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ОглавлениеChapter V-A
Ethan Allen (Allen & Thurber, Allen & Wheelock, E. Allen & Co.)
An honored name in American gunmaking history and one significant in the field of arms collecting is that of Ethan Allen of Massachusetts. A prolific manufacturer of firearms of many types over a lengthy period, his arms were widely purchased and well respected for their quality and sturdiness. The Allen pepperbox was the major competitor to the Colt revolver until well into the 1850s, and like the Colt, it came to symbolize a standard type of arm of its era in the developing American saga. Ethan Allen was one of the first U.S. producers of handguns for commercial sale made on the interchangeable parts principle; he was also among the first private gunmakers to operate on a comparatively large scale.
Allen marked guns have always enjoyed a strong demand and sale on the collector’s market. The wide variety of types available and their usually moderate and low price range in relation to some other more expensive makes readily accounts for their broad following. It is even possible to say there is a relative inequity about this price disparity and that Allens are deserving of a more elevated position in the hierarchy of collecting. Much of this may be attributed to the lack of definitive information on the maker, his successive companies, and the products themselves. Allen arms possess all the characteristics necessary to attract a wide following of devotees: Manufacture in reasonably large quantities; a number of basic models; a great many variations; manufacture over a long time period; and excellent historical associations with America’s adventurous Western Frontier period. That price disparity and concurrent inequity are now nearing an end.
Although there are, and long have been, a few highly advanced students and collectors, the field has generally lacked for the heated competition found in some other American firearms specialties such as Colts, Remingtons, and martial arms. Much of the fault may be attributed to the lack of a concise, basic guide to the subject which would allow the average collector or trader to be reasonably aware of the extent of Allen material, and to distinguish a rarity from a common specimen.
Until recent years, little had been written about the subject. A pioneer work, The Story Of Allen & Wheelock Firearms, was published in 1965 in limited edition. Covering but one facet of Allen arms, it pointed out the wide range of material available and served as the first partial cataloging of the field. The subsequent publication, in 1973, of Ethan Allen, Gunmaker, reviewing the broad scope and importance of Allen weapons, lent considerable impetus to this field of collecting. Although the latter work primarily is a biography of Ethan Allen, it covers his entire line of arms in a manner that greatly assists the collector seeking a basic sequential guide—including essential points for identification of various models and sub-models. With the publication, in 2006, of Ethan Allen and Allen & Wheelock; Their Guns and Their Legacy, collectors are liberally provided with a remarkably broad spectrum of manufacturing and marking variations of these popular arms. There is every reason to believe that the wealth of detail, textually as well as photographically, will have an impact on the collecting of not only Allens, but pepperboxes and American percussion handguns in general. The collectors' marketplace will eventually sort out from that wealth of material the variations and minutiae that will ultimately affect value increases for specific models.
This chapter fills the much-needed guide for simplified identification of all Allen arms, placing them in perspective chronologically and value-wise for the collector. The pepperbox section was especially prepared with that in mind. For the first time, collectors have at their fingertips an easily used reference for these significant American firearms. The chapter is generally arranged by type of gun (i.e. single-shot pistols, multishots, pepperboxes, revolvers and long arms) with each group in a general chronological order. Many of these Allens were made simultaneously and thus several models overlap chronologically. An earnest effort was made to describe and illustrate as many well-known and major variations of each model as have been generally recognized and which are known to materially affect values…perhaps markedly! Not every known variation of Allen arms is listed; a number of the less important types as well as a few extremely rare, if not unique, variants are known and are possible to encounter. The above-mentioned, newly published 2006 Allen book is a most worthy reference and includes such anomalies. With the advent of that wealth of new data about these important gunmakers, such previously unrecognized or relatively unappreciated variations and variants are likely to reflect increasing popularity. Values indicated here merely reflect their current market price and not what conceivably “might be” or “should be” based on their rarity. As information disseminates widely and identification becomes easier, there is every possibility that, with time, values on many of these previously unexamined or unidentified types could be directly affected. Following the progress of this unique group of American firearms in the ensuing years will prove worthwhile.
As with other American firearms of the era, Allens may be found with several extra features that can and do influence value considerably. The most often encountered extra is fancy grips. Ivory is the most likely to be observed, but other exotic materials were also employed, e.g., pearl or rosewood. On occasion the collector may find heavy all-metal German silver, or in a few instances pewter (these latter two are known generally with scroll and floral engraving on them). Fancy grips add to the desirability and value of arms on which they appear. The reader is referred to Chapter II for information on pricing such extra features. Relief carved grips may be seen on Allens and are in great demand, adding considerably to a specimen gun’s value.
Elaborately engraved pieces will at times be observed on various models of Allens and are quite rare. Many Allen handguns were cased, and these most often are in the pepperbox and small caliber revolver types. Desirability and values are also increased considerably with such items; the subject is covered in Chapter II to which the reader is again referred.
On not a few Allens, particularly the earlier types, agents’ names may be found marked in addition to or instead of the usual Allen markings. This is an important feature and does affect value, in some cases significantly. The reader is referred to the section treating Allen pepperboxes within this chapter for further discussion of agents’ markings and how to assess proportionate price increases for them.
A few basic facts concerning Ethan Allen and his companies will prove useful to the reader and collector. The first dispels a myth, while the others are of assistance in placing Allen arms in their proper chronological order and general periods of manufacture and sales.
Contrary to an unfounded, but popular belief, Ethan Allen, the arms inventor and manufacturer (1806-1871) bore no relationship to the American Revolutionary hero of the same name. As far as can be ascertained, the sameness of the inventor’s and the war hero’s names is merely coincidence (Charles Allen of Hopkins & Allen likewise). The popularity of the surname Allen has also been the cause of some confusion as quite a few other American gunmakers—many of them New Englanders, and some achieving notoriety of their own—bore this same surname. Hence, a certain vagueness arises among the uninitiated when Allen arms are discussed.
In 1831 Ethan Allen embarked on his manufacturing career with the production of cutlery in the small Massachusetts hamlet of Milford. It was there that he received his foundation and experience in metal working and commercial manufacturing. The products believed made at that factory were shoemakers’ tools, knives, and various other devices for cutting. In that same year he moved to North Grafton, Massachusetts, a nearby village where he continued manufacturing the same line of items and where it is thought Allen had his first exposure to the arms trade with the fabrication of a cane gun patented by Dr. Roger Lambert of Upton, Massachusetts. Evidently with that experience under his belt, and his personal assessment of the market as ready for his gun making ability, Allen embarked on his firearms career with the first production of his underhammer “Pocket Rifle,” in late 1836.
In 1837 Allen was granted his first patent providing for double action operation of a percussion pistol, leading to the manufacture of his “Tube Hammer” pocket pistol and ultimately to the development of his famed pepperbox. In that same year he formed a partnership with Charles Thurber, his brother-in-law. Their manufacturing operations continued at Grafton, Massachusetts until 1842 when, in order to expand their operation and likely make use of better power facilities and broader labor market, relocation was made to the thriving manufacturing center of Norwich, Connecticut, where the firm remained until 1847.
It is not positively known why the location was changed to Worcester, Massachusetts in 1847. It is surmised that better plant facilities and lower prices, and easier means of transportation, were more attractive there. Business continued as Allen & Thurber until 1854, when Thomas P. Wheelock, another brother-in-law of Ethan Allen who had been with the firm since its inception in Grafton, was taken in as a full partner; the name then changed to ALLEN, THURBER & COMPANY. It thus remained until 1856 when, with the retirement of Charles Thurber, the trade name was altered to ALLEN & WHEELOCK. This latter identification remained on the firm’s products from 1856 through 1865.
Thomas Wheelock died in 1864 at age 51. The following year Ethan Allen reorganized and renamed the company “E. ALLEN & CO.,” which by then included two of Allen’s sons-in-law, Sullivan Forehand and Henry Wadsworth. The company operated under that E. Allen & Co. name until Ethan Allen’s death in 1871 when it once again underwent a name change to FOREHAND & WADSWORTH (see Chapter VIII-A). With the death of Henry Wadsworth in 1890 it was reorganized and renamed FOREHAND ARMS COMPANY. Despite Sullivan Forehand’s death in 1898, it operated under his name until 1902 at which time the company name and remaining inventory on hand was purchased by the HOPKINS & ALLEN MANUFACTURING CO. (no relation of Ethan Allen) of Norwich, Connecticut. Principals of the firm, Samuel and Charles Allen, are said to have been employees of the Ethan Allen firm at an earlier date.
In addition to his many patents for firearms, Ethan Allen was well-recognized as the inventor of special equipment (patented in 1860) for the manufacture of cartridges...machinery that was to remain in popular use by himself and others for many years. Allen & Wheelock also manufactured quite a few sizes and calibers of rimfire and lipfire ammunition. Boxes bearing the A& W label are eagerly sought after by gun and ammunition collectors alike!
A name that often appears linked with the Allen firm and has a more direct association than the usual agent’s marking which may be found on some Allen firearms is that of William H. Onion, a nephew of Ethan Allen. Onion established himself in business in New York City in the early 1850s and it is fairly evident from labels on cased guns, as well as advertisements in periodicals of the era, that William Onion was both in business with and financially backed by his uncle and by Thomas Wheelock and Charles Thurber. For a short period he even operated under the name ONION & WHEELOCK. This close association to the factory and its owners makes cased outfits with the Onion & Wheelock labels or markings quite desirable.
Listed below is the chronological order of the Allen firms with the various names they operated under, locations and dates of each: A quick method of identifying the era and relative scarcity of most Allen marked weapons.
E. ALLEN Grafton, Massachusetts 1831-1837
ALLEN & THURBER Grafton, Massachusetts 1837-1842
ALLEN & THURBER Norwich, Connecticut 1842-1847
ALLEN & THURBER Worcester, Massachusetts 1847-1854
ALLEN THURBER & CO. Worcester, Massachusetts 1854-1856
ALLEN & WHEELOCK Worcester, Massachusetts 1856-1865
E. ALLEN & COMPANY Worcester, Massachusetts 1865-1871
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(NOTE: Material on Allens, especially pepperboxes, may be found in several other books covering American firearms appearing in complete bibliographic listings elsewhere in this book, notably Chapter IV and Chapter VII Pepperboxes. These are: American British and Continental Pepperbox Firearms by Jack Dunlap, Pepperbox Firearms by Lewis Winant, The Collecting of Guns, Edited by James E. Serven, and Sellers & Smith, American Percussion Revolvers.)
*Henry, Paul. Ethan Allen and Allen & Wheelock; Their Guns and Their Legacy. Woonsocket, Rhode Island: Mowbray Pub. Co., 2006. A “must have” for the study and collecting of these makers; a remarkable wealth of detail in text and color illustrations.
*Mouillesseaux, Harold R. Ethan Allen, Gunmaker: His Partners, Patents And Firearms. Ottawa, Canada: Museum Restoration Service, 1973. A major guide to the subject with a great wealth of biographical material on Ethan Allen and his partners as well as details on their products.
*Thomas, H. H. The Story of Allen & Wheelock Firearms. Cincinnati: Krehbiel Company, 1965. (Distributed by Rutgers Book, N.J.) The first work devoted solely to Allen arms, a pioneer in its field with numerous photo illustrations.
Lambert Patent Percussion Cane Gun See Chapter VII-C, Lambert (E. Allen’s first gun making venture).
Ethan Allen First Model Pocket Rifle
First Model Pocket Rifle made by Ethan Allen, Grafton, Massachusetts. Underhammer Single Shot Pistol. Made c. mid-1830s through c. 1842; total quantity a few thousand.
31 caliber standard, but also made in 32, 34, and 44, with varying frame sizes; box like frame shape standard. Rifled barrels of from 5-1/8" to 9", part octagon, part round. Made without ramrod; mountings of iron. Saw handle grips of walnut (sometimes rosewood), usually with silver oval inlays. Scroll engraving standard on frames of later production.
Batch numbers only under barrel or top of strap. Standard marking on frame: E. ALLEN/GRAFTON/MASS. and POCKET RIFLE/CAST STEEL/WARRANTED. Dealer or agent markings sometimes present, e.g., A. W. SPIES MISSISSIPPI POCKET RIFLE , and will add premium to the values. Frequent advertisements in the St. Louis “Missouri Republican” by Allen dealers Mead & Adriance of that city (see 7E-021) often mentioned this model. The Jan. 27, 1838 issue offered it as “...the celebrated Mississippi Rifle Pistol.” An earlier edition, Jan. 11, 1837 advised they had three dozen on hand that were “...highly recommended by all who have used them as excellent for sportsmen or for defense.” MEADE & ADRIANCEagent markings as well as those of WOLF & GILLESPIE are also occasionally encountered on this early Allen and add premium to the value shown.
5A-001
| 5A-001 | Values—Good $550 | Fine $1,275 |
Ethan Allen Second Model Pocket Rifle
Second Model Pocket Rifle, Underhammer Single Shot Pistol. Made c. late 1830s into the 1840s. Limited production estimated at a few hundred. Features basically as on the First Model, but having a rounded frame contour and bag type grip. This is the first firearm to bear the Allen & Thurber name; usually seen marked CAST STEEL/WARRANTED/POCKET RIFLE ALLEN & THURBER/WORCESTER, MASS. Earlier and scarcer markings with address GRAFTON, MASS. (worth premium to value). Varying lengths part round/part octagon barrels (4"to 6" usual). Usual backstrap on “Worcester” marked, narrow type 1/4" width; most early “Grafton” marked specimens with wider (1/2") backstraps. Agent or dealer markings not observed on this model.
5A-002
| 5A-002 | Values—Good $500 | Fine $1,150 |
Allen & Thurber Tube Hammer D.A. Pistol
Tube Hammer Single Shot Pistol, by Allen & Thurber, Grafton, Massachusetts. Made late 1830s to early 1840s. Total production estimated at a few hundred.
Small caliber pocket pistol of double action type, with a spurless hammer resembling a curved tube. Short part round, part octagon barrel. Iron with walnut grips, each having a small oval inlay and wide 15/32" gripstrap.
Serial numbered. ALLEN’S PATENT on frame and P.M./E.A. 1837 on barrel, and sometimes with GRAFTON, MASS. address.
A scarce early Allen with the basic pepperbox grip and frame profile and double action mechanism, this is the pistol pictured in the Allen patent of November 1837. It was also the basis of the 1837 patented action used on pepperboxes (low tension screw type):
5A-003
| 5A-003 | Values—Good $750 | Fine $1,850 |
Allen & Thurber D.A. Bar Hammer Pistol
Single Shot D.A. Bar Hammer Percussion Pistol made by Allen & Thurber, Grafton, Norwich and Worcester. Norwich marked specimens quite rare with only a few known and worth a premium. Made c. 1830s to period of the Civil War; total quantity of several thousand estimated.
28 to 36 calibers. Barrel lengths vary from about 2" to 10"; barrels are of the screw-off type, allowing for breech-loading; half round/half octagon. Very long barrel lengths usually bring higher values. Short barrel types known as muff pistols.
Walnut grips. Blued finish.
Marked with batch numbers. Numerous variations may be found within this group; frames either plain or with simple, broad scroll engraving.
Earliest type with handle set at sharp angle to frame and ALLEN & THURBER/GRAFTON MASS. in two lines on side of the hammer; oval inlay on each grip; has the 1837 patent type action. Backstrap width 7/32". Earliest specimens with 15/32" (wider) backstraps worth premium. Estimated production approximately 200:
5A-004
| 5A-004 | Values—Good $500 | Fine $950 |
As above, angle of handle not quite as sharp, and bearing ALLEN’S PATENT/CAST STEEL on barrel; with or without oval grip inlays; has the 1845 patent type action. Production estimated at less than 200 and less often encountered than first type:
5A-005
| 5A-005 | Values—Good $500 | Fine $950 |
Last type, with arched shape to handle and longer frame; varied later type markings of the Worcester period; not necessarily including maker’s name; 1845 patent type action; majority of production of this style. Found with all three type Worcester markings:
| 5A-006 | Values—Good $200 | Fine $575 |
Allen & Thurber Sidehammer Target Pistol
Single Shot Sidehammer Target Pistol made by Allen & Thurber. An improved type over previous single shot Allen pistols. Made c. late 1840s into the 1850s. Total production estimated at a few hundred.
Calibers 34, 41, and 45. Barrels part round, part octagon, and vary in length from about 6" to 10".
Barrel markings ALLEN & THURBER, WORCESTERor ALLEN THURBER & CO., the latter quite scarce and will bring premium value.
Wooden ramrod beneath the barrel. Rear sight mounted near breech of barrel and extending back behind hammer (where engages adjustment screw). Trigger guard with or without spur (earlier type lacks spur and has single grip screw). Very early models had full octagon barrels, are quite scarce and will command premium values. Usually the very long barrel lengths will bring small premium prices as well as specimens with more elaborate sights than the usually encountered open type described above:
5A-007
| 5A-007 | Values—Good $400 | Fine $1,250 |
Large Frame Type. About identical profile to that pictured for 5A-007 with noticeably larger frame and longer handle; the grips fastened by two screws. Trigger guard with long outside finger spur also standard. Barrel lengths of 10 and 12 inches.
| 5A-007.2 | Values—Good $550 | Fine $1,500 |
Allen & Thurber Center Hammer Pistol
Single Shot Center Hammer (Boxlock) Percussion Pistol made by Allen & Thurber, Allen Thurber & Co. and Allen & Wheelock, with the so-called Shotgun-Type hammer. Made c. late 1840s to period of the Civil War; total quantity of a few thousand.
32, 36, and 44 calibers (the latter rare). Barrel lengths from about 3 to 12 inches; half round/half octagon. Single action mechanism, the hammer offset slightly to the right to allow for sighting.
Walnut grips. Blued finish.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN AND THURBER, ALLEN THURBER & CO., or ALLEN & WHEELOCK.
An advantage of this pistol was the quite simple action, large caliber, and generally long barrel length. Numerous variations exist in this type. The very long barrels usually bring higher values:
5A-008
| 5A-008 | Values—Good $175 | Fine $500 |
Allen & Thurber Double Barrel Single Trigger
Double Barrel Single Trigger Pistol made by Allen & Thurber, Allen Thurber & Co., Allen & Wheelock. Made c. 1850s; total quantity estimated from 500 to 1,000.
34 and 36 caliber. Double (side-by-side) barrels, in length from 3" to 6" (longer length worth premium). Double hammers with single trigger.
Walnut grips. Blued finish. Ramrods sometimes present.
Serial (batch) numbered. Flute between barrels may be marked ALLEN & THURBER, ALLEN THURBER & CO.or ALLEN & WHEELOCK. Unmarked specimens may be encountered.
An attempt to produce a pocket pistol of increased (two shot) firepower, the mechanism has the unique feature of a single trigger which releases both hammers individually (on two separate pulls) when both are cocked simultaneously. Earliest models have tension screws on inside gripstrap; these screws discontinued on later production.
Identical pistols marked BRUCE & DAVIS and SPALDING & FISHER are believed to be of Allen & Thurber manufacture (most likely made by them on order and marked with trade names). No documentary evidence has been found to substantiate this:
5A-009
| 5A-009 | Values—Good $400 | Fine $900 |
Allen Thurber & Co. Target Pistol
Target Pistol with Attachable Stock made by Allen Thurber & Co. Made c. early 1850s in limited quantity.
31 and 36 caliber. Barrel lengths of about 11" to 16" octagonal; or part octagon/part round (often on A& W-marked specimens). Wooden ramrod beneath barrel. German silver and iron mountings. Deluxe engraving on major parts, excepting barrel.
Serial numbered. Marked on barrel ALLEN THURBER & Co./WORCESTER/CAST STEEL. Specimens known marked also ALLEN & THURBER and ALLEN & WHEELOCK. Values same.
These sophisticated arms featured a high standard of craftsmanship, special sights (including peep, and tube and ball), false muzzles and bullet starters, and set triggers. They were apparently standard cased with a full array of accessories. Considered as scarce and a prized specimen for an Allen collection, or for the collector of New England arms.
The attachable stock has fancy patchbox on right side and oval escutcheon plate inlaid on left side.
Values are for complete gun with false muzzle and attachable stock. Cased outfits, as often encountered, are valued considerably higher, with both the condition of the case and the inclusion of accessories affecting such increased values. The absence of the false muzzle detracts considerably from the value and desirability of most specimens (if they show provisions for one originally) as does the absence of the stock:
5A-010
| 5A-010 | Values—Good $2,750 | Fine $8,500 |
Pistol only, without attachable stock:
| 5A-010.5 | Values—Good $900 | Fine $3,000 |
Allen & Wheelock Center Hammer Pistol
Center Hammer Straight Line Percussion Pistol made by Allen & Wheelock, a.k.a. “In-Line” or “Straight Away” (as nipple is ‘in line with the barrel and bore). Made c. 1858 to 1865; total quantity about 500.
31 to 38 caliber. Single shot. Barrel lengths from 3" to 6"; variations in barrels are encountered with some full octagon or full round; others part round, part octagon. The long barrel length will usually bring a slightly higher value. Iron frame standard; brass frame known but very rare.
Walnut grips.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK...usual markings most often seen on octagon barrels; round barrels seldom encountered with markings.This deringer type arm was one of the simplest of all Allen firearms. The frame was one piece, and the mechanism was an uncomplicated single action; the barrels were occasionally surplus revolver barrels from other Allen models on which production had ceased. A variant of the handle shape is also encountered with a more evenly arched profile versus earlier “quick drop” profile:
5A-011
| 5A-011 | Values—Good $250 | Fine $600 |
ALLEN PEPPERBOXES
Among the most popular and best selling handguns of their day, the Allen pepperboxes were the first American double action revolving arms. The long period of their manufacture from the 1830s to the early 1860s attests to their wide popularity and commercial success. For a decade or more after the introduction of Sam Colt’s revolver, the Allen pepperbox enjoyed far wider sales and notoriety as a handgun; contemporary accounts usually attest to that fact. The Allen pepperbox found wide acceptance among a general cross section of the American public as a reliable and inexpensive weapon of defense. Quite a few of them were sold to emigrants heading west and not a few found their way to California with the 49ers, turning up in the gold regions of that fast burgeoning area. They were also highly popular, primarily in larger dragoon sizes, with military men in both federal and state militia service, and are known to have seen campaign use in the Seminole Wars of Florida, and in the Mexican and Civil Wars. A number of specimens appear in fine collections with inscriptions on them directly associating them to military usage and ownership.
More types and variations occur within the Allen pepperboxes than any other Allen product, and very likely any other model of gun by any other American manufacturer. It is estimated that about 50 basic types were made from their first introduction in the 1830s to final production in the 1860s. Of these there exist numerous sub-types and a great many variations have been identified.
Allen pepperboxes have always enjoyed a wide following in the dual collecting categories of Allen arms and American pepperboxes. Their attractiveness is based on a close association with many important eras of American history, the popularity of their maker’s name, and the several variations in which they can be found, acquired and accumulated. Very likely the major problem experienced in collecting them has been the lack of a definitive, systematically categorized check-list of all models, sub-models and variants. Allen pepperboxes have thus far had not a little literature written about them, yet they have managed to elude a simplified, reasonably complete detailed listing and itemization (the very first, and meager, attempt appearing in the April, 1911 issue of the short-lived Magazine Of Antique Firearms) which the average collector or merely mildly interested gun trader finds so essential for reference. In attempting to break through that barrier, the author has established the first simplified guidelines for identification and evaluation of these highly important American arms. It is essential for the reader to understand that in pioneering new territory, especially in a field such as the Allen pepperboxes (which were manufactured in so many styles and variations), the simplified listings in this chapter represent the most often encountered, basic styles plus some of the better known variations and rarities. In order to grasp, and consequently properly evaluate, the importance of pieces not falling within any of these listings (specimens of which the reader may encounter), it is essential that he perform further research on his own.
It is indicative of the difficulty of systematically categorizing Allen pepperboxes that all prior works on the subject have thus far avoided a confrontation with the problem. These guns just have not lent themselves to the neat systematized presentations that such arms as Colts and Smith & Wessons have. This certainly does not lessen their importance nor their value; it merely presents the collector with more of a challenge and further allows the serious student a chance to accumulate knowledge and shed some very important light on the field. The reader is also referred to Chapter VII-B (American Percussion Pepperboxes) for further information about these arms.
Fundamental to the identification and evaluation of Allen pepperboxes are a few observations concerning their manufacture at three different locations, their two basic styles (i.e., 1837 and 1845 patents), the few features commonly found in most types (enumerated below) and the fact that CONTRADICTIONS OFTEN OCCUR.
For the sake of systematization, Allen pepperboxes are divided into three basic groups: (1) Those made at Grafton, Massachusetts, c. mid-1830s to 1842; (2) those made at Norwich, Connecticut, c. 1842 to 1847; (3) those made at Worcester, Massachusetts, c. 1847 to 1865.
The two basic subdivisions of Allen pepperboxes made at the latter two locations are those of the 1837 patent type and of the 1845 patent type. These are key identifying features, especially in the Norwich made pepperboxes, and are easily recognized and verified by the collector.
The 1837 patent type has a one-piece straight (more or less) mainspring which fits into a small clip at the base of the inside strap (underneath the grips). The screw which adjusts the tension on that spring (and which can be observed by the eye on the outside of the gun) appears on the inside (or front) gripstrap very close to the bottom or butt of the handle.
The 1845 patent type has a large “U” shaped mainspring and the tension adjusting screw (which is easily observed on the outside of the gun) appears approximately in the center of the inner (or front) gripstrap of the handle.
A few other features more or less common to all Allens of all three types are factory standard walnut grips; early ones often have long narrow oval German silver inlays (known in collectors’ terminology as “spangles”). A variety of other types of grips are found on Allen pepperboxes and are discussed in the prefatory text of this section. The usual finish on standard pepperboxes was blued barrels and frames with casehardened hammers, although other finishes are seen with varying degrees of frequency. These too will alter values upward depending on their originality and type.
Indicative of manufacturing economy introduced by Allen is his utilization of the integral nipple with barrels. Only on the early Grafton-made models are removable nipples seen; all other Allen pepperboxes have nipples milled integrally with barrels.
A feature standard with most Allens (it will be so noted where normally not encountered) is hand-engraved designs on the frame and nipple shields. Types and styles vary and are described in the following listings; it should be noted that rarely will specimens be found identical on any type as they were all hand engraved and for the most part quickly, but well executed. For the expert, engraving style, although repetitive and varying slightly, is sufficient to place a piece within a certain time and place of manufacture. Highly embellished, custom engraved specimens are sometimes seen having designs covering sections of the barrel as well as much finer quality workmanship on the frame; such pieces—when proven original—command premium values and must be judged individually on their own merits.
Serial numbers on Allens are not a good method of judging either period of manufacture or variation. They are manufacturing batch numbers and hence, will be noted with but very few digits and in a low series.
Barrel lengths of the various models and types fall within general patterns which are detailed in the following descriptions. It has been observed that varying lengths, as long as they fall within known patterns, do not normally affect values nor demand. Of course, should bona fide unique or extra long lengths occur as is always possible, such a piece would merit a considerable premium.
Another major feature in understanding the general sequence of production of early Allen pepperboxes as well as evaluating them is the shape, and especially the angle at which the grip or handle is set to the frame. This is a nuance which is not easily categorized in a listing such as the present one, and tends very much to cloud the issue for our purposes. The collector, however, should be very much aware of this and it is certainly well worth his effort to review the subject, quite well discussed in Ethan Allen, Gunmaker. The matter of grip angle is decidedly introduced in our listings, but variants do occur within them which require further attention on the reader’s part. Mention is made of major handle variations when important for basic identification. Five major angles have been categorized by Allen collectors: (A) The “quick drop” grip in which the handle is set at a very sharp, almost right angle to the frame, as found on the earliest Grafton and Norwich specimens. This is the first style and the most easily observable. (B) The so-called “slow drop” grip in which the handle is still at a sharp angle to the frame, but slightly more curved than the early type. (C) Full “dog leg” grip and (D) semi “dog leg” grip, both of which have the early long handles normally with oval “spangles” or escutcheons, but are not set at nearly the sharp angular positions of the early, first two types. (E) The most commonly encountered evenly arched “late rounded” grip as found on most of the Worcester manufactured pieces.
Among the other details to which the serious collector should pay heed are the use of grip pins, “spangles” (the long oval narrow German silver grip inlays), numerous marking variations and the sizes and shapes of marking dies.
The pitman (or connecting rod) and ratchet features are often mentioned and referred to in Allen pepperbox literature. These features first appear in the Grafton series and were continued throughout all other Allen pepperboxes. They consisted of an inner series of cam teeth on the base of the barrel unit and a square pin below the cylinder pin extending from the breech. When hammer is at full cock the square pin extended from the breech and locked the cylinder for the moment of firing.
A feature found on several late Grafton and Norwich pepperboxes is a slotted hammer for sighting (at the rear of the hammer a rectangular slot which is used to sight through). It is estimated that less than one-third of the late Graftons and approximately one-third of all Norwich production were made with this feature. The incidence of their survival seems to be less than formerly indicated and does call for a small premium to their value. Front sights were not usual and the presence of them will also add a premium to value.
DEALER, DISTRIBUTOR OR AGENT MARKINGS
The presence of dealers’ or agents’ markings on Allen pepperboxes is an important feature affecting value. Such markings may be considered scarce and often appear on a variety of types of Allens and can increase their prices from a minimum of 20 percent to possibly 100 percent or more, depending on the marking and the model of pepperbox. Certain agents’ markings are more likely to be seen than others, e.g., J. G. Bolen, or A. W. Spies & Company, while others are considered quite scarce, e.g., Young, Smith & Company, Lane & Read, Tryon, and Hyde & Goodrich; still others may be considered rare, such as J. Eaton, Meade & Adriance, Canfield Bros., S. Sutherland, Wolfe & Gillespie, P. Evans and no doubt some that have yet to be recorded! In most cases where agents’ names appear, some of the other standard markings (such as the Norwich or Worcester address) or even the Allen company name will be omitted and normally only the ALLEN’S PATENT markings will appear on the hammer. The reader should bear in mind, as previously stated, that contradictions often occur.
Grafton Production Pepperboxes
Grafton-made pepperboxes were not only Allen’s first production, but are among the scarcest for the collector and may generally be regarded as the most valuable. It is within this group that collectors have singled out the earliest, and one of the smallest of Allen’s pocket sizes to apply the quaint name “The Dainty Grafton.” Two other sizes of Grafton-made pieces are found and are usually referred to as the “standard” and the “dragoon.” These early Allens are easily distinguished by both their “Grafton, Mass.” address markings and the very sharp angle at which the grip is set to the frame; the so-called “quick drop.” They usually are also seen with the very tiny die-stamp markings (the so-called No. 1 die—1-1/2 millimeters in letter height), considerably smaller than on the later Norwich and Worcester production arms. A nuance worth investigating for the advanced collector is the absence and later introduction of the internal pitman and ratchet mechanism which is a distinguishing feature of variations within the Grafton line.
“DAINTY” OR SMALL POCKET SIZE. The first pepperbox manufactured by Allen. Six-shot. 28 caliber. Removable, numbered nipples. Barrel lengths vary; normally of approximately 2-3/4" to 3". Most specimens with engraved frame bearing simple, leaf-like designs with some specimens plain, unengraved. Often marked ALLEN’S PATENT on left sideplate in very tiny block letters, and on left side of hammer ALLEN & THURBER/GRAFTON, MASS. also in tiny No. 1 die size. Made without nipple shield:
5A-012
| 5A-012 | Values—Good $2,000 | Fine $6,000 |
STANDARD OR MEDIUM SIZE. Barrel lengths vary, approximately 3" to 5". Six-shot. 31 caliber.
Early Type. Removable, numbered nipples; fluted barrel ribs; wide backstrap (over 1/2" width). Frame either plain or with very simple broad leaf hand-engraved designs; left side of frame often found (but not always) with tiny ALLEN’S PATENT markings. Hammer marked ALLEN & THURBER/GRAFTON, MASS. in tiny letters:
| 5A-013 | Values—Good $1,100 | Fine $3,250 |
Second Type. Distinguished by first use of integral nipples; wide backstrap (over 1/2" width), hammer markings identical to above, but not found with sideplate markings; usually bears simple engraved frame designs; fluted barrel ribs. There are known specimens with full hexagonal shaped barrels which are considered very rare and will command premium values:
5A-014
| 5A-014 | Values—Good $1,100 | Fine $3,000 |
Third or Late Type. Similar to above. Its most easily identifiable feature is the narrow backstrap (about 5/16" width). It is on this model that Allen first used a nipple shield, although not all specimens are found with this feature. Top of hammer marked in tiny letters ALLEN’S PATENT. Side of hammer marked ALLEN & THURBER/GRAFTON, MASS. Full hexagonal barrels also known on this type but are considered quite rare and will bring premium values:
| 5A-015 | Values—Good $875 | Fine $2,750 |
DRAGOON SIZE. Large frame. Six-shot. 36 caliber. Barrel lengths approximately 5-1/2" to 6". All variations have wide backstrap. All made without nipple shield and all have fluted barrel ribs.
Early First Type. Plain, unengraved frame; unmarked sideplate; removable numbered nipples; fluted barrel ribs; side of hammer marked ALLEN & THURBER/GRAFTON, MASS. in tiny letters (No. 1 die) and on top of hammer, ALLEN’S PATENT:
| 5A-016 | Values—Good $1,750 | Fine $4,000 |
Second Type. Simple engraved frame designs; removable numbered nipples; same markings as above. Internal change showing use of the pitman and ratchet:
| 5A-017 | Values—Good $1,500 | Fine $3,750 |
Third Type. Similar to above. Quickly distinguished by its integral/fixed nipples. Also shows use of the pitman and ratchet:
5A-018
| 5A-018 | Values—Good $1,400 | Fine $3,500 |
Fourth or Last Type. Similar to above. Quickly identified by its hand engraved nipple shield:
| 5A-018.5 | Values—Good $1,400 | Fine $3,500 |
Norwich Production Pepperboxes
Similar in style to the earlier Grafton pepperboxes, particularly in the sharp angle where the handle joins the frame and the use of long, narrow, oval shaped German silver inlays (spangles) on grips. The earliest Norwich specimens have the so-called “quick drop” grip with this angular juncture becoming less severe in later Norwich production running the gamut to the so-called “slow drop” and full and semi “dog leg” grips. Such nuances are often very important and are felt by some advanced collectors to be classified as a distinct category of the Norwich line, but this is felt beyond the scope of categorization of this work.
All Norwich pepperboxes are six-shot. The earliest Norwich pepperboxes have the so-called No. 1 die (tiny 1-1/2 millimeter letter height) markings on the top of hammer and matching ALLEN & THURBER/NORWICH C-Ton side of the hammer. It is quite firmly believed that these pieces were made at Grafton and assembled at Norwich. The first Norwich manufactured pieces have the larger so-called No. 2 die (2-1/2 millimeter letter height) markings on top side of hammer and PATENTED CAST STEEL on barrel group (while the early ones were either unmarked or bore only CAST STEEL).
Almost all Norwich specimens bear the simple hand engraved scroll/floral designs on the frame. Marking variations are numerous and are not always uniform for both barrels and hammer. A most important factor in categorizing the Norwich production is the use of the 1837 patent (with the tension screw for mainspring on lower handle near butt) and the more commonly encountered 1845 or later type patent which is quickly identified by the tension screw for mainspring located about in the center of the inner gripstrap. The collector should be aware that many of the 1845 or “later” types will be observed which bear the older 1837 patent markings. This merely indicates use of the marking die from earlier production which had not yet been discontinued, or even the use of stock or bin parts in the assembly of the guns; an interesting feature, but one which does not normally increase nor affect the value of a specimen. Normal markings ALLEN & THURBER/NORWICH, C-T on hammer (except where agent’s marks appear) with patent dates or CAST STEEL on barrels.
There was no small or pocket size frame made in this Norwich group. A few of the hammerless models with short barrel lengths are occasionally seen referred to as “pocket size” or “model” Norwich production, but they actually do not constitute a distinct size variation. Their frame size is the same as “standard” and their short barrels merely give them the appearance of being smaller.
STANDARD OR MEDIUM SIZE. ALLEN & THURBER/NORWICH C-T marked pepperboxes. Early Style With 1837 Patent Actions; usually marked with 1837 patent date. Barrel lengths from approximately 3" to 5" are usual. Engraving of scroll/floral designs on frame. Where nipple shields are used, they have the rolled type (as opposed to the hand engraved) scroll designs.
Bar hammer style; fluted barrel ribs; made without nipple shield:
5A-019
| 5A-019 | Values—Good $425 | Fine $1,150 |
Identical to above, but with nipple shield:
| 5A-020 | Values—Good $450 | Fine $1,250 |
Bar hammer type with flat barrel ribs; made without nipple shield:
5A-021
| 5A-021 | Values—Good $400 | Fine $1,100 |
Identical to above with nipple shield:
| 5A-022 | Values—Good $375 | Fine $1,000 |
Hammerless (concealed hammer) type with conventional trigger and trigger guard; flat barrel ribs; without nipple shield (none has been encountered with shield and such would be considered very rare):
5A-023
| 5A-023 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $3,000 |
Hammerless type as above, but with distinctive ring trigger; made without shield; flat barrel ribs:
5A-024
| 5A-024 | Values—Good $725 | Fine $2,000 |
Identical to above, but with shield:
| 5A-025 | Values—Good $800 | Fine $2,200 |
Bar hammer type with ring trigger; fluted barrel ribs; made without nipple shield (rare):
5A-026
| 5A-026 | Values—Good $550 | Fine $1,400 |
Identical to above, but with conventional trigger guard:
| 5A-026.5 | Values—Good $550 | Fine $1,400 |
Identical to above, but made with nipple shield having the roll type scroll engraving; rare:
5A-027
| 5A-027 | Values—Good $550 | Fine $1,400 |
STANDARD OR “MEDIUM” SIZE WITH 1845 TYPE PATENT. (Hammerless types have not been observed in this style and would be considered quite rare.)
Bar hammer; nipple shield and flat barrel ribs:
5A-028
| 5A-028 | Values—Good $350 | Fine $1,200 |
Ring trigger model with bar hammer and nipple shield; flat barrel ribs:
5A-029
| 5A-029 | Values—Good $550 | Fine $1,250 |
Ring trigger as above without nipple shield; these are found with very small No. 1 type die markings ALLEN’S PATENT on top of hammer; only known case where apparently Allen reverted to the use of a discontinued die:
| 5A-030 | Values—Good $625 | Fine $1,400 |
DRAGOON SIZE NORWICH PEPPERBOXES, 1837 PATENT ACTIONS. Large frame; barrel lengths usually 6".
Bar hammer with conventional trigger and trigger guard; fluted barrel ribs; made without nipple shield:
| 5A-031 | Values—Good $875 | Fine $2,500 |
Identical to above, but with nipple shield:
| 5A-032 | Values—Good $875 | Fine $2,500 |
Identical to above, but flat barrel ribs and made without nipple shield:
| 5A-033 | Values—Good $750 | Fine $2,250 |
Ring trigger model. Made without nipple shield; fluted barrel ribs:
| 5A-034 | Values—Good $750 | Fine $2,250 |
Ring trigger model made without nipple shield and flat barrel ribs:
5A-035
| 5A-035 | Values—Good $875 | Fine $2,500 |
DRAGOON SIZE NORWICH PEPPERBOXES, 1845 TYPE ACTIONS
Bar hammer with conventional trigger and trigger guard; flat barrel ribs; with nipple shield:
5A-036
| 5A-036 | Values—Good $750 | Fine $2,250 |
Ring trigger model with flat barrel ribs; made without nipple shield:
| 5A-037 | Values—Good $875 | Fine $2,500 |
Ring trigger model with nipple shield (rare):
5A-038
| 5A-038 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $2,600 |
Worcester Production Pepperboxes
There is no doubt that after the move from Norwich to Worcester, the company continued either the production or at least the assembly of parts shipped from their Norwich facilities. Documentary evidence does not exist as to which models were first made or introduced by the Worcester factory, but it has been quite thoroughly agreed upon by most Allen students that many models were simultaneously produced. The earliest style of Worcester marked pepperboxes decidedly show characteristics of Norwich types and they may be aptly called “transitional.” These are distinguished by their “dog leg” handles with noticeable angular juncture to the frame, quite distinctly setting them off from the overall Worcester-made pepperbox. The Worcester product generally conforms to a style of an evenly rounded frame (versus the flatter frames of Norwich and earlier production), with the handles having a gentle or evenly arched shape as they meet the frame. This latter, standard type is not usually found with the oval inlays or “spangles.” The true transitional “Worcester” marked model is likely that with the conventional trigger and hammer, 5" barrel, flat wide ribs with rolled scroll design on nipple shield, dog leg handle and spangles on grips. The next later transitional type has the rose and vine engraved shield.
The most conventional Worcester pepperboxes are those with the shorter appearing handle of the so-called “bag” shape. Nipple shields are standard on Worcester pepperboxes (except where noted below) and bear a very simple hand engraved scroll motif on most pieces with the later models having no design there at all. Hand engraved motifs are easily distinguishable from the earlier Norwich roll embellished nipple shields. Transitional and very early Worcester pieces will be observed with the Norwich style roll engraving and may be considered quite scarce. Frames of all Worcester pepperboxes are quite standard with the broad hand engraved scroll/floral designs. Worcester made pepperboxes are all of the 1845 patent type. Except for the one single action model (so noted below), all conventional Worcester production was double action with bar type hammer. Concealed hammer types are known and specimens identified as original are considered rare.
SMALL OR “POCKET SIZE” WORCESTER PEPPERBOX.
Calibers 25, 28, 31, and 34 (in four-shot only). Found in four- , five-and six-shot styles. Five-shot variety most commonly encountered in this size. Four-shot a distinctly different model as noted below. Marking of all three types of the Worcester era, 1847 to 1865 (see preface). Majority of these small sizes have fluted barrels. Barrel lengths 2-1/2" to 4".
Fluted barrels with engraved nipple shield separately affixed; most often seen with hand engraving on shields:
5A-039
| 5A-039 | Values—Good $325 | Fine $750 |
Fluted barrels with nipple shield made integral with frame:
5A-040
| 5A-040 | Values—Good $325 | Fine $750 |
Fluted barrels without nipple shield; no provision for same and usually plain, unengraved frame. ALLEN & WHEELOCK marked only and one of the very last styles made at Worcester:
5A-041
| 5A-041 | Values—Good $325 | Fine $750 |
Similar to above frame without nipple shield, but having the rebated barrels of 5A.040. A transitional type. Numbers must match to be original:
| 5A-041.5 | Values—Good $350 | Fine $850 |
Four-shot pepperbox 34 caliber. Found only with ALLEN & WHEELOCK markings. Fluted barrels. A distinctly different style than all other Allens in the method of attaching barrels to frame; an integral extension at rear of barrels affixes to frame rather than the standard use of a center support bored through the barrel units to the muzzle. Variance noted in locking devices. Simple engraved design standard on frames; all are made without recoil shield. Single indentation at rear of barrels between nipples for hammer safety rest:
5A-042
| 5A-042 | Values—Good $450 | Fine $1,400 |
STANDARD OR MEDIUM SIZE. This is the most often encountered size and very likely the group with the widest variations of types and markings. Caliber usually 31 or 32. Five-or six-shot; ribbed and fluted barrels usually varying 3" to 5". Conventional triggers only (ring triggers have not been observed in Worcester production). Markings are of all three Worcester styles. Simple broad scroll/floral engraved frames are standard. The most often seen styles and some of the very scarce variations are:
Early transitional type with handle of “dog leg” style as carry over from Norwich production; oval inlay in grips; flat narrow barrel ribs. ALLEN & THURBER, WORCESTER markings only and the rolled type engraving of Norwich style on nipple shield. Very scarce:
5A-043
| 5A-043 | Values—Good $375 | Fine $1,250 |
Similar to above with Norwich style handle, but hand engraved nipple shield and wide flat barrel ribs:
5A-044
| 5A-044 | Values—Good $375 | Fine $1,150 |
Bag shaped, evenly curved standard Worcester style handle with rounded frame; wide flat barrel ribs; engraved nipple shield. One of the most often seen styles:
5A-045
| 5A-045 | Values—Good $375 | Fine $1,100 |
Identical to above with fluted barrels:
| 5A-045.5 | Values—Good $375 | Fine $1,100 |
Single action, shotgun type hammer with wide flat barrel ribs; engraved nipple shield; bag shaped handle. Normally seen with sideplate fastening on right side. A rare variation is known (and will bring considerable premium) with sideplate on left side; another very rare variation recorded is fitted with fluted barrels. Specimens proven original worth considerable premium:
5A-046
| 5A-046 | Values—Good $700 | Fine $2,250 |
Hammerless type with conventional trigger and nipple shield. In this case nipple shield is merely a narrow short projection at the top of the frame rather than completely encircling frame:
| 5A-047 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $3,000 |
Bag shaped handle. Frame size noticeably larger and is midway between the “Standard” and “Dragoon” (recent collector terminology names it the “Baby Dragoon”). Worcester production. 6 shot. Engraved nipple shield; flat barrel ribs:
5A-048
| 5A-048 | Values—Good $450 | Fine $1,200 |
DRAGOON SIZE. Easily identified by its massive proportions. 36 caliber. Six-shot. Approximately 6" barrels (varying slightly). Conventional bar type hammer and trigger; broad scroll/floral engraving standard on frames. A few rare variations are known to appear in this style such as the bar hammer with short cocking spur which allows for single action operation; such pieces demand substantial premiums. These large “Dragoons” are termed by collectors “49’ers” as so many of them are known to have been carried by those heading west in the earlier years of the Gold Rush.
Early transitional style with “dog leg” handle having features of Norwich production; oval grip inlay; wide flat barrel ribs; hand engraved nipple shield; trigger guard without spur as seen on later types. Usually marked only ALLEN & THURBER, WORCESTER:
5A-049
| 5A-049 | Values—Good $875 | Fine $2,750 |
Standard Worcester production with bag shaped, evenly arched handle; spur projecting from rear of trigger guard; engraved nipple shield; wide barrel ribs; marked ALLEN & THURBER or ALLEN & WHEELOCK. ALLEN, THURBER & CO. markings are known, but rare and will bring premium value):
5A-050
| 5A-050 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $3,000 |
As above, but with fluted barrels; spur projecting from rear of trigger guard; markings usually ALLEN & THURBER. ALLEN & WHEELOCKmarkings are known, but considered rare and will bring a premium value while ALLEN, THURBER & CO.are believed to exist, but none has yet been recorded and would certainly bring premium also:
5A-051
| 5A-051 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $3,000 |
Allen & Wheelock Large Frame Pocket Rev.
Bar Hammer Double Action Pocket Model Percussion Revolver, Large Frame Type, made by Allen & Wheelock, a.k.a. “Transitional Pepperbox-Revolver.” C. 1857 into early 1860s; quantity estimated as high as 1500; however, actual production more likely near 500. Specimens seldom seen; very scarce.
34 caliber (various listed as 32 caliber). Five-shot round cylinder, bearing roll engraved forest scene decoration, including deer and dogs. 3" to 5" octagonal barrels, without sights.
Walnut grips of bag shape. Blued finish; casehardened cylinder, hammer and trigger.
Serial (batch) numbered. Markings noted below under values.
The first revolver made by Allen, the design shows obvious influences of his pepperbox production, particularly in the bar hammer, double action, and overall appearance of frame and grips. Numerous variations of lesser importance may be found on this model including several different styles of hammer rests on rear of cylinders.
Early model, having cylinder pin of threaded type, with slot for screwdriver; screws into the frame (beneath the barrel); about 400 estimated made, however, survival rate apparently low and this considered hardest to find by collectors. Marked ALLEN & WHEELOCK (frame) and PATENTED APRIL 16, 1845 (hammer):
5A-052
| 5A-052 | Values—Good $450 | Fine $1,200 |
Transition type; as above, but with sliding type cylinder pin secured by screw through bottom of the frame; frame length forward of the cylinder, 11/16"; estimates of quantity made range from 50 on up:
| 5A-053 | Values—Good $325 | Fine $1,100 |
Medium frame type; (a.k.a. “Late Production” type in earlier editions of this “guide”). Has identical profile and caliber of that illustrated; also five shots. Slightly smaller cylinder (1-1/2" long vs. the larger 1-5/8") and a smaller, lighter frame. Barrel marking usually: ALLEN & WHEELOCK WORCESTER, MASS./ALLEN’S PATENT APRIL 16, 1845. Hammer marking as on previous models, although placement may vary:
| 5A-054 | Values—Good $300 | Fine $1,000 |
Allen & Wheelock Small Frame Pocket Rev.
Bar Hammer Double Action Pocket Model Percussion Revolver, Small Frame Type, a.k.a.“Transition Pepperbox-Revolver.” Made by Allen & Wheelock c. 1858 into early 1860s; total quantity about 1,000.
About identical profile to above “Large Frame” and “Medium Frame” but noticeably smaller; hammer is evenly rounded vs. the double “bends” in profile of the Large Frame type.”
30 caliber (variously listed as 31 cal.). 5-shot round cylinder 1-1/4" long bearing roll engraved forest scene, including deer and ducks. 2" to 3-1/2" octagonal barrels, without sights.
Walnut grips of bag shape. Blued finish.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK, MASS./ALLEN’S PATENT APRIL 16, 1845. Specimens encountered with patent date marking on hammer.
All the small frame size pistols were fitted with the late cylinder pin, of sliding type, secured by a screw through bottom of the frame. Variations of hammer shape and forward section of trigger bow (at point where it joins frame) also noted:
5A-055
| 5A-055 | Values—Good $400 | Fine $1,250 |
Allen & Wheelock Sidehammer Pocket and Belt Revolvers
Sidehammer Pocket and Belt Model Revolvers by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. 1858-1861; total quantity as noted below under values.
28 caliber Pocket Model, small frame, octagon barrel lengths 2" to 5". 32 caliber (seen variously listed as 31 and 34 cal.). Belt Model with larger or medium size frame, octagon barrels from 3" to 6" with longer 7-1/2" barrels known and considered rare, worth premium. Cylinders all five-shot and roll engraved with forest scene and varying total of deer. Cylinder pins enter frame from rear, screw into position.
Walnut grips. Blued finish; casehardened cylinder, hammer and trigger guard.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel markings as indicated below.
As noted under the Navy Model revolvers, a number of variants will be encountered in the Allen & Wheelock Sidehammers. Due to the limited numbers produced, complete classifications have yet to be made and published. Quite a few minor variations noted.
Early production type; lateral friction style catch on left side of sideplate/trigger guard, to secure trigger guard/loading lever into position for firing (see illustration of side hammer early production Navy for this feature). Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK and ALLEN’S PATENT JAN. 13, 1857. Various estimates have been made for production of these two calibers, but no documentary evidence has been found to support production figures. For collecting purposes both may be said to be rare and very probably less than 100 of each were produced:
| 5A-056 | Values—Good $550 | Fine $1,500 |
Standard model; catch for trigger guard of spring loaded type and mounted on rear of guard. Variations appear in shape of cylinder pins, and two or three screw sideplates. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK WORCESTER, MASS./ALLEN’S PATENTS JAN. 13, 1857, SEPT. 7, 1858. 28 and 31 caliber specimens (estimated approximately 750 to 1000 of each made):
5A-057
| 5A-057 | Values—Good $375 | Fine $1,150 |
Allen & Wheelock Sidehammer Navy Revolver
Sidehammer Navy Model Percussion Revolver by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. 1858-1861; total quantity as noted below under values.
36 caliber. Large frame size. 6-shot round cylinder with roll engraved forest scene including rabbit, deer and doe motif. Octagonal barrel, 5-1/2" to 8" with the latter the most often encountered. However, that longer 8" bbl. will usually bring a premium of 10 to 15 percent.
Walnut grips. Blued finish; the cylinder, hammer and trigger guard casehardened.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel markings as noted below.
Some confusion exists in studying the Allen & Wheelock Sidehammer revolvers, due to the number of variants encountered and the relatively small quantities produced. The Navy Model is the most readily identifiable, and is one of the most sought after types. Although no government contracts were given for this model, it is considered by collectors as a martial type.
Early production type; lateral friction style catch on left side of sideplate/trigger guard, to secure trigger guard/loading lever into position for firing. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCKand ALLEN’S PATENT JAN. 13, 1857. About 100 made:
5A-058 Early Production
| 5A-058 | Values—Good $1,250 | Fine $4,000 |
Standard model; catch for trigger guard of spring loaded type and mounted on rear of guard. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK WORCESTER, MASS./ALLEN’S PATENTS JAN. 13, 1857, SEPT. 7, 1858. About 750 made:
5A-059 Standard Production
| 5A-059 | Values—Good $1,150 | Fine $3,500 |
Allen & Wheelock Center Hammer Army
Army Model Center Hammer Percussion Revolver by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. 1861-1862; total quantity usually estimated about 700. However, from the frequency with which this piece appears, it would seem that considerably more were made, hence there is strong likelihood numbers were merely assembly numbers.
44 caliber. 6-shot round cylinder rebated at nipple end. 7-1/2" half round, half octagon barrel.
Walnut grips. Blued finish, with casehardened hammer and trigger guard.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel markings: ALLEN & WHEELOCK. WORCESTER, MASS. U.S./ALLEN’S PT’S. JAN. 13, 1857. DEC 15, 1857, SEPT. 7, 1858.
An improvement over the Sidehammer revolvers, the main features of the Army Model are the centrally located hammer and the cylinder pin entering from the front. Variations are known in the method of attaching nipples to cylinder with slight changes in shape of nipple wells. Records show that 536 Allen revolvers were bought by the U. S. government in 1861; they do not, however, indicate which model. It has been generally assumed that these were all the 44 caliber Army type. Martially marked specimens are very rare and will command premium values if fully validated. It is known that a very small group of them (believed to be in this large 44-caliber “Army” size were issued to the 2nd and 3rd regiments of Michigan cavalry during the Civil War:
5A-060
| 5A-060 | Values—Good $1,000 | Fine $4,000 |
Allen & Wheelock Center Hammer Navy
Navy Model Center Hammer Percussion Revolver by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. 1861-1862; total quantity estimated 500 as with the Army Model, it is assumed the “serial” numbers more likely represent assembly numbers, hence quantity manufactured is very possibly larger than 500.
36 caliber. 6-shot round cylinder rebated at nipple end. 7-1/2" octagon barrel; also made in 5", 6", and 8" lengths. The 7-1/2" and 8" lengths are worth a 10 to 20 percent premium.
Walnut grips. Blued finish, with casehardened hammer and trigger guard.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK WORCESTER, MASS. U.S./ALLEN’S PT’S. JAN. 13, DEC. 15, 1857, SEPT. 7, 1858.
The center hammer model evolved from the Sidehammer series, and is believed to have been made after the Allen & Wheelock lipfire Army and Navy production. No government contracts were given for this model, but it is considered a martial piece by collectors:
5A-061
| 5A-061 | Values—Good $750 | Fine $3,000 |
Allen & Wheelock “Providence Police”
Providence Police (so-called) Model Center Hammer Percussion Revolver by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. late 1850s—early 1860s; total quantity about 700.
36 caliber. 5-shot round cylinder with rebated section at nipple end. Octagonal barrel standard at 3" or 4" length (5" barrels scarce and worth premium).
Walnut grips. Blued finish.
Serial (batch) numbered. Although these arms are all unmarked, they are decidedly the product of Allen & Wheelock and are so considered. Such features as the cylinder pin and gas deflector encircling the pin and the typical A& W styling can be observed in the frame, hammer, and cylinder configuration.
Collectors know this large caliber spur trigger revolver by the “Providence Police” name, as presumably specimens were made for use by the Providence, Rhode Island, police department, although no conclusive evidence exists to verify this fact. Variations have been noted in the single or two screw fastening of the sideplate:
5A-062
| 5A-062 | Values—Good $375 | Fine $1,250 |
Allen & Wheelock Center Hammer Lipfire Army
Army Model Center Hammer Lipfire Revolver, a.k.a.“2nd Model Lipfire,” by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. early 1860s; total quantity about 250.
44 lipfire. 6-shot round cylinder with notches for cartridge lips at rear wall. 7-1/2" half round, half octagon barrel.
Walnut grips. Two shapes to the grips/butts are known which constitute distinct variations. The most commonly encountered (as illustrated) known as the “narrow” grip is evenly tapered in contour; a rarely found shape known as the “flared” or “bell” type has the contour of grip widening noticeably at butt. Blued finish, with casehardened hammer and trigger guard.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK, WORCESTER, MASS. U.S./ALLEN’S PAT’S SEP. 7, NOV. 9, 1858.
Quite similar to the Army Model Center Hammer percussion revolver, the lipfire was contemporary, and likely would have continued except for a successful patent infringement against Allen & Wheelock by Smith & Wesson. Collectors sometimes erroneously confuse the lipfire Army as a conversion from percussion. It was actually manufactured prior to the percussion model. Although no government contracts were given for this model it is considered by collectors as a martial piece.
First Model. Loading gate hinged at top.
Narrow grip:
5A-063
| 5A-063 | Values—Good $1,100 | Fine $3,750 |
Flared grip:
| 5A-064 | Values—Good $1,400 | Fine $5,000 |
Second Model. Loading gate hinged at bottom.
Flared grip:
| 5A-065 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $3,500 |
Narrow grip:
| 5A-066 | Values—Good $875 | Fine $3,000 |
Allen & Wheelock Center Hammer Lipfire Navy
Navy Model Center Hammer Lipfire Revolver, a.k.a.“3rd Model Lipfire,” by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. early 1860s; total quantity about 500.
36 lipfire. 6-shot round cylinder with notches for cartridge lips at rear wall. 8" octagonal barrel; also made in 4", 5", and 6" lengths (7-1/2" reported).
Walnut grips. Blued finish, with casehardened hammer and trigger guard.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK WORCESTER, MASS. U.S./ALLEN’S PATENTS SEPT. 7, NOV. 9, 1858.
As with the Army Model Lipfire revolver, the Navy type was discontinued due to infringement pressure from Smith & Wesson. Collectors should not confuse the lipfires with conversions; in fact it appears that the lipfires predated Allen & Wheelock’s production of the percussion Center Hammer Army and Navy Revolvers. Although no government contracts were given for this model, it is considered by collectors as a martial piece. Variations as found in the Army Model have not been encountered on this model:
5A-067
| 5A-067 | Values—Good $750 | Fine $2,250 |
Allen & Wheelock Sidehammer Lipfire Pocket
Pocket Model Sidehammer Lipfire Revolver, (former term 1st Model Lipfire disused), by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. early 1860s; total quantity estimated at several hundred.
32 lipfire. 6-shot round cylinder with notches for cartridge lips at rear wall. Barrel lengths of 4", 5", and 6"; octagonal. Cylinder pin entering frame from front section of the barrel lug. Loading gate on frame is locked by long ratchet type (rack and pinion) loading lever unit affixed to left side of barrel just ahead of the cylinder. Variations have been noted in the plate on left side of breech of barrel covering the rack and pinion; early models have noticeable angular shape to right side and will bring a premium value; later, commonly encountered specimens, are evenly rectangular.
Serial numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK WORCESTER, MASS. U.S./ALLEN’S PATENTS SEPT. 7, NOV. 9, 1858, JULY 3, 1860. Specimens also known and worth premium bearing ETHAN ALLEN & CO. markings.
This rather unusual design featured the spur trigger combined with the sidehammer associated with percussion Allen & Wheelocks, and the cylinder, barrel lug, and cylinder pin arrangement associated with the Center Hammer percussion and lipfire models. This model was made in lipfire only, and is not to be confused with conversions:
5A-068
| 5A-068 | Values—Good $450 | Fine $1,750 |
Allen & Wheelock Center Hammer Lipfire Pocket Revolver
Pocket Model Center Hammer Lipfire Revolver, a.k.a.,“4th Model Lipfire,” by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. 1861-1863. Total quantity estimated less than 200.
25 caliber lipfire. 7-shot round cylinder with notches for cartridge lips at rear. Octagon 3" barrel. Easily distinguished by its solid frame, spur trigger contours and the small circular sideplate on left frame with the retaining screw off-center. Although one known specimen bears Allen & Wheelock markings (very rare), this model is normal and correct with the complete absence of makers markings:
5A-069
| 5A-069 | Values—Good $375 | Fine $1,150 |
COMMENTARY ABOUT A& W LIPFIRE REVOLVERS: Quite a few were converted after manufacture to accept rimfire (and in some instances, centerfire) cartridges. Alterations possible by A& W, but never proven; generally assumed such conversions were accomplished by parties unknown. Details about the various methods of conversion are best read in Ethan Allen and A& W: Their Guns by P. Henry (q.v.). Decidedly collectible,; their values usually lessened by 25 percent, often greater.
Allen 32 Sidehammer Rimfire Revolver
32 Sidehammer Rimfire Revolver by Allen & Wheelock and Ethan Allen & Co. Made c. 1859-1862; total quantity estimated over 1,000.
32 rimfire (with 6-shot cylinder). Barrel lengths from 2-7/8" to 5"; all barrels octagonal. Iron frame standard. A few specimens with brass frames are known and may be considered rare. It is believed they are to be found only on the Third Model.
Walnut grips. Blued finish.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK WORCESTER, MASS. U.S./ALLEN’S PATENTS SEPT. 7, NOV. 9, 1858. On the frame of most specimens made after this date: JULY 3, 1860. Cylinder scene of dogs chasing rabbit (often very lightly rolled) is observed on some, but not all specimens; usually encountered on earlier production only.
As with the 22 caliber Sidehammer series, the styling is typical of most Allen & Wheelock revolvers, and the cylinder pin usually enters from forward of the barrel lug. A number of variations will be found (classified into at least eight distinct types), but three basic variants are significant in terms of pricing. Some lesser details will affect price slightly. First and second models have the so-called “quick drop” shape to handle (see illustration) while the handle of third model noticeably arches more evenly, resembling the handle of the Smith & Wesson Model 2 Army. First and second models also have mortised front sights while most third models are often fitted with blade type sights.
First Model; identified by obtuse angle, rounded contoured profile at rear of topstrap (where hammer enters frame). Cylinder pins of button head type, secured by screw entering front of frame. Abrupt drop grip profile. Does not include the JULY 3, 1860 date stamping:
5A-070 First Model
| 5A-070 | Values—Good $275 | Fine $950 |
Second model; front of topstrap (over the cylinder) is bevelled (i.e. curved) gradually to meet barrel; rear of strap at right angle to hammer at its point of entry. JULY 3, 1860 date marking usually present on frame:
5A-071 Second Model
| 5A-071 | Values—Good $250 | Fine $850 |
Third model; front of topstrap machined down (narrower) and has concave slope to where it meets barrel. JULY 3, 1860 frame marking usually present. Later specimens have ETHAN ALLEN & CO. barrel markings, with 1858 and 1861 patent dates:
Long 1-1/8" cylinder type (as shown):
5A-072 Third Model
| 5A-072 | Values—Good $225 | Fine $675 |
Short 1" cylinder type:
| 5A-072.5 | Values—Good $200 | Fine $625 |
Allen 22 Sidehammer Rimfire Revolver
22 Sidehammer Rimfire Revolver made by Allen & Wheelock, Ethan Allen & Co. Made c. 1858-1865; total quantity estimated over 1,500.
22 rimfire; 7-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths from 2-1/4" to 4".
All barrels octagonal. Iron frame; a few specimens with brass frames and others with part octagon/part round barrels are known and may be considered quite rare.
Walnut grips. Blued finish.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK WORCESTER, MASS. U.S./ALLEN’S PATENTS SEPT. 7, NOV. 9, 1858. On the frame (on most specimens made after date): JULY 3, 1860. Cylinders on issues one through six are engraved with five circular panels depicting mounted rider, standing Indian (seal of Massachusetts), ship and other military trophy designs.
These distinctive sidehammer pistols feature the typical styling of most Allen & Wheelock revolvers, and the cylinder pin usually enters forward of the barrel lug. Quite a few variations will be found in these models, and eight distinct types are known. The most important of these are listed below. Many lesser variants will affect price slightly.
Quite a few of these side-hammer 22s are encountered in original factory wooden cases (usually with a panel inside bored to accept numerous rounds of rimfire cartridges...and value will at least double, often much more). There is also a very rare type of case made of Gutta-percha (usually black a.k.a. “hard rubber”) fitted especially for this model. The outer cover is designed with high relief scroll work.
Early model; cylinder pin of long, narrow, round shape entering from rear; hammer strikes to right of center; grip frame has comparatively sharp drop. Grooved topstrap for sighting. Scarce:
5A-073
| 5A-073 | Values—Good $275 | Fine $900 |
Second issue; with short button tip cylinder pin entering from front of frame with large retaining screw under forward section of frame, and hammer strikes at center; grooved topstrap for sighting; very scarce:
5A-074
| 5A-074 | Values—Good $300 | Fine $950 |
Third issue; rear entry cylinder pin with short projecting button tip; V-notch rear sight; beveled type frame; considered the scarcest type:
| 5A-075 | Values—Good $375 | Fine $1,000 |
Minor details identify the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh issues, values of which are about equal. Watch for front entry cylinder pin, V-notch rear sight at back section of topstrap, quick drop and later more gradually curving grip profile, and (Seventh Issue) name change in markings to Ethan Allen & Co:
5A-076
| 5A-076 | Values—Good $150 | Fine $500 |
Eighth issue; has bird’s head shape grips, small sideplate, and the Ethan Allen & Co. or E. Allen & Co. markings. It later was made under the Forehand and Wadsworth name:
5A-077
| 5A-077 | Values—Good $175 | Fine $450 |
Allen & Wheelock 32 Center Hammer S/S
32 Center Hammer Single Shot Pistol by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. early 1860s; total quantity between 500 and 1,000.
32 rimfire caliber. Full octagonal or part octagonal/part round barrel, usually of 4" or 5" length; pivots to the right for loading and found both with and without automatic ejection.
Walnut grips. Blued or nickel plated finish.
Serial (batch) numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK/WORCESTER, MASS.
An unusual deringer type pistol, the frame and hammer profiles show the Allen & Wheelock styling. The top of the recoil shield has a projecting lip which covers the breech of the barrel and fits at forward edge into a grooved recess near breech of barrel. Two distinct overhang or projecting lip sizes are noted: (a) the short lip which terminates at point where barrel is grooved; (b) the long lip which extends 1/4" beyond the barrel groove.
Part octagon/part round barrels (found with or without ejector):
Long overlap or lip:
| 5A-078 | Values—Good $225 | Fine $550 |
Short overlap or lip:
5A-079
| 5A-079 | Values—Good $250 | Fine $600 |
Made without lip:
| 5A-080 | Values—Good $175 | Fine $500 |
Octagon barrels (found with or without ejector);
Long overlap:
5A-081
| 5A-081 | Values—Good $225 | Fine $650 |
Short overlap:
| 5A-082 | Values—Good $250 | Fine $700 |
Made without overlap (Note: hammer profile should be identical to that shown for others of this model):
5A-083
| 5A-083 | Values—Good $275 | Fine $675 |
Allen 22 Center Hammer Single Shot
22 Center Hammer Single Shot Pistol. Made by Allen & Wheelock and E. Allen & Co., c. early 1860s. Total quantity limited. 22 rimfire caliber. Except for rare variation as noted below barrels are part round/part octagon varying from 2" to 5-1/2"; pivots to right for loading; with or without automatic ejection. Finish, serial markings as on 32 caliber size, but frames are smaller and with scooped out, flat sides. Known markings include ALLEN & WHEELOCK, E. ALLEN & CO.
Square butt style; iron frame only:
5A-084
| 5A-084 | Values—Good $175 | Fine $550 |
Bird’s head butt style; iron frame (brass scarce; will bring premium):
5A-085
| 5A-085 | Values—Good $150 | Fine $450 |
Early variation; full octagon barrel and rounded iron frame as seen on the 32 caliber style; observed with and without crowned muzzle; rare:
5A-086
| 5A-086 | Values—Good $325 | Fine $950 |
E. Allen & Co. Vest Pocket Deringer
22 Vest Pocket Single Shot Deringer by E. Allen & Co. c. 1869-1871. Total quantity estimated several thousand.
22 rimfire, breech loaded. Brass frame. 2" octagon/round barrel. Pivots to right for loading; made without extractor.
Serial (batch) numbered.
Walnut grips. Blued or plated barrel with brass frames bright.
Barrel marking E. ALLEN & CO. MAKERS.
One of smallest American made deringer type pistols; overall measures just 4":
5A-087
| 5A-087 | Values—Good $275 | Fine $750 |
E. Allen & Co. 32 Deringer
32 Deringer Pistol by E. Allen & Co. Made c.1865 to 1871. Total quantity very limited; believed less than the 41 Deringer.
32 rimfire breechloader. Part round/part octagon barrels with lengths known 2", 3-1/2" and 4" (barrel thicknesses vary also; both thin and thick walled); 6" barrel rare, worth premium. Pivots to the right for loading; automatic extraction.
Walnut grips; iron frame; bird’s head butt. Blued or plated finish. Brass frame rare; worth premium.
Serial numbered. Barrel markings: E. ALLEN & CO WORCESTER MASS./ALLEN’S PAT MCH.7. 1865. Large frame and handle size about same as the 41 Deringer but contours unique to this model. Very scarce:
5A-088
| 5A-088 | Values—Good $250 | Fine $650 |
E. Allen & Co. 41 Deringer
41 Deringer Pistol by E. Allen & Co. Made c. 1865-1871; total quantity very limited; estimated at under 2,000.
41 rimfire breechloader. Barrel part round, part octagon or full octagon, usually of 2-1/2" to 2-7/8" length. Pivots to the right for loading and automatic extraction.
Walnut grips. Blued or plated finish.
Serial numbered. Barrel marking: E. ALLEN & CO./WORCESTER MASS. and ALLEN’S PAT. MCH 7 1865.
First model; as above, with part round, part octagon barrel:
5A-089 First Model
| 5A-089 | Values—Good $675 | Fine $2,250 |
Second model; as above, but with octagon barrel; less often seen:
| 5A-090 | Values—Good $750 | Fine $2.500 |
Allen & Wheelock Single Shot Center Hammer Muzzle-Loading Rifle
Single Shot Muzzle-Loading Center Hammer Percussion Rifle by Allen & Wheelock (a.k.a. “No. 10 Inside Cock”). Made c. 1850s. Quantity unknown; very limited.
Made in various calibers and barrel lengths. Also made as a smoothbore shotgun.
Iron mountings; lock casehardened, the barrel browned. Wooden ramrod beneath barrel.
Walnut buttstock with crescent shaped buttplate; no forestock. Stock usual; earlier production had narrow iron forend.
Serial numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK.
A distinctive feature is the center hung hammer slightly offset to the right to allow for sighting, and the long integral iron frame extending full length of the wrist. Rare:
5A-091
| 5A-091 | Values—Good $450 | Fine $1,500 |
Allen Single Shot Sidehammer Muzzleloader
Single Shot Muzzle-Loading Sidehammer Percussion Rifle by Allen & Wheelock, Allen & Thurber, Allen Thurber & Co. Made c. 1840s into early 1860s. Total quantity estimated at a few hundred.
Various calibers; octagonal barrels, varying in length and weight, but generally around 28" to 32".
Iron mountings; lock area generally casehardened; the barrel browned.
Walnut buttstock, patchbox sometimes present. Buttplate usually crescent style, although shotgun type encountered. Iron or German silver forend. Wooden ramrod beneath barrel.
Serial numbered.
Markings known indicating manufacture by Allen & Wheelock, Allen & Thurber, and Allen Thurber & Co. Note that barrels were made available to the trade, and these will sometimes be observed retaining Allen markings, the balance of the weapon being by an individual gunsmith. A distinctive Allen feature is the metal frame extending back to form the straight grip. In arriving at an evaluation, consideration must be given not only to condition, but to quality of workmanship, sights, engraving (if present), patchbox. Values shown are for plain, unembellished specimens. This model may be encountered in a great many variations and varying degrees of decoration (i.e., engraving) with special sights or buttplates, false muzzle, patchbox, etc., all of which will affect value upwards, with considerable increases for elaborate, fine condition specimens:
5A-092
| 5A-092 | Values—Good $600 | Fine $2,750 |
Allen Combination Rifle-Shotgun
Combination Rifle-Shotgun, with Side-by-Side or Over-Under Barrels by Allen & Thurber, and Allen Thurber & Co., Allen & Wheelock and E. Allen & Co. Percussion muzzle-loader. Made c. 1840s into the late 1860s; total quantity limited.
Caliber/gauge combinations known include what may be the standard, 38 caliber and 12 gauge. Barrel lengths about 28" to 34".
Iron mountings.
Walnut buttstock and forend, patchbox may be present. Wooden ramrod beneath barrel.
Serial numbered. Barrel rib markings of the four types as indicated above.
These arms are very scarce and very little information is known or recorded about them. Values shown are for plain specimens. As with the preceding single shot percussion rifle, any embellishments or accessories will alter price upwards:
Side-by-Side:
| 5A-093 | Values—Good $875 | Fine $3,500 |
Over/Under:
5A-094
| 5A-094 | Values—Good $1,100 | Fine $4,000 |
Allen & Wheelock Sidehammer Breechloader
Breech-Loading Sidehammer Percussion Rifle by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. 1855-1860; total quantity less than 500.
36 to 50 caliber. Barrel lengths vary; part round, part octagon. The breech mechanism often known as the “FAUCET” or “TAP” breech, due to the lever opening device’s resemblance to a water faucet. Takedown feature apparently standard on all models. Takedown bolt on underside of frame.
Iron mountings; lock casehardened, the barrel browned.
Walnut stocks, with earlier specimens sometimes having patchbox.
Serial numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK/ALLEN’S PATENT JULY 3, 1855. Also marked AT & CO. inside the lockplate.
This quite distinctive rifle is further evidence of the tremendous versatility of Allen. The unusual breechloader is encountered in many different variations of style and quality, all of which will affect value upwards and add premiums; a number of fine engraved specimens have also been encountered. At least one of these “tap actions” is known as a military model carbine with a number of distinctive features not seen on others. It is assumed made for military trials of the post-Civil War era; documentary evidence has yet to surface:
5A-095
| 5A-095 | Values—Good $750 | Fine $3,500 |
Allen Thurber & Co. Other Rifles and Shotguns
Other Allen Thurber & Co. Rifles and Shotguns.
An Allen Thurber & Co. advertisement of c. 1854-1856 notes the company was manufacturing (among other products) “Double Rifles, Double Rifle and Shot, Single and Double Shot Guns.” The collector may expect therefore to locate some specimens within those categories not covered in the present volume. Specimens of percussion single barrel and side by side double barrel shotguns are illustrated in the Mouillesseaux and Henry books, but at present very little data is available. An approximate value guide can be gained by consideration of figures given for more common types, bearing in mind that usually single barrel percussion shotguns were a mass market item, and thus generally of comparatively low value.
As with other Allen rifles and shotguns, these types may be found in various qualities, grades of workmanship and extra embellishments, all of which will affect values upwards depending on their importance to the gun. Values reflected below are for plainest grades.
Side lock double barrel 12 gauge percussion shotgun: 26" damascus barrels. Broad scroll engraving on locks and hammers. Each lock marked E. ALLEN & CO. MAKERS. One-piece walnut stock with checkered wrist. Also made in 16 gauge and worth small premium:
5A-096
| 5A-096 | Values—Good $400 | Fine $1,250 |
Iron frame, sidehammer double barrel 10 gauge and 12 gauge percussion shotgun: Rounded iron frame with protruding square take down bolt (requires wrench) on underside. 30" and 32" damascus barrels. Marked on center rib of barrels ALLEN & WHEELOCK/WORCESTERor ALLEN & THURBER/WORCESTER. Two-piece walnut stock and forend:
5A-097
| 5A-097 | Values—Good $350 | Fine $1,000 |
Allen Thurber & Co. Whaling Gun
Large, heavy percussion, muzzle-loading whaling gun for shoulder firing whale harpoon or an explosive whale bomb lance (the latter most often used.) c. 1854-1856. Quantity unknown; extremely rare.
Known recorded specimens with 1-1/8" bore; thick wall 22" part octagon/round barrel (outside diameter at muzzle 2"); iron frame with side hammer; 38" overall; weight 24 pounds. Walnut stock; iron buttplate. No provision made for ramrod. Marked on barrel ALLEN THURBER & CO / WORCESTER. and NO. 2 / CAST STEEL.
Further research may reveal an intriguing story. The most widely made and used of this style bomb lance guns were those of C. C. Brand of Norwich, Conn., whose whaling guns are unmarked (q.v.). His best known has an heavy, iron, skeleton stock cast integral with the frame; the earliest attributed to him has a walnut stock and closely similar (with but minor variation) to ALLEN’S WHALING GUN(etc.) WITH IMPROVEMENTS BY C.C. BRAND. The use of that name may be mere coincidence as it refers to Oliver Allen of Norwich, Conn. inventor of a bomb lance in 1846, believed to have first designed the gun.
C.C. Brand guns were sold in three sizes, the “No. 1” with 7/8" bore; “No. 2” 1-1/8" bore; “No. 3” 1-1/4" bore; weights varying accordingly. Thus far only the No.2 size has been recorded for the ALLEN THURBER & CO.marked gun:
5A-097.3
| 5A-097.3 | Values—Good $4,500 | Fine $7,500 |
Allen Thurber & Co. Punt or Market Hunter’s Gun
Massive size, percussion, muzzle-loading half stock fowling piece made by Allen Thurber & Co. c.1854-1856. Quantity unknown but would have been extremely limited. Very rare.
Known, recorded specimen 4 gauge; 35" part octagon/round barrel. Unique, massive 7-1/4" lockplate (illus. shows standard lock next to gun for comparison); weight 18 lbs. Marked on both the barrel and lock ALLEN THURBER & CO / WORCESTER:
5A-097.5
| 5A-097.5 | Values—Good $1,750 | Fine $4,000 |
Allen Drop Breech Rimfire Rifle
Drop Breech Single-Shot Rimfire Rifle (a.k.a. “Falling Block Rifle”) by Allen & Wheelock, Ethan Allen & Co. Made c. 1860-1870s; total quantity estimated at 1,500 - 2,000.
Variety of rimfire calibers 22 through 44 (a number of these viewed with later conversions to centerfire). Both the smallest and largest calibers scarcer and usually bring premium values. Varying length barrels (usually part octagon/part round) 23 to 28 inches average; others known. Iron frame standard (brass frames extremely rare and worth substantial premium). Two frame sizes; largest calibers (usually 42 and 44 RF on larger frame). Sides of frames observed with flat or rounded configurations. Some specimens of both size frames were fitted with a simple take-down feature whereby barrel could be easily separated from frame and removed (by a small pin easily knocked out on frame; larger frames on later production with a tapered square-headed screw). Trigger guard acts as lever to open breech and eject cartridge; hammer cocked manually. Rear sight lever mounted on left side of frame with lever to manually elevate or lower; graduated numeral markings to pre-set. Sights on late manufacture replace with leaf type.
Iron mountings; blued barrel; case hardened frame, hammer and trigger guard.
Walnut buttstock and forend observed with many variations; some fitted with sling swivels and metal forend caps.
Serial numbered. Barrel marking: ALLEN & WHEELOCK/ALLEN’S PAT. SEPT. 18, 1860; or E. ALLEN & CO./WORCESTER MASS/ALLEN’S PATENT. SEPT. 18, 1860.
The hammer profile and trigger guard operation show the distinct styling of certain Allen & Wheelock arms. Short barreled, large caliber specimens with sling swivels are often considered by collectors as a secondary martial type carbine, and bring a slightly higher value as do takedown models. Quite a few of this type are found with the FOREHAND & WADSWORTH markings; prices will be approximately the same as Allen marked specimens. This well-known Allen rifle is encountered in many different qualities and grades including engraved specimens, fancy wood and checkering; varying buttplates, etc. Values adjusted upwards depending on the embellishments and quality of engraving. Much information and illustrations of variations and qualities of the “Drop Breech” rifle in the P. Henry work; see Biblio.):
5A-098
| 5A-098 | Values—Good $325 | Fine $1,200 |
Rifle with special “Allen Patent 1860” (marked) rotary disk tang peep sight:
| 5A-098.5 | Values—Good $475 | Fine $1,400 |
Allen & Wheelock Lipfire Revolving Rifle
Lipfire Revolving Rifle by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. 1861-1863; total estimated less than 100.
44 lipfire. 6-shot round cylinder with cuts to allow projection of lip at breech for firing. Barrel length approximately 26" to 28", round with octagon breech section.
Iron mountings; blued, with casehardened frame, hammer, and trigger guard. Walnut buttstock and forend; note crescent shaped buttplate. Trigger guard operates the ejector rod for cartridges.
Serial numbered. The few specimens known do not bear marker’s markings.
Based on the Army Model Center Hammer Lipfire revolver, Allen & Wheelock was attempting to add still another variation of firearm to their diverse line. The result for today’s collector was one of the scarcest of revolving rifles:
5A-099
| 5A-099 | Values—Good $5,500 | Fine $20,000 |
Allen & Wheelock Percussion Revolving Rifle
Percussion Revolving Rifle by Allen & Wheelock. Made c. 1861-1863. Estimated less than 20.
44 caliber percussion. 6-shot. 26" and 28" round barrels known, but lengths can vary. Rammer operated by moving forward the trigger guard. Variations noted in few known specimens and all are considered as experimental pieces.
On the few specimens known no maker’s markings appear. Very rare:
5A-100
| 5A-100 | Values—Good $8,000 | Fine $22,500 |
Allen “Hinge-Breech” Double Shotgun
Breech-Loading Double Barrel “Hinge-Breech” Shotgun by Ethan Allen & Co. Made c. 1865-1871; quantity estimated at several hundred or more.
10, or 12 gauge; barrel lengths about 28" (an 8 gauge reported and would be rare). These unusual arms, covered by Allen patents of 1865 and 1868, had the novel feature of a trapdoor breech fitted with a locking lever/handle.
Serial numbered. Breech trapdoor marked ETHAN ALLEN & CO./WORCESTER, MASS. On barrels: FINE LAMINATED STEEL.
Walnut stocks, checkered.
Produced in three grades, the pricing provided herein is based on the standard, lowest production type, which will be rather plain, and lacking the fancy features of deluxe engraving and checkering as found on the best grade pieces. An unusual accessory, and extreme rarity if proven original, is a steel chamber insert or short (auxiliary) rifled barrel for use in this piece allowing for the use of rifle cartridges:
5A-101
| 5A-101 | Values—Good $450 | Fine $1,500 |
(*) Preceding a title indicates the book is currently in print.
