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The tools of multivariate statistics applied here show the need for procedures that preserve the richness and heterogeneity of every individual instance. The simplest value to be calculated, the arithmetic mean colour of every pixel is not of any use and strips off all characteristics of every sample. Local variations in brightness are mutually levelled and what remains is an almost homogeneous monochromatic surface (Fig. 11). With the levels adjusted, the image reveals at least some remaining texture reminding of a kind of but no particular wood (Fig. 12).