Читать книгу Industry 4.0 Vision for the Supply of Energy and Materials - Группа авторов - Страница 73

Industrial 5G is not still fully widespread and available; however, various operators and companies propose solutions for future smart manufacturing based on 5G. For instance, an industrial 5G router is proposed in [216] that could provide private stand-alone 5G network in an industrial environment. A 5G starter kit is also developed in [217] as a future-proof wireless and cellular networking solutions for industrial communication and IIoT that could be deployed within sites and buildings and between factories. Various frameworks offer 5G connectivity fully aligned with the vision of Industry 4.0 and offer advanced discrete automation, flexible control over smart robot motion, and AR lenses for remote monitoring in future mining and ports [218, 219].

5 Gang is another novel networking architecture for future industrial communication that leverages SDN, Edge, and slicing technologies to combine 5G, wireless communication standards, and wired technologies in production facilities [220]. It retrofits conventional machines and advanced equipment to the network via minimal human intervention and efficiently adapts their configuration to the system requirements. Based on the capacity and needs of a smart factory, 5 Gang could work on both private and public cellular networks, and its architecture could be deployed on existing 5G architectures.

Apart from the distinguishing features of 5G and the rapid deployment of Industry 4.0, the connection density and throughput of 5G is expected to fall short of the stringent requirements of the upcoming Industry X.0. Furthermore, an increasing number of smart devices and applications in industrial environments require better power efficiency in the next generation of cellular networks. To address these challenges and to fill capability gaps of 5G, a 6G mobile network is proposed to support future cellular networks by the year 2030. To highlight the vision of connectivity with 6G, Table 1.3 compares the main parameters of 5G and 6G mobile networks. Since the standard performance metrics of 6G have not yet been identified by standardization bodies, we have shown only some provisional values [221, 222]. It should be noted that 5G assists in the deployment of Industry 4.0, but 6G will foster the potential use cases of smart industry and will exploit advanced technologies to resolve 5G limitations in the future.

Table 1.3 Comparison of 5G and 6G Cellular Networks [221, 222].

Key Performance Indicators (KPI)	5G	6G
Peak data rate	20 Gbps	≥ 1 Tbps
Peak spectral efficiency	30 b/s/Hz	60 b/s/Hz
Area traffic capacity	10 Mb/s/m2	1 Gb/s/m2
Connection density	106 devices/km2	107 devices/km2
Network energy efficiency	not specified	1 Tb/J
Latency	1 ms	10–100 μs
Jitter	not specified	1μs
Mobility	500 km/h	≥ 1000 km/h