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In this section, we discuss the architecture of WBAN, which is divided into the three-stage process to depict the working mechanism of WBAN as shown in Figure 1.6 [25].

Stage 1: Intra sensor communication

The communication among the sensors around the human body is considered in this stage. A personal server acts as a gateway, which is used by communication signals within the human body. Gateway transfers the data to the next stage of architecture.

Stage 2: Medium

This stage enables the data transfer between the personal server and user through an access point, which is considered as a central unit of the network, which can make decisions in case of emergencies.

Figure 1.6 Architecture of WBAN communication.

Stage 3: Beyond WBAN

Smartphones are used to interlink between the access point and medical server, in which patient historical data could be stored. The medical environment database is a very sensitive part of stage 3. Security against this stage is fulfilled to protect the personal history of the patients.