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In 1969, the ARPANET began to operate, initially linking up four universities. Using this connection, four facilities were able to transfer data and perform lengthy calculations, remotely, on multiple computers.

During the 1970s, research laboratories gradually linked up to the ARPANET.

In 1970, the Network Control Protocol (NCP) was used on ARPANET with the aim of linking heterogeneous devices (IBM, Unix, etc.).

In 1983, the NCP was definitively cast aside in favor of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which is still in use now and represents the main protocol of the Internet. The TCP is responsible for segmenting a message into packets and rearranging the packets after they are received, while the role of IP is to ensure that packets pass from one computer to another until they reach their destination.