	30–50	Not Approved
Thaumatin	Katemfe fruit	Protein	2,000	Not Approved
Stevia	Leaves of Stevia rebaudiana	Glycoside	300	Approved
Curculin	Malaysian fruit Curculigo latifolia	Protein	430–2,070	Not Approved
Inulin	Various Plants	Polysaccharide	10% of Sucrose	Not Approved
Mabinlin	Seed of a Chinese plant Mabinlang	Protein	100–400	Not Approved
Miraculin	Fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum	Glycoprotein	modifies taste receptors	Not Approved
Monatin	Plant Sclerochiton ilicifolius	Indole derivative	3,000	Not Approved
Monellin	Fruit of West african shrub Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii	Protein	800–2,000	Not Approved
Osladin	Rhizome of Polypodium vulgare	Saponin	500	Not Approved
Luo han guo	Fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii	Glycosides	300	Approved