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A Relational Attunement Approach

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Brainspotting psychotherapy and other somatic experiencing therapies (e.g., eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, somatic experiencing) are examples of approaches that are not inherently associated with social justice and multicultural orientation. However, they are more culturally responsive because they emphasize relational attunement, recognition, and affirmation of somatically held trauma and rely on phenomenological perspectives that focus on observation (Grand, 2013). This approach demands that counselors bring awareness to the interplay of power, privilege, and oppression that are present within the counseling relationship (Brinkman & Donohue, 2020). Approaches to therapy that embrace the unknown and uncertainty can create more room for cultural humility and strength of the therapeutic relationship (Grand, 2013). Brainspotting psychotherapy relies on the uncertainty principle, whereby the counselor is attuned to the client’s own unique process (Grand, 2013). As such, a dual attunement frame is another essential part of therapy that incorporates counseling skills of immediacy and empathy and relies on interdependence in the counselor-client relationship throughout the session (Corrigan & Grand, 2013; Grand, 2013).

Counseling and Psychotherapy

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