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There is strong evidence that morphological information is analysed during the recognition of printed words. Much of this evidence derives from three paradigms: the morpheme frequency paradigm, the morpheme interference paradigm, and the morphological priming paradigm. This evidence is reviewed briefly in the following section (see also Amenta & Crepaldi, 2012 for fuller review).

The term morphological decomposition is typically used to describe the analysis of morphemic information. This term has usually been used to refer to a process of segmenting words into morphemic constituents (e.g., segmenting unclean into the constituents [un‐] + [clean]) during the recognition process (e.g., Taft, 1994; Taft & Forster, 1975). However, the term morphological decomposition can also refer to the way that morphologically complex words are represented in distributed‐connectionist networks (e.g., Rastle & Davis, 2008). In these networks, if a surface pattern occurs in many words in a semantically consistent manner (e.g., the clean in unclean, cleanly, cleaner, and cleanliness), then the learned distributed representations will come to treat that pattern independently of the rest of the word (Plaut & Gonnerman, 2000). These different characterizations of morphology are discussed later in this chapter. My use of language regarding morphological decomposition should not imply any specific theoretical perspective at this stage.