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Medical sensors are used to monitor a patient’s body continually and collect information so they should be active all the time; hence energy consumption is high. In body communication, sensors are implanted in vital areas of the body, so if the batteries are consumed fully, the patient has to undergo body surgery to replace a new one. Since the collection of data requires more energy than sending data through wireless time out Mac protocol, which is used in WBAN. Transmission of data is affected by jamming, bit error rate, and link quality. This can be minimized by using Cooperate Network Coding (CNC) since it does not require any retransmission when there is any failure in any of the nodes.

Table 1.4 Role of AI in wireless body area networks.

Source	Subject matter	Applications	Role of WBAN
[21]	Impact of MEMS in WBAN	Personal health monitoring	Wearable WBAN ◦ Assessing soldier fatigue and battle readiness ◦ Aiding professional and amateur sport training Implant WBANCardiovascular diseases ◦ Cancer detection
[22–24]	Wireless Healthcare	Health monitoring devicesWearable devices (computer)	Collects multi-physiological information for diagnosing, monitoring the health
[25]	Privacy and security in remote health monitoring	TinySecBiometricsBluetooth and Zigbee security servicesWireless security protocols	Link layer encryption and authentication of data in biomedical sensor networksEmploys self-body as a way to manage cryptographic keys for sensorsLogical Link Control and Adaptation (L2CAP) provide improved QoS.

The major challenge is the security and privacy of the patient’s medical information. Data confidentiality should be maintained to avoid unauthorized access. So, to make sure that the data is sent by appropriate user authentication is necessary. It is also essential to see that received data is not manipulated so that data must be protected for proper medical diagnosis.

The applications and impact of WBAN in healthcare are summarized in Table 1.4.