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2.2.1 Microbial Population in the Rhizosphere
ОглавлениеThe most enriched microbiota in the rhizosphere are bacteria, which influence the plant rhizosphere significantly. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided insight into microbial diversity and composition. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 16s rRNA sequencing of fungi and bacteria, respectively [9,10] and shotgun metagenomic sequencing [11] have unravelled root-associated microbiome. The relative abundance of taxonomic marker genes has provided more information on phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, which were augmented in the rhizosphere [12]. Predominant genera in the rhizosphere are Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Rhizobia, Azotobacter, Mycobacterium, Flavobacter, Cellulomonas, Agrobacterium, and Micrococcus [13]. So far, various gram-positive and aerobic spore-forming bacteria are inferior because of the low availability of oxygen [14]. For fungal communities, phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota followed by Zygomycota, Glomeromycota dominate in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant-friendly microorganisms comprise nitrogen-fixing bacteria viz., Azotobacter, cyanobacteria, clostridium, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, fungi, and endo ectomycorrhizal fungi [13].