Читать книгу Counseling and Psychotherapy - Группа авторов - Страница 81

In 1976, Jean Miller published Toward a New Psychology of Women, which challenged the dominant theories of human growth and development. Many traditional developmental theorists conceptualized growth from a dominant White masculine perspective that honored individuation, separation, and self-sufficiency as hallmarks of psychological health (Jordan, 2018; Miller, 1976, 1986). In the second edi tion of Toward a New Psychology of Women (1986), Miller contended that these White male–oriented models of development rested on the illusory foundation that separation from others and growth toward independence chart the optimal human developmental trajectory. As a result, the experiences and development of people from socially subordinate roles become marginalized, ignored, or psychopathologized (Miller, 1976, 1986). The power that dominant groups hold to shape academic, clinical, and social narratives profoundly affects how people in subordinate positions see their true experiences as mattering and valued. These experiences create what RCT scholars call relational images (Miller & Stiver, 1995; see Sidebar 2.2).