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ОглавлениеColt Single Action Army Revolver
Single Action Army Revolver. A legendary American gun. Contracted and issued in large quantities by the U.S. Army during the Indian Wars; widely carried in the “golden days of the old west” by the most illustrious of lawmen and most notorious of outlaws. A.k.a. “Peacemaker”, “Frontier Six-Shooter”, “Equalizer”, “Hog-leg”, “Thumb-buster” and more recently “First Generation” for pre-World War II production 1873-1940 (included here); popularly known as merely the “Single Action” among collectors. “Second Generation” (1956-1978) and “Third Generation” (1978-present) types are easily recognized by large letters “SA” after serials or letter-number combinations on commemoratives and custom guns. (Post-WWII types not covered.) Total quantity, including Flattop Target model and Bisley Model (both numbered in same range) 357,859 of which 310,386 were this standard model. (Those under No. 182,000 (approx.) made prior to Dec. 31, 1898.)
Most popular calibers for collectors are 45 (150,683 made); 44-40 (64,489 made). Other popular calibers: 41 (16,402 made); 38-40 (38,240); 32-20 (29,812 made).
Other scarce and rare calibers with respective quantities follow. Values and premiums are usually in direct relation to quantity produced: (except where noted all are centerfire) 22 RF (107); 32 RF (1); 32 Colt (192); 32 S& W (32); 32-44 (2); 38 Colt (1,011); 38 Colt (up to 1914 1,011); 38 Colt (after 1922 1,365); 38 S& W (9); 38 Colt Special (820); 38 S& W Special (25); 38-44 (2); 357 Magnum (525); 380 Eley (1); 44 Smoothbore (15); 44 RF (1,863); 44 German (59); 44 Russian (154); 44 S& W (24); 44 S& W Special (506); 45 Smoothbore (4); 45 Auto (44); 450 Boxer (729); 450 Eley (2,697); 455 Eley (1,150); 476 Eley (161).
Barrel lengths were standard in 4-3/4", 5-1/2", and 7-1/2". Lengths listed in the Colt serial ledgers run from 2-1/2" on up to 16". Ejector rod standard, mounted on the right side of the barrel.
Long barreled Colts with attachable, skeleton-type Colt made shoulder stocks are commonly called “Buntline Specials” after the legendary Dime Novel author Ned Buntline. He allegedly had five made for presentation to Dodge City lawmen, a story debunked by critical arms and Western students. Some special order Single Actions with varying long length barrels were made and attachable shoulder stocks could be separately purchased from Colt for them (or any Single Action). All are considered rare. Though these types have acquired the nickname of “Buntline Special,” the so-called “true” Buntline is a special flat top single action in the serial range of 28800 through 28830, with folding leaf rear sight and barrel length varying from 10" to 16". Considered an extreme rarity. All of those long barreled models with stocks fetch values far in excess of those shown here but each must be valued on its own individual merit and unique features.
Grip types vary, beginning with walnut (either oil stained or varnished), and changing to eagle and shield pattern hard rubber at the serial range about 75000. At the range about 165000 these were succeeded by rampant colt hard rubber without the eagle and shield design. A variety of special grips were available, particularly in ivory and pearl, sometimes carved; quantities, however, were relatively limited.
Finish was standard blued, the frame and hammer casehardened. Nickel plating was fairly common. Silver, gold, and other finishes could be ordered, but are scarce.
Serial numbering began with 1 and continued through 357859. The only exception to the sequence was the special 44 Rimfire Model, which is considered individually below. Barrel address markings went through two standard types: +COLT’S PT. F.A. MFG. Co. HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A.+ (serial range 1 to approximately 24000). Slanted, italic markings. COLT’S PT. F.A. MFG. Co. HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A.(serial range 24000 to end of production; in single line on barrels of 5-1/2" and longer).
Patent date markings were on the left sides of the frames. The sequence was as follows: Two line marking of 1871 and 1872 dates (beginning of production through about 34000). Three line marking of 1871, 1872, and 1875 dates (34000—about 135000). Two line marking of 1871, 1872, and 1875 dates (135000 to end of production). A rampant colt trademark was stamped next to the patent dates, beginning at about the 130000 range, and continued in slightly varying formats through the end of manufacture.
The stamping of serial numbers on cylinders ceased about 120000; no serial appeared on that part thereafter. Around 144000 Colt introduced the transverse, spring-loaded catch for the cylinder pin (located on the front of the frame just below barrel) to replace the cylinder pin retaining screw. Generally believed to be the demarcation of the use of black powder loads for smokeless, high pressure loads, it should be specifically noted that such is not the case! By 180000 (October, 1898) Colt warned against the use of smokeless powder and continued to do so until early 1900 (approx. 192000) when they first stated their smokeless guarantee.
Most caliber markings appeared on the left side of the barrel; excepting the early production (up through about the 130000 serial range), where marks were usually on the trigger guard area.
The variety of other marks classified is extensive, and includes government inspector and proof stampings, Colt factory inspector stamps, serial numbering, various inscriptions (e.g., W.F. & Co.), etc., etc.
Caution: Since 1981 there have appeared on the market a number of extremely clever, well-made, completely spurious Colt single-action FAKES of the martially marked 45 caliber model and the 44/40 caliber with the etched barrel panel. Other fake single action rarities will undoubtedly show up, too. Close scrutiny is mandatory when acquiring these types; bills-of-sale from the seller with guarantees of authenticity should be obtained.
Classification of these famous Colt single actions, and the identification of their myriad of variants is so extensive that there are currently 15 books specifically dealing with the subject. Quite a few of those works are of major significance to understanding them (see Bibliography this chapter).
BASIC VARIATIONS AND THEIR VALUES:
Early production revolvers, 45 caliber, 7-1/2" barrel, with so-called “pinched frame” (constriction in the topstrap to form the rear sight), and slanted barrel address (serial range about 1 to 100):
5B-136
| 5B-136 | Values—Good $27,500 | Fine $110,000 |
Early Martially Marked Model, 7-1/2" barrel with slanted address markings (most of the first 24,000 pistols produced), in 45 caliber, with U.S. markings and inspector stampings:
| 5B-137 | Values—Good $5,000 | Fine $40,000 |
Standard models above the serial range 24000 to end of production; common calibers, e.g., 45, 44-40, 38-40, 32-20, etc. Longer barrel lengths and largest calibers in greater demand and tend to bring higher values. Those made for smokeless powder (after c. 1898) to end of production tend to bring lesser values than indicated:
| 5B-138 | Values—Good $1,500 | Fine $5,000 | Exc. $10,000 |
Rare calibers: Depending on the quantity produced of each specific caliber (and, of course, condition) prices of this model can increase from 50 percent to 500 percent.
Civilian arms with the early slanted barrel address, 45 caliber, 7-1/2" barrels (no U.S. government markings):
| 5B-139 | Values—Good $2,500 | Fine $9,500 |
U.S. martially marked revolvers with conventional barrel address, 7-1/2", 45 caliber, government inspector markings:
| 5B-140 | Values—Good $3,750 | Fine $11,500 |
Springfield Armory and Colt factory refinished U.S. martially marked revolvers with 5-1/2" barrels; so called ARTILLERY MODEL. Three variations: TYPE I all mixed serial numbers; TYPE II barrel number mismatched, other numbers match, worth small premium; TYPE III all matching numbers, very scarce, worth premium:
| 5B-141 | Values—Good $1,750 | Fine $6,000 |
Made for British Market with Pall Mall London address markings:
| 5B-142 | Values—Good $1,400 | Fine $5,000 |
44 rimfire series, individual serial range of from 1 to about 1800, 44 Henry caliber, made c. 1875-80, majority with 7-1/2" barrels:
| 5B-143 | Values—Good $4,750 | Fine $35,000 |
22 rimfire series, 7-1/2" barrel. Total 107 made (flat-top model not included); 90 of these utilized frames and some parts of the 44 r.f. series (q.v.) with serial numbers in the 44 r.f. special range 1 - 1800; others fall mostly in serial range 135000. 22 CAL marked on side of trigger guard:
| 5B-143.2 | Values—Good $4,500 | Fine $27,500 |
44-40 revolvers with etched COLT FRONTIER SIX SHOOTER barrel marking (left side); within serial range about 21000 to about 130000:
| 5B-144 | Values—Good $2,000 | Fine $10,500 |
Sheriff’s or Storekeeper’s Model. Made without ejector rod or ejector housing. Right forward side of frame made without provision for the ejector housing. 4" barrel most commonly encountered with majority of other barrel lengths from 2-1/2" to 4-3/4" and a small group with 7-1/2". Various calibers:
5B-145
| 5B-145 | Values—Good $5,000 | Fine $30,000 |
Wells Fargo & Company revolvers, bearing the W.F. & Co. markings on the butt, and documented by Colt factory ledgers, 45 caliber, usually 5-1/2" barrels:
| 5B-146 | Values—Very Good $5,000 | Exc. $12,500 |
Long fluted cylinder model, made in the serial range 330001 -331480, to use up double action cylinders:
| 5B-147 | Values—Very Good $2,500 | Exc. $7,500 |
(Note: Among the important details affecting collector valuations are calibers, barrel lengths, special markings, variations in sights, frames, ejector rods, hammers, cylinder pin locking devices and grips. The number of variants catalogued by collectors is very extensive. Fortunately the Colt factory ledgers are nearly complete for this model. The collector should perform careful and thorough research on rare and/or high value pieces prior to acquisition.)
Colt Flattop Target Model Single Action Army
Flattop Target Model Single Action Army. Made c. 1888 to about 1896; a few in later years; total quantity approximately 925.
Values shown are for following calibers and quantities known made of each: 22 RF (107); 38 Colt (122); 41 (91); 45 (100); 450 Boxer (89); 450 Eley (84).
Premiums usually added to rarer calibers: 32 Colt (24); 32 S& W (30); 32-44 (9); 32-20 (30); 38 S& W (39); 38 Colt Special (7); 38-44 (11); 380 Eley (3); 38-40 (19); 44 Russian (51); 44 S& W (51); 44 S& W Special (51); 44-40 (21); 455 Eley (37); 476 Eley (2).
7-1/2" barrel standard. Variants known, most prominent being the mis-named “Buntline Specials.”
Grips of checkered hard rubber; checkered walnut also available. Metal parts blued, with casehardened hammers.
Serial number markings within the range of about 127000 -162000, with a few in higher ranges; numbered in the sequence of the Single Action Army. Barrel marking: COLT’S PT. F.A.MFG.CO HARTFORD, CT.U.S.A. Frame markings of 2-line 1871, 1872, and 1875 patent dates and the rampant colt were standard. Caliber markings on left side of the barrel for most of the production.
A highly prized variation of the Single Action Army, the identifying details are the flattop frame with rear sight dovetailed into position, the removable sight insert in the front sight post, and the lack of a groove in the topstrap. Colt serial ledgers indicate that a wide range of variation exists in the Flattop Single Action series, notably in sights, calibers, and—to a lesser extent—in barrel lengths.
Standard model, blued finish, 7-1/2" barrel:
5B-148
| 5B-148 | Values—Very Good $4,250 | Exc. $11,500 |
Model for British market. Barrel has regular COLT/HARTFORD one line markings with addition of DEPOT 14, PALL MALL LONDON:
| 5B-148.5 | Values—Very Good $3,750 | Exc. $10,500 |
Rare calibers and variations: As with the standard single action, there are many calibers considered either scarce or rare. Prices can increase 50 percent to 500 percent depending on relative rarity and quantities produced of other calibers. Reference works should be consulted for verifying such facts. Variations in barrel lengths other than 7-1/2", unusual finishes, grips or London barrel markings will demand a premium value on this model.
Colt Bisley Model Single Action Army Revolver
Bisley Model Single Action Army Revolver. Made c. 1894-1915; the total production approximately 44,350 (not including an additional 976 in the Flattop Target model).
Values shown are for most often encountered calibers and respective quantities: 32-20 (13,291); 38-40 (12,163); 41(3,159); 44-40 (6,803); 45 (8,005).
Premiums usually added to rarer calibers: 32 Colt (160); 32 S& W (18); 32-44 (14); 38 Colt (412); 38 S& W (10); 38 S& W Special (2); 38-44 (6); 44 Smoothbore (1); 44 Russian (90); 44 S& W (29); 45 Smoothbore (2); 450 Eley (5); 455 Eley (180).
Standard barrel lengths 4-3/4", 5-1/2", 7-1/2"; also known with 3", 3-1/2", 4" lengths not fitted with ejector housing; rare; worth premium. Various custom lengths known; very rare.
Grips of checkered hard rubber with rampant colt decor. Metal parts blued, with casehardened frame and hammer.
Serial numbered within the range of 156300 - 331916, in the sequence of the Single Action Army. Barrel marking: COLT’S PT.F.A.MFG.CO. HARTFORD,CT.U.S.A. Frame markings of 2-line 1871, 1872, and 1875 patent dates and the rampant colt were standard. Caliber markings on left side of the barrel, accompanied by: (BISLEY MODEL). The Bisley is one of the few Colt revolvers to be stamped with its model designation.
Easy identification of the Bisley is made by its name marked on the barrel. Other points of identification include: the hunchbacked backstrap and grip profile, the low profile wide spur hammer, and large trigger guard bow. Source of the name was the shooting ground in England at which Great Britain’s national target matches have been held since the nineteenth century. Despite its target design, the Bisley proved a popular firearm for other purposes, and occasionally specimens can be seen in faded photographs from the American frontier. Sales were good in England, but most Bisleys were bought by American customers. Black powder models are scarce. In lesser condition grades they tend to bring 10 percent to 20 percent premium while in “EXC” and better they may bring up to 50 percent premium.
Standard model, blued and casehardened finish:
5B-149
| 5B-149 | Values—Good $850 | Fine $2,500 |
Model for British market. Barrel has regular COLT/HARTFORD one line markings with addition of DEPOT 14, PALL MALL LONDON:
| 5B-149.5 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $2,500 |
Rare calibers and variations: As with the single action model, many calibers are considered either scarce or rare. Prices can increase 50 percent to 500 percent depending on relative rarity and quantities produced of other calibers. Colt references should be consulted to verify such facts. Variations in barrel lengths other than the three basic sizes, or unusual finishes, grips, London markings will demand a premium value.
Colt Bisley Model Flattop Target Revolver
Bisley Model Flattop Target Revolver. Made c. 1894 to 1913; total produced about 976.
Values shown for the following calibers and respective quantities: 32-20 (131); 38 Colt (96); 38-40 (98); 44-40 (78); 45 (97); 455 Eley (196).
Premiums usually added for rarer calibers: 32 Colt (44); 32 S& W (17); 32-44 (17); 38 S& W (5); 38-44 (47); 41 (24); 44 German (62); 44 S& W (64).
Standard barrel length 7-1/2"; custom lengths known; very rare.
Grips of checkered hard rubber; with checkered walnut also available. Metal parts blued, with casehardened hammers.
Serial numbered within the range 156300 - 325000; within the sequence of the Single Action Army. Barrel marking: COLT’S PT.F.A.MFG.CO. HARTFORD,CT.U.S.A. Frame markings of 2-line 1871, 1872, and 1875 patent dates and the rampant colt were standard. Caliber markings on left side of the barrel, accompanied by: (BISLEY MODEL).
In addition to the features standard to the Bisley model, the Target Model features the flattop frame with rear sight dovetailed into position, the removable sight insert in the front sight post, and the lack of a groove in the topstrap. A fair degree of variation has been noted in the Bisley Flattop group, reflecting the particular interests of target shooters.
Standard model, blued finish, 7-1/2" barrel:
5B-150
| 5B-150 | Values—Very Good $3,750 | Exc. $10,000 |
Model for British market. Barrel has regular COLT/HARTFORD markings with addition of DEPOT 14, PALL MALL LONDON:
| 5B-150.5 | Values—Very Good $3,750 | Exc. $8,500 |
Rare calibers and variations: See note regarding same on the standard Bisley single action. Identical price increase will apply in the matter of rare calibers, odd barrel lengths other than the standard 7-1/2", finishes, grips or London markings.
Colt House and Cloverleaf Model Revolvers
House Model Revolver. Manufactured c. 1871-76; total quantity of 9,952. Serial numbering began with 1 and continued through the highest number. More popularly known among collectors as the “Jim Fisk model” due to its infamous use by a blackmailer to murder the notorious financier-playboy Jim Fisk in January, 1872 in New York City. The sordid affair over a woman received much attention of the news media of the era.
41 rimfire caliber (short or long ctg.). Basic types categorized as follows:
4-shot cylinder model, known as the Cloverleaf (due to the four-leaf clover appearance of the cylinder from front or rear), was made in 1-1/2" and 3" barrel lengths. Most of the production (totaling 7,500 pieces) were of the 4-shot type, and the majority of these had 3" barrels; these were marked: COLT’S HOUSE PISTOL/HARTFORD CT. U.S.A. The left side of 1-1/2" barrels bore: COLT.
5-shot cylinder model (with straight, non-fluted cylinder), known as the House Pistol, was made only in a 2-5/8" barrel length. Total production was about 2,150, with serial numbers above the 6100 range. Distinctive marking is in the topstrap groove: PAT. SEPT. 19. 1871.
Grips of both 4- and 5-shot pistols were varnished walnut or rosewood. Standard finish of frames nickel plated or plain, the balance of major parts nickel plated or blued. Brass frames on all models.
Major variations are:
Cloverleaf Model, with 1-1/2" round barrel; 4-shot cylinder; ejector rod is contained within the cylinder center pin and is removable for use, without necessity to remove cylinder (octagon barrel rare; worth 25 percent to 50 percent more):
| 5B-151 | Values—Good $825 | Fine $2,750 |
Cloverleaf Model, with 3" round barrel; 4-shot cylinder.
5B-152
| 5B-152 | Values—Good $450 | Fine $1,250 |
House Model, standard 2-5/8" barrel, 5-shot cylinder. The cylinder pin was in combination with the ejector, necessitating removal of the cylinder in order to eject ctgs.
5B-153
| 5B-153 | Values—Good $400 | Fine $1,100 |
Colt First Model Deringer
First Model Deringer (actual Colt terminology). Made c. 1870-90; total production about 6,500.
41 rimfire caliber. Single shot. 2-1/2" barrel, pivoting down and to the left for loading.
All steel construction, without wooden grips. Barrel standard either blued, or nickel or silver plated; the frames nickel or silver plated. A few with solid silver frames/handles are known (made on special order). Extremely rare and worth considerable premium.
Serial numbered in its own range, beginning with 1 and continuing through approximately 6500. Barrel marking: COLT’S PT.F.A.MFG.CO/ HARTFORD CT. U.S.A./NO 1. 41 CAL may be found beneath barrel release button, on right side of the frame. Scroll engraving standard, and this was one of the very few Colt arms issued with that feature on the complete production. (a plain, unengraved specimen considered a rarity!)
The model was based on the design of the National No. 1 Deringer, and was the first single shot pistol made by the Colt company. The National Arms Company (original mfrs. of this pistol) was purchased in its entirety by Colt in 1870.
5B-154
| 5B-154 | Values—Good $625 | Fine $2,750 |
Colt Second Model Deringer
Second Model Deringer (actual Colt terminology). Made c. 1870-90; in total quantity of about 9,000.
41 rimfire caliber. Single shot. 2-1/2" barrel, pivoting down and to the left for loading. Approximately 200 reportedly made in caliber 41 centerfire (very rare: worth premium if authenticated).
Checkered and varnished walnut grips. Barrel standard either blued, or nickel or silver plated; the frames nickel or silver plated. A few with solid silver frames (made on special order) are known. Extremely rare and valuable.
Serial numbered in its own range, beginning with 1 and continuing through approximately 9000. Barrel marking: COLT’S PT.F.A.MFG.CO/HARTFORD CT. U.S.A./NO 2. 41 CAL may be found beneath barrel release button, on right side of the frame. Scroll engraving standard, and the No. 2 was among the very few Colt arms issued with that feature on the complete production.
Quickly identifiable by the NO 2 marking on top of the barrel, and from the presence of grips. Design source for this model was the National No. 2 Deringer (q.v.).
Major variations are:
Standard model, the frame of iron, varnished and checkered walnut grips:
5B-155
| 5B-155 | Values—Good $550 | Fine $2,000 |
Early model, (first 200) frame of iron, varnished and checkered walnut grips, the barrel marking: ADDRESS COL.COLT/HARTFORD CT. U.S.A.:
| 5B-156 | Values—Good $1,000 | Fine $3,250 |
Brass frame model. A few with brass frames and the First Type barrel markings are known (rare and worth premium); they appear in the serial 1500 range. More often encountered are brass frames in the serial range 2500 with the second type marks:
| 5B-156.5 | Values—Good $900 | Fine $3,250 |
41 Centerfire Model. Likely less than 200 were chambered for centerfire; most being sold through Colt’s London agency. Standard iron frame type with special C.F. hammer and round recoil plate:
| 5B-157 | Values—Good $1,250 | Fine $3,750 |
Colt Third Model Deringer
Third Model Deringer (collector terminology; also known as the “Thuer”). Made c. 1870 - 1912; the production total approximately 48,000. Yearly production quantities and serial ranges unknown.
41 rimfire caliber. Single shot. 2-1/2" barrel, pivoting to the right for loading.
Varnished walnut grips. Blued barrels, the bronze frames nickel or silver plated. Plating not uncommon on the barrels as well.
Serial numbered in its own range, beginning with 1 and continuing through approximately 48,000. Barrel marking: -COLT - in italics for most of the production, but in tiny block letters for the first 200 pistols. 41 CAL usually stamped on left side of the frame. Unlike the No. 1 and No. 2 Deringer pistols, engraving was not standard on the Third Model series.
Identifiable by their 41 caliber and the barrel pivoting sideways.
Intermittently since 1959 the Colt factory has manufactured 22 caliber versions of the Third Model, but a 41 caliber pistol has not been re-introduced. The Third or Thuer Deringer outsold by nearly three times its No. 1 and No. 2 companions.
(Note: A premium added if the rampant colt and C marking present on the frame, or for Colt London Agency markings, or chambered for 41 centerfire.)
First type, earliest production: Quickly distinguished by the relief bolster (raised area) through which the barrel screw is fitted on the forward, underside of the frame. Barrel markings -COLT - (in tiny block letters). Short, high hammer spur. Serial number range approx. 1 to 200:
5B-158 First Type
| 5B-158 | Values—Good $1,450 | Fine $6,500 |
First type, later production: As above with the raised bolster on forward section of frame, high hammer spur but with - COLT -in large italic letter markings on the barrel (the same as found on the standard last model). Serial approx. 200 to 2,000:
| 5B-159 | Values—Good $725 | Fine $2,600 |
Standard Model: Distinguished by the absence of the raised bolster on forward frame. Earlier production has the short high hammer; later production with a sloping hammer and a more moderate curve to the handle. (On medium and lower conditioned specimens, values usually the same for either type. In top grades of condition the short, high hammer spur style brings a small premium.) Markings - COLT - (in large italic letters on barrel). Varnished walnut grips, plated frame and blued or plated barrel:
5B-160 Standard Model with sloping hammer
| 5B-160 | Values—Good $275 | Fine $650 |
Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver
Open Top Pocket Model Revolver. Made c. 1871-77; total production of about 114,200.
22 Short or Long rimfire caliber. 7-shot cylinder. 2-3/8" and 2-7/8" barrel lengths.
Grips of varnished walnut. Blued or nickel plated cylinders and barrels: the brass frames nickel plated. Silver plating (on frame) not uncommon.
Serial numbered in its own range, beginning with 1 and continuing through to end of production. Barrel markings in four distinct variations of: COLT’S PT. F.A. MFG. CO/HARTFORD CT. U.S.A. Stamped on left side of frame: 22 CAL.
A distinct type due to the open top frame, the barrel and cylinder easily removed by releasing the pivoting latch, the spur trigger, and the 7-shot non-fluted cylinder with the stop slots near the muzzle end. The Open Top 22 had an excellent sales record, but success was cut short due to the flood of the market by cheap pistols known to collectors as “suicide specials.”
A rare variation (worth premium value) known on very early, low numbered specimens, has circular, tapered firing pin which enters frame through a circular hole (vs. usual thin flat plate firing pin which fits through matching narrow slot at top of frame).
Major variations are:
Early production having 2-3/8" or 2-7/8" (worth premium) barrel with ejector; high spur hammer most often encountered:
5B-161
| 5B-161 | Values—Very Good $550 | Exc. $1,500 |
Standard model, 2-3/8" barrel length without ejector rod; with high spur hammer:
5B-162
| 5B-162 | Values—Very Good $200 | Exc. $500 |
As above, with sloping spur hammer (above 22000 serial range):
| 5B-163 | Values—Very Good $200 | Exc. $500 |
Colt “New Line” Series Of Cartridge Revolvers
This line of five solid-frame, spur-trigger revolvers, ranging in caliber and size from 22 to 41, was newly introduced in 1873. Initially they met with much success, yet production for most calibers ceased by the late 1870s. Only the 32-caliber model continued until 1884. Tremendous proliferation of very inexpensive competitive types of near-identical appearance, by both American and European manufacturers, eventually caused Colt, unwilling to sacrifice their quality of materials and workmanship, to drop the line.
Alternate Names (i.e. Nicknames) For “New Line” Revolvers
B. Kittredge & Company of Cincinnati, Ohio, noted firearms dealers and among Colt’s major outlets in the Midwest, introduced an innovative marketing twist by coining newly-conceived names (especially for their advertising) for each of these handguns: “The LITTLE COLT” (22 caliber); “THE PONY COLT” (30 caliber); “THE LADIES COLT” (32 caliber); “THE PET COLT” (38 caliber) and “THE BIG COLT” (41 caliber). Such markings were actually applied to some of those various models. Engraved on the right side of barrels, the markings, reportedly in script fashion, were hand-engraved, apparently at the Colt factory (disputation contends Kittredge applied those markings). Quantities unknown; judging by frequency of appearance, extremely limited. Collectors cautioned to be wary of marked specimens. It appears more spurious examples known than genuine ones! Authenticated specimens very rare and worthy of considerable premium.
Colt New Line 22 Revolver
New Line 22 Revolver. In production c. 1873-77; total made approximately 55,343.
22 rimfire caliber. 7-shot cylinder. 2-1/4" barrel length.
Grips of varnished rosewood. Nickel plated finish, or nickel plated frame with the balance blued.
Serial numbering in a distinct range, beginning with 1 and continuing to the end of production. Two standard barrel markings, variants of: COLT’S PT. F.A. MFG. CO./HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A. (additional line barrel marks DEPOT 14 PALL MALL LONDON very scarce and worth premium). Left side of barrel etched: COLT NEW 22 (earliest production does not have this etched panel; very scarce); and 22 CAL stamped on left side of the frame. 1874 patent date marking present on pistols after 16000 serial range.
This was the only 22 caliber pistol manufactured in Colt’s New Line group, and as with the Open Top 22, manufacture was cut short by the overwhelming competition of cheap “suicide special” handguns. The New Line 22 type is quickly distinguished by the solid frame construction, 7-shot fluted cylinder, and the flat-sided barrel.
Major variations are:
First Model, in the serial range 1 - 16000; basically identified by the short cylinder flutes, the cylinder stop slots on outside, and the lack of patent date markings:
5B-164Short Cylinder Flute
| 5B-164 | Values—Very Good $200 | Exc. $550 |
Second Model, in the serial range 16000 - 55343; has long cylinder flutes, the locking slots on cylinder back, and patent date stamping on the barrel:
5B-165 Long Cylinder Flute
| 5B-165 | Values—Very Good $175 | Exc. $450 |
Colt New Line 30 Caliber Revolver
New Line 30 Caliber Revolver. (Not illus.) Same as 32 Caliber with long flutes. Made c. 1874-76; total quantity of about 11,000.
30 rimfire caliber. 5-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths of 1-3/4" and 2-1/4"; round.
Grips of varnished rosewood. Full nickel plated finish, or blued with casehardened frame.
Serial numbering was in an individual range, beginning with 1 and continuing to end of production. Two barrel markings standard, variants of: COLT’S PT.F.A. MFG. CO/HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A. Left side of barrel etched: COLT NEW 30. Marking 30 CAL. sometimes present on the frame or butt.
Still another victim of the stiff competition from “suicide specials,” the 30 caliber New Line remained in production only three years, and is one of the more desirable of types in the series. The 30 is an unusual chambering for a Colt firearm, and this was the only product made by the company in that caliber.
Major variations are:
Standard model, in 2-1/4" barrel length; long fluted cylinder:
| 5B-166 | Values—Very Good $225 | Exc. $600 |
Same as above, but with 1-3/4" barrel:
| 5B-167 | Values—Very Good $300 | Exc. $875 |
Colt New Line 32 Caliber Revolver
New Line 32 Caliber Revolver. Made c. 1873-84; in a total quantity of about 22,000.
32 rimfire and 32 centerfire calibers. 5-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths of 2-1/4" and 4".
Varnished rosewood grips. Nickel plated finish, or blued with casehardened frame.
Serial numbering began with 1, and continued to the end of production. However, 38 and 41 caliber New Line, New House and New Police revolvers are believed to have been included. Two barrel markings standard, variants of: COLTS PT.F.A.MFG. CO./HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A. Left side of barrel etched: COLT NEW 32 (except on approximately the first 3,000 made and the very last made in 1884). On the left side of the frame: 32 CAL; if C also present, the letter indicates “centerfire.”
The 32 outnumbered all other pistols in the New Line group, excepting the 22 caliber model. This was Colt’s first production model handgun chambered for 32 caliber metallic cartridge ammunition.
Major variations are:
First Model, in the serial range 1 - 10000; features short cylinder flutes, the cylinder stop slots on the outside, no patent date markings, 2-1/4" barrel:
5B-168
| 5B-168 | Values—Very Good $185 | Exc. $550 |
Second Model, in the serial range 10000 - 22000; having long cylinder flutes, the locking slots on cylinder back, 1874 patent date stamping on the barrel, 2-1/4" barrel:
5B-169
| 5B-169 | Values—Very Good $185 | Exc. $550 |
Either of the above, in 4" barrel length:
| 5B-170 | Values—Very Good $425 | Exc. $1,275 |
Colt New Line 38 Caliber Revolver
New Line 38 Caliber Revolver. Manufactured c. 1874-80; the total quantity about 5,500.
38 rimfire and 38 centerfire calibers. 5-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths of 2-1/4" and 4".
Grips of varnished rosewood. Nickel plated finish, or blued with casehardened frame.
Serial numbering was in the same range as the New Line 41 caliber revolvers; the series began with 1, and continued through about 12516. Some numbering believed shared with the 32 New Line serials. Two barrel markings standard, variants of: COLTS PT. F.A. MFG. CO./HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A.Left side of the barrel etched: COLT NEW 38 (except on the earliest, low numbered specimens). On the left side of the frame: 38 CAL.; if C also present, the letter indicates “centerfire.”
The 38 New Line is an attractive model to collectors because of the relatively large caliber, and the limited production.
Major variations are:
First Model, in the serial range 1 - 3200; having short cylinder flutes, the cylinder stop slots on the outside, and no patent date markings; 2-1/4" barrel:
| 5B-171 | Values—Very Good $275 | Exc. $600 |
Second Model, in serial range 3200 - 12516; with long cylinder flutes, the locking slots on cylinder back, 1874 patent date stamping on the barrel; 2-1/4" barrel:
| 5B-172 | Values—Very Good $225 | Exc. $550 |
Either of the above, in 4" barrel length:
| 5B-173 | Values—Very Good $500 | Exc. $1,400 |
Colt New Line 41 Caliber Revolver
New Line 41 Caliber Revolver. Made c. 1874-79; total quantity about 7,000.
41 rimfire and 41 centerfire calibers. 5-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths of 2-1/4" and 4".
Grips of varnished rosewood. Nickel plated finish, or blued with casehardened frame.
Serial numbering in the same range as the New Line 38 caliber revolvers; the series began with 1, and continued through about 10700. Some numbering believed shared with the 32 New Line serials. Two barrel markings standard, variants of: COLTS PT. F.A. MFG. CO./HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A.Left side of the barrel etched: COLT NEW 41 (except on the very earliest, low numbered specimens). On the left side of the frame: 41 CAL; if C also present, the letter indicates “centerfire.”
The 41 caliber chambering and rather business-like appearance has inspired a special enthusiasm for this model from collectors. The production is fairly limited, and as with most of the New Line models, variation is split into the First and Second types:
First Model, in the serial range 1 - 3200; with short cylinder flutes, the cylinder stop slots on the outside, and no patent date markings; 2-1/4" barrel:
5B-174
| 5B-174 | Values—Very Good $300 | Exc. $900 |
Second Model, in serial range 3200 - 10700; having long cylinder flutes, the locking slots on cylinder back, 1874 patent date stamping on the barrel; 2-1/4" barrel:
| 5B-175 | Values—Very Good $300 | Exc. $900 |
Either of the above, in 4" barrel length:
| 5B-176 | Values—Very Good $675 | Exc. $1,850 |
Colt New House Model Revolver
New House Model Revolver. Manufactured c. 1880-86; the total quantity about 4,000. Found in serial range 10300 to 25700.
38 and 41 centerfire calibers; rare in 32 c.f., few made (worth premium). 5-shot cylinder. 2-1/4" barrel.
5B-177
Grips of varnished rosewood or walnut, or of checkered hard rubber with COLT oval embossed. Nickel plated finish, or blued with casehardened frame.
Serial numbering shared with various other models of New Line and New Police pistols, in 32, 38, and 41 calibers. Barrel marking: COLT’S PT. F.A. MFG. CO./HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A. (additional DEPOT 14, PALL MALL LONDONbarrel markings scarce, worth premium.) Left side of barrel usually etched (late production stamped) with caliber designations, e.g., COLT HOUSE 38, COLT NEW 38, or NEW HOUSE 38. Caliber designations may be found on left side of the frame. Some barrels have 1874 patent date marking.
Distinctive details identifying the model include the square profile of the butt (in contrast to the bird’s head grip of most New Lines), the 2-1/4" barrel without ejector rod, and the thin loading gate on the right recoil shield. All cylinders were of the long fluted type, with the stop slots at the back:
| 5B-177 | Values—Very Good $350 | Exc. $950 |
Colt New Police “Cop and Thug” Revolver
New Police “Cop and Thug” Model Revolver. Made c. 1882-86; total quantity not more than 4,000. Found in serial range 14450 to 21500 continuing to end.
38 centerfire caliber. 32 and 41 CF calibers quite rare. 5-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths of 2-1/4", 4-1/2", 5" and 6" (all but the shortest fitted with ejector rod).
Grips of hard rubber embossed with the Cop and Thug motif and COLT oval. Nickel plated finish, or blued with casehardened frame.
Serial numbering shared with various other models of New Line and New House pistols, in 32, 38, and 41 calibers. Barrel marking: COLT’S PT. F.A. MFG. CO./HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A. (additional DEPOT 14, PALL MALL LONDONmarkings scarce; usually found with rosewood grips). Etched or stamped on left side of barrel with caliber designations, e.g., COLT NEW 38 or NEW POLICE 38. Caliber designations may be found on the left side of the frame, and some barrels have 1874 patent date markings.
The New Police is the only New Line model having the ejector rod as a standard feature. The Cop and Thug grips (found on a majority of the production) also serve to identify the type. The low relief scene depicts a “cop” arresting a “thug,” and is located between the stock screw and butt on each grip panel. Prices given are for specimens having this type grip (and must be in reasonably good condition—if chipping or very worn, demand and price fall accordingly); with plain grips deduct approx. 15 to 25 percent from values. All cylinders were of the long fluted type, and the stop slots were at the back.
Major variations are:
Standard model, 38 caliber, with ejector rod on barrel:
5B-178 with close-up of grips
| 5B-178 | Values—Very Good $850 | Exc. $3,000 |
Same as above, except with 2-1/4" barrel and without ejector:
| 5B-179 | Values—Very Good $575 | Exc. $2,000 |
Standard model, with ejector rod on barrel, but chambered for 41 centerfire caliber. Caliber 32CF more rare and worth premium:
| 5B-180 | Values—Very Good $1,000 | Exc. $3,250 |
Colt Model 1877 “Lightning” D.A. Revolver
Model 1877 “Lightning” Double Action Revolver. Made 1877 -1909; total production 166,849. Under serial number 111,500 (approx.) made prior to Dec. 31, 1898.
Standard calibers were 38 Colt (the “Lightning”) and 41 Colt (the “Thunderer”). Approx. 200 were chambered for 32 Colt caliber (found in serial range 66,000 through 121,000) extremely rare; worth substantial premium. Other calibers known on special order fetch strong premiums if authenticated. In common usage both calibers are called: “Lightning.” 6-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths vary from 1-1/2" to 10". Standard lengths were 2-1/2" to 3-1/2" without ejector, and 4-1/2" to 6" with (no barrels were made shorter than 4-1/2" with ejector).
Majority of production had checkered hard rubber grips with oval rampant colt embossed motif; earlier revolvers had checkered one piece rosewood. Finished in blue, with casehardened frame; second in quantity was nickel plating.
Serial numbering began with 1 and continued through 166849. Barrel address marking: COLT’S PT.F.A.MFG.CO/HARTFORD. CT. U.S.A. Three line patent date marking (1871, 1874, and 1875) on left side of the frame, usually accompanied by rampant colt stamp. Caliber designation on either the trigger guard or on left side of the barrel.
The Lightning was Colt’s first production of a double action revolver. Its sales record was impressive, but the mechanism was rather intricate and specimens are often found malfunctioning. The similarity of barrel and frame to the Single Action Army is part of the Lightning Model’s appeal to collectors; as is the distinctive bird’s head grip profile. Increasingly, arms enthusiasts are devoting attention to this somewhat neglected but quite interesting Colt handgun. A relatively broad range of variations exist in the Lightnings, particularly in barrel lengths, markings, finishes, grips, and in sundry other details. “Billy the Kid” (William Bonney) carried the Lightning the night he was shot by Pat Garrett; John Wesley Hardin was known to have carried a “Thunderer.” Major types are as follows:
Standard model, without ejector, in barrel lengths between 2-1/2" and 3-1/2":
5B-181
| 5B-181 | Values—Very Good $400 | Exc. $1,450 |
Same as above, but in remaining barrel lengths (some ultra-rare, e.g., 1-1/2" or 6", and bring a premium price):
| 5B-182 | Values—Very Good $400 | Exc. $1,450 |
Standard model, with ejector, in barrel lengths between 4-1/2" and 6":
5B-183
| 5B-183 | Values—Very Good $425 | Exc. $1,600 |
Made for British market, with or without ejector. Usual COLT/HARTFORD barrel marks with addition DEPOT 14, PALL MALL LONDON and British proofmarks:
| 5B-184 | Values—Very Good $425 | Exc. $1,600 |
Made for The American Express Co. marked on backstrap AM. EX. CO. Quantity approx. 1,200, all of which are documented on Colt’s factory ledgers:
| 5B-185 | Values—Very Good $1,000 | Exc. $2,500 |
(Note: A premium placed on checkered rosewood grips, on pistols chambered for the rare 32 Colt caliber, and on long barrel lengths [7" to 10"].)
Colt Model 1878 “Frontier” D.A. Revolver
Model 1878 “Frontier” Double Action Revolver. Made 1878 -1905; the total production 51,210. Under serial number 41,000 (approx.) made prior to Dec. 31, 1898.
Standard calibers were 32-20, 38-40, 41 Colt, 44-40, and 45; also made but scarce (or rare) were 22 rimfire, 38 Colt, 44 Russian, 44 German Government, 44 S& W, and 450, 455, and 476 Eley. 6-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths standard of 4-3/4", 5-1/2", and 7-1/2" with ejector, and 3", 3-1/2" and 4" without ejector. However, lengths are know from as short as 2-1/2" and as long as 12".
Major share of the series had checkered hard rubber grips with oval rampant colt embossed motif; earlier revolvers had checkered and varnished walnut of two piece type. Blued finish standard; second in quantity was nickel plating. Serial numbering began with 1 and ran through to the highest number, 51210. Barrel address marking (in one or two lines): COLT’S PT.F.A.MFG. CO. HARTFORD CT. U.S.A. No patent date stampings. Designations of caliber were on either the trigger guard or on the left side of the barrel.
The Frontier Double Action is one of the largest frame revolvers made by Colt’s. It is easily identified by the frame and grip profile (note solid construction, with the trigger guard removable), the thin loading gate, the two piece grips, and the cylinder which (like the Lightning Model 1877) does not swing out for loading. One reason for the popularity of the Model 1877 is the chambering for large calibers, and the similarities it has to the Single Action Army. Increasingly, collectors are finding the Model 1878 Frontier an attractive area in the Colt field.
Major variations are:
Standard model, without ejector, in barrel lengths of 3", 3-1/2", and 4", and in the five most common calibers; in collector terminology the “Sheriff’s Model”:
| 5B-186 | Values—Very Good $600 | Exc. $2,250 |
Standard model, with ejector, in barrel lengths of 4-3/4", 5-1/2", and 7-1/2". The Mexican government purchased 500 of these with 7 1/2-inch barrels in 45 caliber in 1890 through a dealer in Mexico City. Checkered hard rubber grips and marked on left frame with an oval, die-struck motif of a sunburst-like design and liberty cap in its center accompanied by smaller letters “R” and “M” respectively on either side of the sunburst. Very scarce; worth premium value.
5B-187 Standard Model
| 5B-187 | Values—Very Good $625 | Exc. $2,250 |
Made for British market, with or without ejector. Usual COLT/HARTFORD barrel marks with addition DEPOT 14, PALL MALL LONDON and British proofmarks:
| 5B-188 | Values—Very Good $500 | Exc. $1,650 |
Model 1902 “Alaskan” or “Philippine Constabulary Model” revolver, sold on contract to the U.S. Ordnance; extra-large trigger and trigger guard, U.S. inspector stampings, 6" barrel, 45 caliber, lanyard swivel on butt, and blued finish; total made about 4,600, in serial range 43,401 - 48,097 (a few reported in higher ranges).
Although commonly known among collectors as the “ALASKAN MODEL” and less commonly as the “PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY MODEL,” it has been established that the only correct nomenclature is that with “PHILIPPINE” title. Also confirmed that the oversized trigger guard which distinguishes this variant will not allow for its use in cold weather (i.e. Alaska) while wearing gloves (as formerly believed) but rather, it allows for an elongated trigger in order to offer better leverage for double-action firing, necessitated by the stronger hammer spring added by special request of the U.S. Army c. 1901. (The misnomer clarified in Colt’s Double Action Revolver Model 1878 by Wilkerson (1998) and article by D. Chamberlain in Gun Report (Feb. 2002). Noted that a few observed with “W.C. Co.” markings on left frame, identified as those of the “Western Costume Co.” an early Hollywood theatrical/motion picture prop house and likely purchased as government surplus for use in early hollywood Westerns.
5B-189 Model 1902
| 5B-189 | Values—Very Good $900 | Exc. $3,000 |
(Note: A premium placed on barrel lengths other than the standard ones noted above.)
Colt Model 1889 Navy Double Action Revolver
Model 1889 Navy Double Action Revolver. In production 1889-94; the total made approximately 31,000.
38 Colt and 41 Colt calibers. 6-shot cylinder. Standard barrel lengths of 3", 4-1/2" and 6".
Checkered hard rubber grips with oval rampant colt embossed motif. Blued finish; nickel plating not uncommon. Serial numbered in its own series, beginning with 1 and up through approximately 31000. Barrel marking of Colt company name, Hartford address, and 1884 and 1888 patent dates. Caliber designations appear on the left side of the barrel.
The Model 1889 is quite important to collectors because it was the first swingout cylinder double action in the Colt line. Certain features allow for quick identification, among them: The 1884 and 1888 patent dates in the barrel marking and the long fluted cylinder having the locking slots at the back. The cylinders revolve counter-clockwise. The serial numbers are often confused with assembly numbers: The former are found stamped on the butt, while the latter are in the cylinder area, and elsewhere.
Major variations are:
Standard model, in 4-1/2" and 6" barrel lengths, blued or nickel plated, with checkered hard rubber grips:
5B-190
| 5B-190 | Values—Very Good $375 | Exc. $950 |
Same as above, but in 3" barrel length:
| 5B-191 | Values—Very Good $450 | Exc. $1,150 |
U.S. Navy contract. Total 5,000 serial range 1 to 5000. Blue finish; 6" barrel, plain walnut grips. 38 caliber. Butt marked U.S.N. , serial number, inspector initials, date 1889. Between 1896 and 1900 total of 4,637 returned to Colt for Conversion to Model 1895 cylinder locking system and refinishing. Values shown for altered revolvers; original unaltered specimens (total 363) rare; worth considerable premium:
| 5B-192 | Values—Very Good $850 | Exc. $2,250 |
Colt New Army and Navy Revolver
New Army and Navy Revolver, Models of 1892, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1901, and 1903. Made from 1892 through c. 1907; total of approximately 291,000. Under serial number 115,000 (approx.) made prior to Dec. 31, 1898.
38 Colt and 41 Colt calibers; 38 S& W made in lesser quantity. 6-shot cylinder. Standard barrel lengths of 3" (scarce and will bring premium), 4-1/2" and 6".
Checkered hard rubber grips with oval rampant colt embossed motif; plain walnut standard on contract purchases of the government. (Note: Army rubber grips often included a date stamping within the COLT oval motif.) Blued finish; nickel plating not uncommon.
Serial numbering in their own series, though overlapping in higher numbers with the successor model, the Army Special; New Army and Navy range from 1 through about 291000. Barrel marking of Colt company name, Hartford address, and 1884 and 1888 patent dates; 1895, and then 1901 were added to later models. Designations of caliber marked on left side of the barrel.
The Models of 1892 to 1903 represent developments and improvements in Colt’s double action Army and Navy size revolvers. Differences from one model to the next are generally minor, and sometimes can be detected only by examining interior parts. All models have the short cylinder flutes and the two sets of stop slots on the outside of the cylinder; the cylinders revolve counter-clockwise. As with the Model 1889 Navy, the serial numbers are often confused with assembly numbers: The serials appear on the butt, while assembly numbers (two or three digits only) are in the cylinder area. (Note: Special markings occasionally found and some, especially Wells Fargo & Co., when verified, command premium prices.)
Basic variations are:
Standard Models, 1892, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1901 and 1903, civilian sales:
5B-193
| 5B-193 | Values—Very Good $185 | Exc. $475 |
Same as above, but military orders:
Navy variations, 38 caliber, 6" barrel, plain walnut grips, Butt marked “U.S.N.”/anchor/38D.A./P/inspector initials/date. Inspector initials on wood grips. Lanyard swivel standard.
| 5B-194 | Values—Very Good $350 | Exc. $1,100 |
Army variations, 38 caliber, 6" barrel, plain walnut grips, Butt marked “U.S. Army/Model/1892” with serial number and inspector initials. Wood grips also with inspector marks.
| 5B-195 | Values—Very Good $300 | Exc. $1,000 |
Total 8,000 manufactured under 2 contracts 1892-93. At least 7490 known altered at Springfield for mechanical defects. Values shown for modified guns; those in unaltered state worth premuim. Identified basically by 1888 as last patent date on barrel, inspector mark “DM” left grip and “RAC” right grip, left frame, cylinder and barrel; no screw visible under cylinder latch.
Colt Model 1905 Marine Corps D.A. Revolver
Model 1905 Marine Corps Double Action Revolver. Manufactured 1905-09; in a total of 926. Basically a variation from the New Army and Navy Revolver series, late production.
38 Colt and 38 S& W Special calibers. 6-shot cylinder. 6" barrel.
Varnished and checkered walnut grips. Blued finish.
Serial numbering in an individual range, beginning at 10001 and continuing through 10926. Marine Corps issue revolvers were butt marked with USMC stampings, and with numbers (beginning with 1) running in sequence with the Colt production serial (thus gun number 10001 bore USMC number 1). Barrel address of Colt’s in Hartford, with 1884, 1888, and 1895 patent dates. Caliber designations on the left side of the barrel.
The Marine Corps Model is one of the ultra-desirable handguns in Colt’s double action revolver production. With a total made of only 926, and most of these experiencing service use, the surviving arms are few. The Marine Corps association also adds to the model’s status and importance. For quick identification: Distinctive grips, serial range, and grip frame type. Cylinders revolve counter-clockwise.
Basic variants are:
Standard model, with USMC butt markings, bore serials 10001 -10800; found in more worn condition than civilian types:
5B-196
| 5B-196 | Values—Very Good $1,000 | Exc. $3,500 |
Standard model, civilian sales only; bore serials 10801 - 10926:
| 5B-197 | Values—Very Good $750 | Exc. $2,500 |
Colt New Service Double Action Revolver
New Service Double Action Revolver. Made from 1898 through 1944; in a total run of about 356,000 (including Shooting Master and other variations).
Variety of calibers from 38 Colt to 476 Eley. 6-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths from 2" to 7-1/2", with most common in 4-1/2", 5-1/2" and 7-1/2".
Until c. 1928 checkered hard rubber with COLT oval were standard grips, after 1928 these were discontinued in favor of checkered walnut having Colt medallion inset. Blued finish standard; nickel plating not uncommon.
Serial numbering in an individual range, beginning at 1 and continuing through approximately 356000. Barrel markings of Colt company name, Hartford address, and patent dates of 1884 and 1900, or 1884, 1900 and 1905, or 1884, 1905 and 1926. Left side of barrel marked with model designation (e.g., NEW SERVICE) and caliber; the military model stamped: COLT D.A. 45.
The New Service was Colt’s largest framed double action swingout cylinder revolver. It also boasts one of the longest production runs of any D.A. Colt—some 46 years. A number of variations are known in the series, and the basic types are as follows:
Old Model revolver; serial numbers from 1 to about 12000; hard rubber COLT oval grips, NEW SERVICE model marking on sideplate:
5B-198
| 5B-198 | Values—Very Good $400 | Exc. $1,000 |
Old Model New Service Target; serials about 6000 - 15000; checkered walnut grips, 7-1/2" barrel, flattop frame, NEW SERVICE model sideplate marking:
| 5B-199 | Values—Very Good $650 | Exc. $1,750 |
Improved Model revolver; serials about 21000 - 32500; hard rubber COLT oval grips, has Colt positive lock mechanism (various internal and external improvements):
| 5B-200 | Values—Very Good $375 | Exc. $900 |
Improved Model New Service Target; features of the Improved Model standard revolver; but still including flattop frame, checkered walnut grips (with Colt medallion inlays), and 7-1/2" barrel:
| 5B-201 | Values—Very Good $675 | Exc. $1,750 |
Model 1909 US Army and US Navy; within serials 30000 - 50000; walnut grips, 45 Colt caliber, 5-1/2" barrel:
Army revolver bears U.S. ARMY MODEL 1909 butt markings:
| 5B-202 | Values—Very Good $400 | Exc. $1,100 |
Navy with U.S.N. butt markings. Quantity 1,000:
| 5B-203 | Values—Very Good $575 | Exc. $1,750 |
Model 1909 U.S. Marine Corps; virtually the same as above, but with varnished and checkered walnut grips (gripframe of smaller profile), USMC butt markings. Quantity 1,400:
| 5B-204 | Values—Very Good $1,250 | Exc. $4,000 |
Model 1917 U.S. Army; within serials 150000 - 301000; walnut grips, 45 Colt and 45 ACP calibers, 5-1/2" barrel. Improved version of the Model 1909 revolver. U.S. ARMY MODEL 1917 butt markings. Quantity 154,000:
| 5B-205 | Values—Very Good $260 | Exc. $500 |
Civilian Model 1917; scarce variation limited to about 1,000 revolvers, and made up by Colt’s from leftover parts of the Model 1917 U.S. Army production; serials in 335000 and 336000 range; 45 ACP caliber and barrel so marked; lack U.S. ARMY butt markings:
| 5B-206 | Values—Very Good $325 | Exc. $800 |
Late Model New Service; began approximately in the 325000 serials, and continued through end of production; checkered walnut grips with Colt medallion inlays, various improved production features:
| 5B-207 | Values—Very Good $325 | Exc. $650 |
Shooting Master revolver; within serials of about 333000 -350000; checkered walnut grips with Colt medallion inlays, various calibers from 38 S& W Special to 45 Colt (larger calibers bring premium values), 6" barrel standard. Caliber designation and COLT SHOOTING MASTER on left side of barrel; target sights, and flattop frame:
| 5B-208 | Values—Very Good $525 | Exc. $1,100 |
(Note: A number of variances from standard types exist in the sizable production of New Service revolvers. Some of the unusual and odd variations will command an added value; a majority of very minor variations will not. A thorough and detailed study may be found in the Wilson-Sutherland book.)
Colt Camp Perry S.A., Single Shot Target Pistol
Camp Perry Single Action, Single Shot Target Pistol. Made from 1926 to 1941 (less than 100, believed experimentals, made in 1920; all with serials under 100). Total quantity 2,525; among smallest production of all Colt cartridge handguns. 22 Long Rifle caliber. One shot chamber, mounted on crane, and pivoting down and to the left for loading (as on conventional Colt double-action revolver). 8" and 10" barrels.
Checkered walnut grips with rampant Colt medallion inset. Blued finish.
Serial numbered in individual range, from 1. Barrel marking (top): COLT’S PT. F.A. MFG. CO./HARTFORD CT. U.S.A.On left side of chamber: CAMP PERRY MODEL; and on the barrel, the caliber marking.
A unique model of Colt double action handgun, the Camp Perry was named after the site of U.S. pistol, revolver, and rifle competition in Ohio. The type is distinguished by its single shot construction, the unusual barrel lengths, and the quite limited production (which was made on the frame of the Double Action revolver; without recoil shield).
Standard model; with 10" barrel length:
5B-209
| 5B-209 | Values—Very Good $500 | Exc. $1,250 |
Variation, having 8" barrel (standard after 1934, serial range about 2150):
| 5B-210 | Values—Very Good $500 | Exc. $1,250 |
Colt New Pocket Double Action Revolver
New Pocket Double Action Revolver. Manufactured 1893 -1905; total run of about 30,000. Under serial number 11,900 (approx.) made prior to Dec. 31, 1898.
32 Colt and 32 S& W calibers. 6-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths from 2-1/2" to 6".
Checkered hard rubber grips with COLT oval motif. Finishes either blued or nickel plated.
Serial numbering in an individual range, beginning with 1 and continuing through approximately 30000; serials then continued by the Pocket Positive Model. Barrel marking of Colt company name, Hartford address, and 1884 and 1888 patent dates. COLT’S NEW POCKETstamping on left side of frame.
The New Pocket began a long line of pocket size double action swingout cylinder revolvers made by Colt’s. Model identification can quickly be made by the serial number range, and the New Pocket frame stamping.
Basic variations are:
Standard model, but early production, without 1884 and 1888 patent barrel markings:
5B-211
| 5B-211 | Values—Very Good $125 | Exc. $375 |
Standard model, with 1884 and 1888 markings, and in 2-1/2", 3-1/2", and 6" barrel lengths:
| 5B-212 | Values—Very Good $100 | Exc. $300 |
(Note: Premium placed on 5" barrel specimens.)
Colt New Police 32 Double Action Revolver
New Police 32 Double Action Revolver. Made c. 1896-1907; total produced about 49,500. Under 4,600 (approx.) made prior to Dec. 31, 1898.
32 Colt, 32 Colt New Police, and 32 S& W calibers. 6-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths of 2-1/2", 4", and 6".
Checkered hard rubber grips with COLT oval motif. Finished either in blue or nickel plating.
Serial numbering in an individual range, from 1 on up through approximately 49500 (and including the New Police Target Model): numbers then continued by the Police Positive 32 Model. Barrel marking of Colt company name, Hartford address, and 1884 and 1888 patent dates. COLT’S NEW POLICE stamped on left side of the frame.
The New Police 32 was the second pocket size double action swingout cylinder revolver brought out by Colt’s factory. It was given a substantial boost by Theodore Roosevelt and the New York City Police Department, purchasers of better than 4,500 specimens, all with the backstrap marking: NEW YORK POLICE. The New Police 32 is quickly identified by the serial range, 1884 and 1888 patent markings, and the frame marking: NEW POLICE.
Basic variations are:
Standard model, blue or nickel finish:
5B-213
| 5B-213 | Values—Very Good $90 | Exc. $275 |
New Police Target model; 6" barrel, flattop target frames and target sights, otherwise basically same as standard model; total production about 5,000:
| 5B-214 | Values—Very Good $250 | Exc. $650 |
(Note: Premium placed on New York Police contract revolvers, and other specially roll marked revolvers.)
Colt Model 1900 Automatic Pistol
Model 1900 Automatic Pistol. Manufactured 1900-03; total run of about 3,500.
38 rimless smokeless caliber. Magazine held 7 shots. Barrel length 6".
Walnut, checkered walnut, or hard rubber grips. Blued finish; the hammer and combination sight/safety casehardened.
Serial numbered from 1 on up through about 3500; numbers then continued by the Model 1902 Sporting Pistol. Left side of the slide marked BROWNING’S PATENT, with 1897 patent date, and the Colt company name and Hartford address. Caliber designation and AUTOMATIC COLT on right side of the slide.
An extremely significant pistol to the collector, the Model 1900 was Colt’s first production in the category of automatic handguns. In its own way this is the “Paterson” of Colt autos, and several of its features are quite primitive when compared to later developments. Long slide without slide stop, pointed hammer spur, rear sight doubling as a safety (later replaced by sight mounted in dovetailed fashion), rather straight grip.
Major variations are:
Standard model, with rear sight also serving as hammer safety:
5B-215
| 5B-215 | Values—Very Good $1,450 | Exc. $6,000 |
As above, but hammer safety rear sight altered to conventional rear sight:
| 5B-216 | Values—Very Good $800 | Exc. $2,000 |
Pistols with slide serrations on front area of slide (above serial range of about 2000):
| 5B-217 | Values—Very Good $1,250 | Exc. $5,500 |
U.S. Navy model, marked USN and number on left side of the frame, with the Colt serial number on right side of frame:
| 5B-218 | Values—Very Good $2,750 | Exc. $6,500 |
U.S. Army model, two contracts (as below) intermingled in the commercial series production. Each contract marked on left trigger bow U.S.
Although quantities purchased of this Army model somewhat higher than Navy model, they appear with less frequency, and in more worn states of condition, hence values usually higher:
First contract, total quantity 75; in serial range under 200. Plain, smooth walnut grips with inspector’s cartouche on left grip dated 1900 over initials JTT:
| 5B-219 | Values—Very Good $7,000 | Exc. $19,500 |
Second contract, total quantity 200. Serial range 1501 to 1700. Checkered walnut grips. Inspector’s initials RAC marked on left side of trigger bow:
| 5B-219.5 | Values—Very Good $5,000 | Exc. $17,500 |
Colt Model 1902 Sporting Automatic Pistol
Model 1902 Sporting Automatic Pistol. Made 1903-08; in a total quantity of about 7,500.
38 rimless smokeless caliber. Magazine capacity 7 shots. Barrel of 6" length.
Hard rubber, checkered grips with COLT and rampant colt motifs. Blued finish, the hammer casehardened.
Serial numbers continued the series begun by the Model 1900 Automatic, beginning at the range about 3500, and continuing through approximately 10999; some pistols in the range 30000 -30190. Slide markings of four basic types; the first identical to that on the Model 1900; the second with the patent date part of marking in three lines (including 1897 and 1902); the third with patent date marking in two lines and including 1897 and 1902; and the fourth the 1897 and 1902 dates and PATENTED in two lines but without reference to Browning. Caliber designation and AUTOMATIC COLT on right side of slide.
The second model of Colt Automatic Pistol, identification can be confusing, but basic details to note are: 1897 and 1902 patent date slide markings, rear sight dovetailed onto breech area of slide, rounded butt shape, rounded hammer spur, long slide, and lack of a slide lock device (on left side of frame). Comparison should be made with the Model 1902 Military, and differences are noted in the text on that model.
Basic variations of the Model 1902 Sporting are:
Standard model, the serrations on the front section of slide; below serial range of about 9500:
5B-220
| 5B-220 | Values—Very Good $500 | Exc. $2,250 |
Standard model, the serrations on the rear section of the slide; made in serial range about 9500:
| 5B-221 | Values—Very Good $450 | Exc. $2,000 |
Colt Model 1902 Military Automatic Pistol
Model 1902 Military Automatic Pistol. Manufactured c. 1902-29; in a total of approximately 18,000.
38 rimless smokeless caliber. Magazine capacity 8 shots. Barrel length 6".
Hard rubber, checkered grips with COLT and rampant colt motifs. Blued finish, the hammer casehardened.
Quite unusual serial numbering, which began at 15001, and went backward to 11000; then began at 30200, continuing to 47266. Numbers were shared with the Model 1903 Pocket (Hammer type) Automatic within the years 1918-29. Three types of slide markings on the left side, as follows: First type, has patent part of marking in three lines (with 1897 and 1902 dates); second type, with patent date marking in two lines and including 1897 and 1902, and BROWNING reference; the third type, has 1897 and 1902 dates and PATENTED in two lines (but without reference to Browning). Caliber designation, AUTOMATIC COLT, and MODEL 1902 on right side of slide.
With several similarities to the Model 1902 Sporting Pistol, the Model 1902 Military can be distinguished by the following details: Slide lock device on left side of frame, MODEL 1902 markings on slide, magazine capacity of 8 cartridges, square butt profile, and presence of lanyard swivel on left side of the butt. The Model 1902 Military is the most often encountered of the “long slide” early Colt automatic pistols, and boasts a comparatively lengthy production run.
Basic variations are:
Early production model, having slide serrations at the front section:
5B-222
| 5B-222 | Values—Very Good $500 | Exc. $2,250 |
Standard production, with the slide serrations at the rear section; hammers either rounded or of the spur type:
5B-223
| 5B-223 | Values—Very Good $450 | Exc. $1,750 |
Special group of U.S. Army marked pistols; within the serial range 15001 - 15200; have inspector stampings and slide serrations at the front:
| 5B-224 | Values—Very Good $3,750 | Exc. $12,500 |
Colt Model 1903 Pocket Automatic Pistol
Model 1903 Pocket Automatic Pistol. Made c. 1903-29; the total quantity approximately 26,000.
38 rimless smokeless caliber. Magazine capacity 7 shots. Length of barrel 4-1/2".
Hard rubber, checkered grips with COLT and rampant colt motifs. Blued finish, the hammer casehardened.
The serial numbering in sequence from 16001 through 47226; from 30200 to end of production the numbers shared with the 1902 Military Model Pistol. Same three types of slide markings as on the Model 1902 Military Pistol (q.v.). Caliber designation and AUTOMATIC COLT on right side of slide.
The Model 1903 Pocket Automatic is generally identical to the Model 1902 Sporting, with the notable exception of the shorter slide. This was Colt’s first pocket size automatic, and features a long production record for a comparatively primitive model of automatic type.
Basic variations are:
Early production model, with the rounded hammer (serials to about 22000). Blue finish on these did not hold up well, consequently they are difficult to find in finer grades of condition:
5B-225
| 5B-225 | Values—Very Good $250 | Exc. $1,000 |
Standard model, having the spur type hammer (serials after about 22000):
| 5B-226 | Values—Very Good $225 | Exc. $875 |
Colt Model 1903 Hammerless 32 Pocket Auto
Model 1903 Hammerless 32 Pocket Automatic Pistol a.k.a. “Model M.” Manufactured c. 1903-46; total quantity over 572,000.
32 ACP Caliber. Magazine capacity 8 shots. Barrel lengths 4" and later 3-3/4".
Three types of hard rubber grips with COLT and rampant colt embossed motifs used through 1924; balance of production checkered walnut with Colt medallion inlays. Blued finish standard; a large number nickel plated with pearl/medallion grips.
Serial numbered from 1 through 572215 including a small group marked U.S. PROPERTY. A variety of slide markings have been catalogued, to be expected from such a large total manufacture. Patent dates (earliest production 1897 only; later 1903 added) and Colt company name and Hartford address standard on left side; right side marked AUTOMATIC COLT which changed to COLT AUTOMATIC c. 1915; second line CALIBRE 32 RIMLESS SMOKELESS.
Few models of any Colt handgun outnumber the diminutive 1903 Hammerless 32 in total quantity produced. The first concealed hammer automatic in the firm’s line, it offers the collector a number of variations, particularly in markings and grip styles.
Major variations are:
1st Type: 4" barrel with barrel bushing; serial range from 1 to 71999:
| 5B-227 | Values—Very Good $200 | Exc. $550 |
5B-227
2nd Type: 3-3/4" barrel with barrel bushing; serial range 72000 to 105050:
| 5B-228 | Values—Very Good $175 | Exc. $425 |
3rd Type: 3-3/4" barrel without barrel bushing; serial range 105051 to 468096:
| 5B-229 | Values—Very Good $165 | Exc. $350 |
4th Type (Commercial): 3-3/4" barrel with added magazine safety; serial range 468097 to 554000:
| 5B-229.5 | Values—Very Good $165 | Exc. $350 |
4th Type (Military): 3-3/4" barrel with added magazine safety. Right frame marked U.S. PROPERTY. Blue (worth premium) or Parkerized finish. Serial range 554001 to 572214:
| 5B-230 | Values—Very Good $750 | Exc. $1,750 |
Colt Model 1905 45 Automatic Pistol
Model 1905 45 Automatic Pistol. Manufactured 1905-11; in a total run of approximately 6,100. Plus special military contract in separate serial group (201 made).
45 rimless smokeless caliber. Magazine capacity 7 shots. Barrel length 5". Snub hammer changed to spur type after serial range 3600.
Grips of checkered and varnished walnut. Blued finish; the hammer casehardened.
Serial numbered from 1 on up. Two basic types of markings on left side of the slide; the first having 1897 and 1902 patent dates, with Colt company name and Hartford address, the second also having 1905 date, with Colt name and Hartford address. On the right side of all slides: AUTOMATIC COLT/CALIBRE 45 RIMLESS SMOKELESS.
The Model 1905 was Colt’s first automatic chambered for 45 caliber ammunition; the cartridge was a forerunner of the 45 ACP. Readily identifiable features are the nearly vertical grip angle, the 45 rimless smokeless caliber, and the rectangular slide shape (lacking the escalloped lower section standard on the Model 1911 45 Automatics).
Major variations are:
Early model, having 1897 and 1902 patent dates in the slide marking (serial range below about 700):
5B-231
| 5B-231 | Values—Very Good $1,250 | Exc. $4,000 |
Standard model, with 1897, 1902, and 1905 patent dates on the slide (serial range above about 700):
5B-232
| 5B-232 | Values—Very Good $775 | Exc. $3,250 |
Shoulder stocked pistols; the stocks of metal and leather, doubling as holsters; pistols have grooved frames to accept stock attachment, and are within specific serial number ranges. Classified “Curio & Relic” and subject to the provisions of Gun Control Act. Complete with stock:
| 5B-233 | Values—Very Good $6,500 | Exc. $17,500 |
Special military variation, numbered within individual serial range of 1 - 201, and known to collectors as the 1907 contract pistol; has K.M. inspector stamping, lanyard loop on frame, and external indicator to show if chamber loaded; spur hammer and grip safety:
| 5B-234 | Values—Very Good $7,000 | Exc. $20,000 |
Colt Model 1908 Hammerless 25 Caliber Auto
Model 1908 Hammerless 25 Caliber Automatic Pistol. Factory designation “Model N” denoted frame size. Made c. 1908-41; the total quantity 409,061. The smallest auto in the Colt line.
25 ACP caliber. Magazine capacity 6 shots. Barrel length 2".
Hard rubber, checkered grips with COLT and rampant colt embossed motifs were standard until serial range of about 335000; thereafter checkered walnut with Colt medallion inlays were used. Blued finish standard; fair number in nickel plating.
Individually serial numbered from 1 through 409061. Three basic markings were used on the left side of the slide, earliest type including 1896, 1897, and 1903 patent dates, Colt company and Hartford address marking; the second type adding a 1910 date; and the third type adding a 1917 date. On the right side of the slide, standard throughout manufacture: COLT AUTOMATIC/CALIBRE 25.
Basic variants are:
Early production model, with 1896, 1897 and 1903 dates on the left side slide marking; through serial range of about 20000; rubber grips:
5B-235
| 5B-235 | Values—Very Good $250 | Exc. $500 |
Standard model, with dates as above, plus either 1910 or 1910 and 1917; former type with rubber grips; latter with rubber or checkered walnut:
| 5B-236 | Values—Very Good $250 | Exc. $500 |
U.S. Property marked; No known formal government contracts or Colt records showing direct sale. However, definite proof of U.S. ownership and marking. Almost all likely for clandestine WW II O.S.S. use (after war, the Central Intelligence Agency). Most acquired in small lot purchases by U.S. Ordnance Dept. direct from dealers/jobbers; some even second hand and by gift.
Usual markings U.S. (or “United States”) PROPERTY; some with Ordnance cross-cannon/flaming bomb/circle insignia. Die size and placement of marks vary depending on arsenal or facility where applied. None observed with proofs or inspector markings; most with Parkerized finish. (Most definitive study MAN-at-ARMS, Feb., 1995.) Caution should be exercised as spurious examples known:
| 5B-237 | Values—Very Good $950 | Exc. $2,750 |
Colt Model “M” Hammerless 380 Pocket Auto
Model “M” Hammerless 380 Pocket Automatic Pistol; a.k.a. “Model 1908 Hammerless” and “Model 1903 Hammerless.” Manufactured from 1908-1945; total quantity over 138,000.
380 ACP caliber. Magazine capacity 7 shots. Barrel length 3-3/4" only.
Three types of hard rubber grips with COLT and rampant colt embossed motifs used up to 1924; balance of production checkered walnut with Colt medallion inlays. Blued finish standard; large quantity also made with nickel plated finish.
Serial numbered in individual series from 1 through 138009. Left side of slide marked with two patent dates (1897 and 1903) with Colt company name and Hartford address. Right side marked AUTOMATIC COLT (after 1915 changed to COLT AUTOMATIC) with second line reading CALIBRE 380 HAMMERLESS.
The actual factory designation for both the 380 and 32 hammerless was merely “Model M.” The use of issue dates as model names is apparently a later collector designation.
Basic variations are:
1st Type: 3-3/4" barrel with barrel bushing; serial range from 1 to 6251:
5B-238
| 5B-238 | Values—Very Good $400 | Exc. $700 |
2nd Type: 3-3/4" barrel without barrel bushing; serial range 6252 to 92893:
| 5B-238.3 | Values—Very Good $275 | Exc. $450 |
3rd Type (Commercial): 3-3/4" barrel with added magazine safety: serial range 92894 to 133649:
| 5B-238.8 | Values—Very Good $275 | Exc. $425 |
3rd Type (Military): 3-3/4" barrel with added magazine safety; right side of frame marked U.S. PROPERTY. Blued finish; serial range 133650 to 138009. Some in this group may have an “M” preceding the serial number:
| 5B-239 | Values—Very Good $950 | Exc. $2,500 |
Colt Model 1909 45 Automatic Pistol
Model 1909 45 Automatic Pistol. Manufactured 1910; quantity made approximately 23.
45 rimless, smokeless caliber. Magazine capacity 7 shots. Barrel length 5". High polished blued finish; casehardened hammer, grip safety and mainspring housing. Checkered walnut grips. Serial numbered 0 to 23 on left frame.
Markings: Patent dates 1897, 1902, 1905 with Colt name and Hartford address on left side of slide; AUTOMATIC COLT CALIBRE 45 RIMLESS SMOKELESS on right slide.
The Model 1909 manufactured as a trial pistol for the U.S. military; never slated for commercial sale. It marks the advent of single-link decoupling of the barrel/slide. Extremely rare.
Few recorded sales. Values variable; likely in mid five figures for specimens in top condition grades.
5B-239.5
5B-239.5
Colt Model 1910 45 Automatic Pistol
Model 1910 Automatic Pistol. Manufactured 1910; quantity approximately 10.
Caliber, magazine capacity, barrel length, checkered grips, and finish all similar to above (hammer bright blue). Serial numbered 1 through 10 on left frame.
Slide markings same as Model 1909.
The Model 1910 exhibits first appearance of the slanted grip profile of its ultimate successor, the famous Model 1911 series. It also has development features directly attributed to John Browning. Extremely rare.
Few recorded sales. Values variable; likely in mid five figures for specimens in top condition grades.
5B-239.6
5B-239.6
Colt Model 1911 Special Army 45 Automatic Pistol
Model 1911 Special Army 45 Automatic Pistol. (Not illus.) Manufactured 1911; total quantity 12. About identical in appearance/profile to Model 1911 Civilian/Military series following.
Caliber, magazine capacity, barrel length, checkered grips, finish (blued hammer) similar to Model 1910 above. Serial numbered 1 through 12 on left frame.
Slide markings, patent dates identical to above with Colt rampant colt trademark at left rear of slide. Has thumb safety.
This pistol was the final victor in the Colt-Savage trials and direct predecessor of the Model 1911. Extremely rare.
Few recorded sales. Values variable; likely in mid five figures for specimens in top condition grades.
5B-239.7
Colt Model 1911 Automatic, Civilian Series
Model 1911 Automatic Pistol, Civilian Series. (Not illus., identical to Military Model.) Introduced in 1911 and still in production; total production of original serial range (through 1970) of C336169. Serial number prefix C denotes the Civilian Model.
45 ACP caliber. Magazine capacity of 7 shots. Barrel length 5".
Serial numbering began with C1 and continued through end of production of prefix C arms, in 1970; successor model not evaluated. Slide markings are quite varied, and best analyzed by reference to pages 432 and 433 of The Book of Colt Firearms. Basically, on right side of slide appears the caliber and COLT AUTOMATIC marking; on the left side patent dates (after c. 1938 dates no longer used in slide markings), and the Colt company name and Hartford address. GOVERNMENT MODEL on pistols post c. 1946.
Other than the world famous 45 Automatic profile, the quickest means of determining if a pistol is from the Model 1911 Civilian group is from the C serial number prefix. Because of the significant number of variants in both the Civilian and Military Model 1911 (and M1911A1) production, many collectors specialize only in the “Colt 45 Auto.” Its unique service record, hard-hitting ballistics, and world wide recognition contribute to the strong appeal of these arms in the collector market.
Major variations of the Civilian series are:
Early production model, having 1897, 1902, 1905, and 1911 patent dates in the slide markings (through serial range about C-4500):
| 5B-240 | Values—Very Good $550 | Exc. $1,750 |
Standard model pistols, within the serial range approximately C-4500 to C-130000; Model 1911 type with straight mainspring housing:
| 5B-241 | Values—Very Good $550 | Exc. $1,750 |
455 caliber British Contract pistol; bear serial numbers of own series (began with W10001, and continued through to over W21000). CALIBRE 455 on right side of slide; made in 1915 and 1916:
| 5B-242 | Values—Very Good $700 | Exc. $1,850 |
Scarce Russian order pistols with ANGLO ZAKAZIVAT (in Russian characters) marking; totaled about 14,500 arms in 45 ACP; within the serial numbers about C-50000 to C-85000:
| 5B-243 | Values—Very Good $2,500 | Exc. $6,000 |
Model 1911A1 pistols; began at the range of about C-130000; and are quickly identified by the arched mainspring housing:
| 5B-244 | Values—Very Good $550 | Exc. $1,250 |
Colt Model 1911 Automatic, Military Series
Model 1911 Automatic Pistol, Military Series. Manufactured 1912-57; in a total production of about 2,695,000. These pistols do not have the C serial prefix, as found in the Civilian arms.
45 ACP caliber. Magazine capacity of 7 shots. Barrel length 5".
Serial numbers classified into three basic groups, the major of which was the Colt factory and other contractors’ series in the range 1 - 2693613, the Remington-UMC production of 1 - 21676, and the government arsenal pistols (have X prefixes). Slide markings are somewhat involved, but subdivide into the following: On left side, first type with 1897, 1902, 1905 and 1911 patent dates, and Colt company name and Hartford address; the second type adding 1913 patent date, and continuing the Colt name and Hartford address; and the third type was a reorganization of the patent date markings and Colt-Hartford data of the second variation. Standard on right side of slides was MODEL OF 1911, followed by either U.S. ARMY or U.S. NAVY or U.S.M.C. (very rare markings). Note UNITED STATES PROPERTY standard frame marking.
Inspector markings: Pointed out under the variation categories detailed below.
No model of Colt handgun even approaches the total manufacturing run of the Model 1911 and M1911A1 Automatic pistols. Though the Single Action Army is every bit as famous, its total of 357,859 is paltry in comparison to the over 2,695,212 Military series pistols and over 336,000 Civilian arms. However, the purpose of the military series was decidedly for wartime use, and such service greatly reduced the proportion of arms surviving to the present in respectable condition. It is sometimes quite difficult to obtain fine conditioned specimens, despite the great numbers produced in most variations.
The major variants are as follows:
Model 1911 pistol made by Colt’s factory during World War I period, serial range from 1 to about 629500; JMG, WGP and GHS inspector markings; straight mainspring housing; blued finish. Serial numbers below 10000 add a premium:
| 5B-245 | Values—Very Good $650 | Exc. $1,800 |
5B-245
With U.S.N. markings:
| 5B-246 | Values—Very Good $1,200 | Exc. $3,000 |
Model 1911A1 pistol, by Colt’s factory; beginning in 1924; serial range 700001 - end of production (2380013); RS inspector markings; arched mainspring housing; Parkerized finish standard:
| 5B-247 | Values—Very Good $650 | Exc. $1,400 |
Same as above, with blued finish:
| 5B-247.5 | Values—Very Good $750 | Exc. $1,600 |
North American Arms Company series; quite a desirable variation, production was limited to about 100; bear company slide markings, with the serials on slide (WWI period):
| 5B-248 | Values—Very Good $8,500 | Exc. $25,000 |
Springfield Armory Model 1911 pistol; within serial range of 72751 - 133186; total of 25,767 produced; bear Colt and Springfield Armory markings, eagle motif and Ordnance Department flaming bomb on frame and slide. (Note: Approximately 100 made prior to World War I for sale through the Director of Civilian Marksmanship and bear N.R.A. markings on the frame near the serial number. Value approximately twice that shown here. Be wary of spurious specimens.):
| 5B-249 | Values—Very Good $1,750 | Exc. $5,000 |
Remington-UMC Model 1911 pistol; serial range 1 - 21676; having Colt and Remington-UMC slide markings, and E or B inspector stamps:
| 5B-250 | Values—Very Good $600 | Exc. $1,750 |
Singer Manufacturing Company Model 1911A1 pistol; serial range S800001 - S800500; S. MFG. CO/ELIZABETH N.J. slide markings; blued finish (not Parkerized); only 500 made; JKC inspector markings:
| 5B-251 | Values—Very Good $5,000 | Exc. $17,500 |
Union Switch & Signal Company Model 1911A1 pistol; serial range 1041405 - 1096404; slides include marking: U.S. & S. CO./SWISSVALE.PA. U.S.A.; about 40,000 made; RCD, HA, and R inspector markings:
| 5B-252 | Values—Very Good $950 | Exc. $2,250 |
Remington Rand, Inc. Model 1911A1 pistol; serial ranges are several, the lowest number is 916405, and the highest 2619013; about 900,000 total made; REMINGTON RAND INC. slide marking; FJA, G, and HS inspector markings:
| 5B-253 | Values—Very Good $800 | Exc. $1,500 |
Ithaca Gun Company, Inc. Model 1911A1 pistol; serial ranges are several, the lowest number 856405, and the highest 2693613; about 400,000 total made; ITHACA GUN CO. slide marking; FJA, G, and HS inspector markings:
| 5B-254 | Values—Very Good $800 | Exc. $1,500 |
(Note: For further information, detailed serial number breakdown, markings, and other data, the author recommends Colt Automatic Pistols by Donald B. Bady, and Wilson-Sutherland, The Book of Colt Firearms. The amount of detail for the advanced collector is extensive.)
Colt Model 1861 Special Musket
5B-255
Model 1861 Special Musket. Manufactured 1861-65. Production usually estimated at 75,000. Recent information from government records indicates that the total was 100,000 and that many of them supplied for state contracts; this will explain the numerous specimens encountered with N.J. (New Jersey) markings on both barrel and stock.
58 caliber. Single shot muzzleloader made on government contract for use in the Civil War. 40" barrel standard; three barrel bands.
Oil-stained walnut stock. Metal parts for most of the production were finished “in the white,” but bluing was standard on nipples, rear sights, and various screws. Barrels fastened to forend by three oval, split-ring iron barrel bands, tightened into place by clamping screws at the bottom of each band. Late production models fitted with solid iron bands retained in place by long narrow springs inletted in the stock as on the standard M1861 contract musket.
No serial numbers were used in the standard production of the Model 1861 Musket. On the lockplate is stamped:
U.S./COLT’S PT F.A. MFG CO./HARTFORD CT.The date of manufacture appears behind the hammer, e.g., 1861. An American eagle was marked on the bolster, and government inspector stamps are on several parts.
An unknown quantity, (likely sizeable) of Colt M1861 Muskets were sold on the civilian market during the Civil War. Some of them had failed to pass the more stringent government inspections yet were definitely serviceable. Classified by Colt as “Second Class U.S. Rifle Muskets” all are identified by their lack of the distinctive eagle marking on the bolster and the usual U.S. government inspector markings. Colt had agreements with the eminent New York City military outfitters and arms dealers Schuyler, Hartley & Graham who sold 2,500 of those muskets to the state of Connecticut in July, 1863. Values approximately the same as for the government-marked specimens
| 5B-255 | Values—Very Good $1,500 | Exc. $3,750 |
(Note: Further details on the 58 caliber “Special Musket” appear in Chapter IX, U.S. Military Longarms.)
Colt Berdan Single Shot Rifle
5B-256
Colt Berdan Single Shot Rifle. Breechloader with “trapdoor” breech system; made in rifle (standard model) and carbine types. Manufactured from 1866 to about 1870. Total of all types exceeded 30,000.
42 centerfire cartridge. Single shot. Rifle barrels measured 32-1/2", and the carbines 18-1/4".
Serial numbering of the Russian contract rifles (which represented nearly all of the Colt Berdan production) ran from 1 on up; and followed the barrel marking Colt’s Fire Arms Factory Hartford America No. (in Russian Cyrillic letters). Arms for American sales bore Colt’s name and the Hartford address in English on the barrel.
Ironically the Berdan was the Colt company’s first metallic cartridge firearm. Patent for the weapon’s breech system had been taken out by Hiram Berdan, known for his legendary Civil War “Sharpshooters” Regiment. The Colt Berdan rifle and carbine represent a pioneer American product in the rapidly growing field of breechloading metallic cartridge military firearms. These weapons are difficult to obtain due to the fact that nearly all of the production was shipped to Russia, and few have returned.
Basic variants are:
Standard model, Russian-order rifles, with Cyrillic barrel markings and serial numbers (numbers also marked on bottom of barrel); total quantity of about 30,000:
| 5B-256 | Values—Very Good $600 | Exc. $1,250 |
Carbines with Cyrillic barrel markings; made in hopes of quantity orders by the Russians; total of not more than 25 made; half stocked:
| 5B-257 | Values—Very Good $3,000 | Exc. $6,000 |
Carbines with Colt, Hartford barrel markings; in attempt to win orders from U.S. government; approximately 25 or less made; half stocked:
| 5B-258 | Values—Very Good $5,000 | Exc. $10,000 |
Standard model military rifle, with Colt barrel markings in English; serial numbers not always present; total quantity in 42 caliber of not more than 100:
| 5B-259 | Values—Very Good $2,500 | Exc. $5,000 |
(Note: A quite rare 45-70 variation of the American version Colt Berdan rifle was also produced, as were variations of the Berdan made up as target rifles [also bearing American markings]. These arms demand a premium.)
Colt Laidley Military Rifle
Colt Laidley Military Rifle. Single shot breechloader with rolling block, split breech, type action (but unlike the Remington or Whitney). Made c. 1867. Total produced 50 of which 25 were in 45 centerfire caliber and 25 in 50 centerfire.
Barrel length 36". Full walnut stock, 2 band fastened. Serial numbered 1 through 50 under barrel. Only marking on the lower numbered specimens F.R.B. under barrel or on front of frame (Franklin R. Bull, Chief Arms Inspector of Springfield Armory sent to Colt’s to help in manufacture of the rifle).
Designed by Col. T.T.S. Laidley, U.S. Army, but not adopted for U.S. service. At Laidley’s request, Colt made these 50 rifles (on plans obtained from Springfield Armory) for submission to Russian ordnance officers. Laidley design was also the basis for the Whitney-Laidley rifle (q.v.):
5B-259.5
| 5B-259.5 | Values—Very Good $2,250 | Exc. $3,500 |
Colt-Franklin Military Rifle
Colt-Franklin Military Rifle. Bolt action breechloader, having a gravity-feed box magazine. Made in 1887-88; the total produced about 50.
45-70 caliber. Magazine capacity 9 shots. Barrel length of 32-1/2".
Serial numbering from 1 on up. Some specimens marked with U.S. government inspector stamps, VP and eagle head, A, U, and US. Colt company name and Hartford address barrel markings not always present.
One of the great rarities in Colt’s production, the Franklin was patented by a vice president of the firm, General William B. Franklin. The hope was for quantity sales to the United States government. The weapon had some basic failings, not the least of which was the quite primitive magazine, and the rifles made appear to have been for experimental and test purposes:
5B-260
| 5B-260 | Values—Very Good $4,500 | Exc. $8,500 |
Colt Model 1878 Double Barrel Shotgun
Model 1878 Double Barrel Shotgun, Exposed Hammers. Made from 1878-89; in a total quantity of 22,690.
Gauges: 10 and 12. Side by side barrels; sidelocks. Barrel lengths standard at 28", 30" and 32"; other lengths available on order. All barrels manufactured in Belgium and sent “in the white” to Colt’s where they were assembled and finished in a great variety of “Damascus” patterns (see discussion of same, Chapter XVII) many reaching complex and aesthetic heights and far greater than the mere four styles/grades (TWIST...FINE TWIST...LAMINATED...DAMASCUS) advertised for them. Occasionally found with extra set of matched numbered barrels; worth premium of 50 percent or more. Double triggers.
Oil stained or varnished checkered walnut stocks (uncheckered on very plainest grade); pistol grip standard; straight stocks scarcer and usually bring premium. Metal parts finished as follows: Locks, breech, and forend mounts casehardened; barrels blued or browned, and feature damascus patterns.
Serial numbering from 1 on up; marked in various positions, but most quickly located on the trigger guard tang. Barrel rib marked: COLT’S PT. F. A. MFG. CO. HARTFORD CT. U.S.A.Gauge markings on bottom of breech area of barrels. Colt’s Pt. F. A. Mfg. Co. marked on lockplates.
Colt’s first double barrel shotgun proved to be a success until competition from less expensive foreign products became excessive. Enthusiasts regard the Colt Model 1878 as one of the finest quality shotguns made in American history. Not a few of these arms continue in use today—though their firing with modern loads (even weak ones) is not recommended.
Major variations are:
Plainest grade, merely line engraving bordering edges of locks, or with just the slightest simple scroll engraving; uncheckered, or very plain checkered stock; broad, coarse “Damascus” patterns on barrel finish:
5B-261
| 5B-261 | Values—Very Good $425 | Exc. $1,150 |
Medium Grade, with more profuse scroll, or simple scene engraving, checkering of better quality as are the patterns of the “Damascus” finishes of the barrels:
| 5B-261.5 | Values—Very Good $625 | Exc. $1,750 |
Finest Grade, profusely engraved, often with detailed game scenes; very delicate and ornate patterns in the “Damascus” barrel finish; elaborate checkering and stock work:
| 5B-262 | Values—Very Good $1,100 | Exc. $5,500 |
(Note: Colt factory ledgers are complete on the Model 1878 shotgun, and provide an exhaustive amount of detail.)
Colt Model 1883 Double Barrel Shotgun
Model 1883 Double Barrel Shotgun, Hammerless. Manufactured from 1883-95; total quantity about 7,366.
Gauges: 10 and 12 (8 ga. known; very rare). Side by side barrels; boxlock action. Barrel lengths standard at 28", 30", and 32"; variations made on special order-lengths as short as 18" and long as 36" recorded. As with the Model 1878 shotgun, all barrels were imported from Belgium and assembled and finished at the Colt factory (see details above). Occasionally found with extra set of matched numbers barrel and worth premium of 50 percent or more. Double triggers.
Oil stained or varnished checkered walnut stocks; pistol grip standard; straight stocks scarcer and usually bring premium. Metal parts finished as follows: Frames and forend mounts casehardened; barrels blued or browned, and feature Damascus patterns of varying grades and qualities.
Serial numbered from 1, with the range 3057 to 4056 left out to suggest a higher production than actually made. Highest recorded number 8366. The serial is quickly located on the trigger guard tang. Barrel rib usually marked: COLT’S PT. F. A. MFG. CO. HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A.Marking of gauge on bottom of breech of barrels. Each side of frame may be marked: COLT. Usually engraved on bottom of frame is the inscription: PATENTED AUG. 22. SEP. 19. 1882.
Among finest quality firearms made in Colt’s long history, the Hammerless Model 1883 ranks among the best grade doubles produced in the entire American arms trade. The limited number completed and the great pains devoted to handling specific orders from often fussy shooters means that a considerable degree of quality and variety is evident in the Model 1883 series. A review of Colt factory serial ledgers shows the exhaustive attention devoted to this pride of the Colt line.
Major variations are:
Standard model, with light engraving, and average checkering; in either 10 or 12 gauge:
5B-263
| 5B-263 | Values—Very Good $600 | Exc. $1,500 |
Finer, Fancier Damascus patterns on barrels; scroll engraved designs on frame:
| 5B-263.5 | Values—Very Good $750 | Exc. $2,250 |
Fanciest grade in which greatest variations in quality observed. Elaborate engraving, often with game scenes; delicate Damascus barrel patterns. Values shown for average specimens, exceptional examples worth premiums:
| 5B-264 | Values—Very Good $1,000 | Exc. $4,750 |
(Note: Colt factory ledgers are complete on the Model 1883 shotgun, and supply exhaustive details.)
Colt Double Barrel Rifle
5B-265
Double Barrel Rifle. Made c. 1879-85; total quantity of about 35. One of the great rarities of Colt collecting.
Calibers are variations of the 45-70. Side by side barrels; sidelocks. Standard barrel length at 28". Double triggers.
Oil stained or varnished checkered walnut stocks. Metal parts finished as follows: Locks, breech, and forend mounts casehardened; barrels blued or browned; balance of metal parts usually blued.
Serial numbering from 1 on up; marked in various locations, but immediately located on trigger guard tang. Two numbers from the Model 1878 Shotgun group were 293 and 397. On the barrel rib: COLT’S PT. F. A. MFG. CO. HARTFORD CT. U.S.A.On lockplates: COLT’S PT. F. A. MFG. CO.
One of the ultra-rarities in Colts, the Double Rifle has a unique appeal to the collector because it was the brainchild of Caldwell Hart Colt, the playboy son of Samuel Colt. Caldwell was an avid gun enthusiast, and maintained a collection at the family home, Armsmear. The major share of Double Rifle production is believed to have been for Caldwell and his friends. This model is not to be confused with the Model 1878 Hammer Shotgun, a few specimens of which have been altered spuriously into double rifles. The Colt Double Rifle is a prize for the advanced collector:
| 5B-265 | Values—Very Good $10,000 | Exc. $27,500 |
Colt-Burgess Lever Action Rifle
Colt-Burgess Lever Action Rifle. Made 1883-85; the total production 6,403.
44-40 caliber. 15-shot magazine and 25-1/2" barrel (rifle), and 12-shot magazine—20" barrel (carbine).
Oil stained walnut stocks. Metal parts blued (barrel and magazine tube occasionally browned); casehardened frames rare, worth premium; the hammer and lever casehardened.
Serial numbering from 1 on up to 6403. Colt company name and Hartford address marking on top of the barrel, accompanied by patent dates from 1873 to 1882. On bottom of the lever: +BURGESS’S PATENTS+.
The only lever action firearm made in any quantity in Colt’s history, the Burgess was part of the company’s attempt to offer shooters a broad range of hand and long guns. According to tradition, and generally considered to be a factual story, the Winchester factory responded to the Colt-Burgess with a showing of revolving handguns that just might go into production—if Colt continued manufacture of their new lever action! After what must have been considerable expense of tooling up, Colt’s suddenly discontinued the Burgess, and today specimens are justifiably prized by collectors. Only a few have survived in fine condition, and the total production run was quite limited. Breakdown was 2,593 carbines and 3,810 rifles.
Major variations are:
Standard model rifle, 25-1/2" barrel, full magazine, blued and casehardened finish (some barrels browned); octagonal barrel; 2,556 made of which 35 had part octagonal, part round barrels; very rare, worth premium:
5B-266
| 5B-266 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $4,750 |
Same as above, but with round barrel (1,219 made):
| 5B-267 | Values—Good $1,000 | Fine $4,750 |
Standard model carbine, 20" barrel, full magazine, blued and casehardened finish (1621 made):
| 5B-268 | Values—Good $1,500 | Fine $5,250 |
Baby Carbine, with lightened frame and barrel; identified in Colt factory ledgers (972 made):
| 5B-269 | Values—Good $1,750 | Fine $6,000 |
Colt Lightning Slide Action, Small Frame
Lightning Model Slide Action Rifle, Small Frame. Produced 1887-1904; the total quantity 89,912. Under serial number 35,300 (approx.) made prior to Dec. 31, 1898.
22 caliber short and long rimfire. 24" barrel the standard length. Factory records indicate special order lengths 9-1/2 inches to 24 inches were also made (and should be verified before acquiring).
Oil-stained walnut stocks; either plain or checkered. Metal parts blued; hammer casehardened.
Serial numbered from 1 on up to 89912. On the barrel the Colt company name and Hartford address marking, with patent dates from 1883 to 1887. Caliber marking on the barrel at breech.
In the Small Frame, 22 caliber slide action rifle, Colt’s made a Lightning Model designed for small game shooting and “plinking,” the first gun of its kind in the factory’s history. Like the Medium Frame Lightning, the 22 was so well constructed that at this writing some specimens are still in service. Competitors’ 22s increasingly made sales difficult, and in the early 20th century the Small Frame Lightning was finally discontinued. Despite the considerable total number produced, the basic variation of the 22 Lightning is:
Standard model; 24" barrel, either round or octagonal; half magazine; straight buttstock:
5B-270
| 5B-270 | Values—Very Good $325 | Exc. $1,000 |
Colt Lightning Slide Action, Medium Frame
Lightning Model Slide Action Rifle, Medium Frame. Made 1884-1902; in a total quantity of 89,777. Under serial number 84,000 (approx.) made prior to Dec. 31, 1898.
32-20, 38-40, and 44-40 calibers (A few in each caliber made in smooth bore; rare; worth premium). 15-shot (rifle with 26" barrel), or 12-shot (carbine, with 20" barrel) magazines. Rifles available in various lengths.
Oil stained walnut stocks; forends usually checkered. Metal parts blued; the hammer casehardened.
Serial numbered from 1 on up to 89777. Colt company name and Hartford address marking on top of barrel, with 1883 patent dates or with 1883, 1885, 1886, and 1887 patent dates. Caliber markings located on breech end of the barrels.
The Medium Frame was the first type Lightning Slide Action brought out by Colt’s factory. It shared chamberings with the Single Action Army and the Double Action Model 1878 Frontier revolvers, in the 32-20, 38-40, and 44-40, and thus could serve as a companion arm. In league with such arms as the Model 1878 and 1883 double barrel shotguns, Colt’s was obviously attempting to capture much more of the gun market than solely handguns. Production of the Medium Frame was rather substantial, but still only minor in comparison with Winchester’s lever action competitor arms. Of all the Lightning rifles, the Medium Frame series offers the greatest degree of variation; they are also appealing to collectors because of the revolver calibers.
Major variants are:
Standard model rifle, 26" barrel, either round or octagonal, first type barrel marking (patent dates 1883 only); without sliding breech cover:
5B-271
| 5B-271 | Values—Very Good $500 | Exc. $2,000 |
Standard model rifle, same as above, but with more common patent barrel marking (1883, 1885, 1886, and 1887); with sliding breech cover:
| 5B-272 | Values—Very Good $475 | Exc. $1,500 |
Military rifles or carbines; with sling swivels, bayonet lugs, shortened magazine tubes, and carbine type buttplates; 44-40 caliber; various barrel lengths:
| 5B-273 | Values—Very Good $1,400 | Exc. $5,500 |
Carbine of standard type, with 20" barrel; adjustable military type sights; round barrel, and carbine buttplate:
| 5B-274 | Values—Very Good $875 | Exc. $3,750 |
Baby Carbine; same as above but of slimmer construction in barrel area; weight of 5-1/4 lbs., rather than the standard carbine’s weight of 6-1/4 lbs.:
| 5B-275 | Values—Very Good $1,450 | Exc. $4,750 |
San Francisco Police Rifles; 44-40 caliber; blued finish, with SFP 1 to SFP 401 number markings on lower tang:
| 5B-276 | Values—Very Good $1,000 | Exc. $3,750 |
(Note: Presence of deluxe features, such as pistol grip stocks, command added premium.)
Colt Lightning Demonstrator
Colt Lightning Cutaway Demonstrator. Factory skeletonized with various shape apertures all parts to view internal mechanism. At least 50 known made 1885-1890 and sent to various Colt dealers for sales promotion purposes (likely others also). Large majority Medium Frame size (other types worth premium). Barrels shortened near breech; stocks by rear tang. If serial number indicates post-1898 manufacture it falls under provisions of GCA and is treated as any modern gun: (also note: a few spurious specimens are known).
5B-276.5
| 5B-276.5 | Values—Fine $2,500 | Exc. $4,500 |
Colt Lightning Slide Action, Large Frame
Lightning Model Slide Action Rifle, Large Frame. Made 1887-94; the total produced 6,496.
Calibers from 38-56 to 50-95 Express (worth premium). Standard rifle barrel length of 28", and carbine of 22". Rifles available in various lengths.
Oil stained walnut stocks; the forends checkered. Metal parts blued; the hammer casehardened.
Serial numbered from 1 on up to 6496. Colt company name and Hartford address marking on top of barrel, with patent dates of 1883, 1885, 1886, and 1887. The caliber markings on left side of the breech end of the barrel.
By far the scarcest of Lightning Colt rifles is the Large Frame group. These rather mammoth slide actions were chambered for big game cartridges, but from a practical standpoint were no competition for the lever action equivalents made in large quantities by Marlin and Winchester. The short production run and limited number of Large Frame (usually called “Express Model”) Lightnings classifies them rather closely in value with the Lever Action Colt-Burgess rifles. However, there are a fair number of variations in the former, particularly due to varying barrel lengths, calibers, and combinations of stocks, sights, and finishes.
The basic variants are:
Standard model rifle, with octagonal 28" barrel, full magazine:
5B-277
| 5B-277 | Values—Very Good $950 | Exc. $3,750 |
Same as above, but with round barrel:
| 5B-278 | Values—Very Good $950 | Exc. $3,750 |
Carbine of standard type, with round barrel, 22" length, full magazine, and any caliber; military style sights, carbine buttplate; 9 lbs. total weight:
| 5B-279 | Values—Very Good $2,750 | Exc. $8,000 |
Baby Carbine, with round barrel, 22" length but of lighter and more slender construction; weight of 8 lbs.:
| 5B-280 | Values—Very Good $3,750 | Exc. $12,500 |
(Note: Presence of deluxe features, such as pistol grip stocks, command added premium.)
The author with Models 1874 and 1877 (“Bulldog”) Gatling guns on cover of his 1959 catalog.
Colt Gatling Gun
Colt Gatling Gun. The first practical machinegun. Invented by Dr. Richard J. Gatling, Indianapolis, Indiana 1861; patented as an “Improvement in Revolving Battery Guns” Nov., 1862. Among most fascinating and largest of antique Colt firearms actively collected.
Resembling a massive pepperbox, the gun lent its name to a common noun once popular (now out of vogue) to describe a repeating handgun … the “gat.” They saw service in numerous historic engagements throughout the world from the 1860’s to slightly after the turn of the century. The outcome of the skirmish at Little Big Horn is debated to this day; had Custer not chosen to leave his three Gatling batteries at Fort Lincoln when he set out to campaign, could the tide of the battle have turned?
Gatling’s invention covered a hand cranked repeating firearm with multi-barrels arranged around a central shaft and individual strikers (later, bolts with firing pins) for each charge (or chamber). The 1862 patent and his development models were hopper-fed, 6 barrel, percussion .58 caliber, using reloadable, individual, auxiliary steel chambers; each fitted with a nipple for the percussion cap. A second model of 1862 was chambered for 58 caliber rimfire metallic cartridges, eliminating the auxiliary chambers. Although given Army trials, the gun was not adopted. Gatling did succeed in interesting Union General Benjamin Butler who purchased 12 guns with personal funds late 1863. Made by the Cincinnati Type Foundry Works, the guns saw service at the siege of Petersburg, June, 1864. The U.S. Navy reported favorably on the gun and also purchased a few during the war; there are no known photographs or records of their use.
Gatling had eight of his guns in 1" caliber made in 1865 by the Cooper Firearms Company of Philadelphia (q.v.). Given extensive trials the gun was officially adopted in 1866 and the fledgling Gatling Gun Company given its first important U.S. order for 100 guns (50 in caliber .50CF; 50 in caliber 1"); most were ten barrel types, a few six barrel. The arrangement for Colt to make the guns was the beginning of the long association with the Gatling Gun Company. Although retaining its name it was ultimately absorbed by Colt.
Gatlings were made in many varieties, from the early Models 1865-66, the Model 1874 (in 45-70 caliber and considered among collectors as “classic”), M. 1879, M1881 and others in the 80’s; M1893 in 30-40 Krag caliber; M. 1895 chambered for 6mm USN; M1903 cal 30-03 and later altered for cal .30-06; declared “obsolete” by U.S. Ordnance in 1911. They were available in numerous configurations and various mountings from large two-wheel field carriages, tripods, naval deck cones and police wagons to unique camel saddles for desert warfare. Among the most revealing documents is a factory price list c. 1880’s describing the host of calibers, numbers of barrels and varying lengths and cartridge feed devices, etc. Calibers shown were from .42, .43, .45, .50, .55, .65, .75 to 1". Collectors are partial to the U.S. issue 45-70 types of the Indian Wars, however all are rare and highly desireable. Most Gatlings have open/exposed barrels, a lesser group is entirely encased in brass. Among those the Model 1877 “Bulldog” with five 18" barrels, weighing 90 pounds, usually on tripod mount, highly desirable, especially for its size. The very rare, diminutive “Police Model 1893” is a great prize with its six short 12" barrels cal 45-70 weighing about 74 pounds.
Colt and Gatling markings on earlier models are usually on a large, heavy, round cast brass plate affixed to the rear brass housing GATLING’S/BATTERY/GUN (patent dates)/MADE BY COLT’S/PT. FIRE ARMS MFG. CO./HARTFORD, CONN. U.S.A.with various dates. (Collectors take note: that plate was quite accurately reproduced a few years ago as a novelty item, some of which have found their devious way into the collectors’ market.) On later models markings were elaborately hand engraved on that same area. Model dates, caliber and serial number are most often seen.
Best references are The Gatling Gun (Wahl & Toppel), The Book of Colt Firearms (Wilson/Sutherland) and The Machine Gun (Col. Chinn, Vol I).
Gatling Values: The subject obviously demands further study by an owner wishing to sell a Gatling or the collector seeking to acquire one. The myriad of variables allow for but the broadest of generalizations. As with any collectible firearm, condition and completeness are important. It has been the author’s observation that any Gatling in near complete condition, lacking a mount of any type, rusted and pitted (but NOT a dug relic!) and in restorable working order is valued in the $20,000 range. Average going prices for various models in complete mechanical order (some minor replaced parts, showing wear, lightly pitted, etc.) with their original yoke and on an authentic, desirable type mount have been $40,000 to $70,000. From that point it’s another ball game where aesthetics, condition and rarity play significant roles and prices hovering between the high five figures and low 6 figures are not unknown.
5B-281
Samuel Colt personal presentation book-cased outfit. Long considered among the most rare type of Colt casing. Engraved Colt Model 1862 revolver with accessories. Both the pistol and the gold-embossed, red leather-covered case bear inscriptions from Sam Colt to Mrs. John B. Floyd, wife of the then recently resigned Secretary of War and soon-to-be Confederate General, John B. Floyd of Virginia. (N. Flayderman & Co., c. 1970)
(*) Preceding a title indicates the book is currently in print.
