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Electrochemotherapy (ECT) involves the systemic or local delivery of lipophobic drugs (chemotherapeutics including Cisplatin and Bleomycin) in combination with permeabilizing electric pulses which promotes the uptake of these drugs by cancer cells (Spugnini et al. 2016). Normally, these drugs use protein receptors to enter the cell membrane thus uptake is generally low under normal conditions (Spugnini et al. 2017). The permeabilizing electric pulses enhance the uptake of these drugs by an estimated factor of 700‐fold for bleomycin and 4–8 times for cisplatin (Spugnini and Baldi 2019). When the cancer cell is exposed to the permeabilizing pulses, it will either return to its previous state or reverse the ion fluxes and thereby activating a caspase‐induced apoptosis. Once returning to its steady state with said drug present internally, cell death is instituted by each drug’s respective mechanism of action.

Heavy sedation or anesthesia (if intraoperative) is required for ECT and protocols have been established. Many resources are available and depending upon geography courses may be available to aid in training. When used in the post‐operative setting, the number of ECT sessions is generally two treatments at q 2‐week intervals (Spugnini et al. 2016; Spugnini and Baldi 2019). In the gross disease setting, ECT is continued until either complete response is obtained or tumor progression (Spugnini and Baldi 2019). Published data exists for canine soft tissue sarcoma, canine perineal and anal sac tumors, canine melanoma, canine mast cell tumor, feline soft tissue sarcoma, and feline head and neck carcinomas among others (Spugnini and Baldi 2019).