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At this layer, a very large number of smart sensors are involved, which are gathering tons of health-related data in near real-time. Any patient or healthcare specialist can access these data using any web-enabled device like phone, tablet, or computers. What they require is a secure and stable communication protocol to next layer in this case (fog layer). There is various communication are available for the wireless sensor nodes for communication within each other or propagating information to next layer. But selection of best protocol from the pool of various protocols is a tedious task. There are some protocols which are widely adopted for some general data transfer tasks are Low-Energy Bluetooth and High-Fidelity Wi-Fi.

Figure 2.2 Three-layer architecture.

Low-Energy Bluetooth is good for beacon type signal and where power constrains matter too much or battery is irreplaceable (like in heart pacemaker). On the other hand, Wi-Fi is used where long-range and high-data rate required (like transferring raw ECG data).