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ОглавлениеChapter V-B
Colt Firearms
In the world of antique arms collecting, there is no name more illustrious than that of Colt. In the hearts of many it is synonymous with the American revolver. From their beginnings in 1837, the guns of this maker have a proud and distinct association with virtually every event in American history in war and peace where weapons were used and carried. The quality of the product which led to its ultimate great and lasting success, joined with the fact that many models were manufactured in large quantities, are two major reasons in making Colt collecting vie for top honors as one of the most actively pursued specialties in the arms field. More simply stated, the commercial success of Colt, their longevity and the high production quantities, have afforded more collectors an opportunity to acquire specimens of a broad range of models. Not a few rare American handguns will bring less than half the price of a common Colt merely because the demand has yet to be created for them, nor may they offer either the collecting possibilities or historical associations that the often far commoner Colt does. The collector may well ponder this simply stated fact; it affords interesting possibilities for the future-looking collector on a long range basis.
The lure of Colt collecting is a strong one, pointed out by both the sheer numbers of collectors and the quantity of published works on the subject. Competition for specimens is spirited and very minute variations of seemingly minor points can often cause very great price fluctuations within a single type. Undoubtedly the broadest spread of values can be found within Colt collecting with prices for the commonest specimens starting around $100 and a few extreme rarities and ultra fancy historic specimens achieving prices in the high six figures! By far, the majority of Colts are valued in the three to lower four-figure price range.
Of no small significance in this field is the amount of published data available to the serious collector. Writers have been more prolific about Colts than any other antique weapon. There are a number of extremely fine reference works easily available to verify all major points on every model as well as a vast wealth of related minutiae. The two necessary classics in the Colt field are The Book of Colt Firearms (Sutherland and Wilson) and Colt Firearms From 1836 (Serven). The field is so vast that the collector often specializes within it, e.g., by collecting only percussion Colts or cartridge models; he may even limit himself further by pursuing only Model 1849 Pocket revolvers or Model 1851 Navies, or Single Actions. In each of these three fields a very large and interesting collection is possible. Each also has a number of well documented and researched reference works available dwelling at great length on the most finite of details. Surprisingly, with all the known facts about Colts, published and otherwise, there is always new and fresh information appearing on the subject. Here is an endless source for the researcher; veritably a bottomless mine allowing for extensive and varied investigation.
As previously mentioned, some often innocuous appearing variations and differences can cause great fluctuations in values. In no other specialty are these nuances more evident than with Colts; it is well worth understanding and learning these subtle distinctions as they could make quite a difference in values.
Generally speaking “condition” is the key word in Colt collecting and Colt prices. Seemingly minor differences in condition often cause considerable variance in price. The earlier the gun and the rarer the model, the more this price difference becomes apparent with changes in condition. The percentage of original finish remaining on the gun is extremely important. The condition of that finish—that is, whether it is bright and untouched looking or has been dulled and worn—is equally important. Like acquiring a taste for fine wine, a well-turned ankle or good horse flesh, the talent for judging finish is an acquired one and likely mastered with considerable more ease!
This Colt section lists in chronological order of manufacture every Colt model made from the first Paterson, New Jersey, product to the early double action revolvers and automatics at the turn of the century. The cut-off point was arbitrarily chosen for the models generally considered by the collecting field as the “antique” types. It can be accurately stated that all Colts have a collectibility; most certainly those in which production has ceased. As quite a few such arms fall in the area considered “modern,” they were not felt suitable for inclusion in this work. An attempt has been made to include every so-called standard or major variation of each model manufactured; however, the reader should take note that the mere fact that a variation he might encounter does not appear within this listing does not necessarily mean that said item is great or rare. It should, though, immediately indicate that further research on that piece is worthwhile—the specimen may very well be worth considerably in excess of the standard type found listed.
Rare Colt variations do show up (most, but not all have been listed in the known reference works) and they can be encountered on almost any model in a wide array of features. Those most obvious are odd barrel lengths or calibers, unusual non-standard markings and possibly even basic changes in contour, most especially in the grip area. At this point a further caution must be stated—do not jump to conclusions! The fact that a piece differs from standard does not necessarily mean that it is original! In the 75 to 160 years that the gun might have been in existence, much could have happened after having left the factory; some changes strictly to satisfy the whims of those who used it. Many interesting alterations were made by competent gunsmiths during the period of use; these have acquired an air of originality through the years. When such alterations prove to be non-factory in origin, they generally do not enhance the value of the gun and might very well detract from it. The possibility is ever present too that some latter-day mechanic with larceny in his soul has “improved” the piece merely to catch the unsuspecting collector. When encountering unusual variations, your own common sense and better judgment will have to take precedence.
Variations are quite difficult to evaluate, especially when they are one-of-a-kind. Such features as unique or extra long or extra short original barrel lengths, or major contour changes might be considered important variations and may very well alter the value anywhere from double to five times normal value or possibly more. Such factors as general condition of the gun, its model and period, must all be taken into account and analyzed in pricing these variations. A very minor, uninteresting variation might only slightly (if at all) affect the price of a very late 19th century cartridge Colt revolver, whereas the same variation encountered on an early single action Colt or percussion revolver could very well double the price. Each must be taken on its own merits and a little detective work must be performed to establish precedence of other similar specimens or pieces of similar importance that have been sold in the past. There is considerable room for enhancing values on such a piece, but it requires effort on the part of the reader to find out just how much!
The most basic check point to be made on an antique Colt is the serial number. On all the percussion revolvers—and on a great many of the later cartridge types—all the major component parts should bear matching serial numbers. On most percussion specimens this check is very simply made by quickly scanning the piece to verify if numbers are all matching. If they do not, this doesn’t make the gun any less of a collector’s item, but that fact does make it less valuable. An antique Colt Model 1860 revolver used in the Civil War and now with mismatching numbers on some parts (for instance, the barrel number does not match that of the rest of the gun), is still a genuine Civil War military used revolver that very likely was reassembled in the field during the heat of combat (for the parts were interchangeable) with no thought given to the collector’s value 140 years hence! The gun is just as romantic as one with matched numbers and may even have some known history attached to it, but from the collector’s point of view and the dollars to be placed on it, it just cannot bring what the matched number revolver does. Depending on the condition and quality of it, price can fall anywhere from 10 percent to 50 percent of the matched number specimen.
A further word about numbers. On minor parts such as the barrel wedge, if unnumbered or mismatched, the price is rarely affected. There are some purists who will not want that gun with the mismatched wedge number in their collection and it might be slightly more difficult to sell, but its value is the same whether the number matches or not. A mismatched number on a loading lever will most definitely detract from the value, but if the condition matches the gun, the mismatched number will probably affect it only 10 percent or less. A mismatched number on any other major piece is serious as far as value is concerned. It will be found that sometimes collectors blink their eyes at a mismatched number—almost as if it did not exist. This is true only on a superlative specimen that might be mint or about mint condition. If that mismatched number appears on a major part, yet the part matches in condition, it will be found that the mint or near mint gun will still fetch just about (though not quite as much) as the matched number specimen. This seems to occur only on pieces in superlative condition, but again, there is a definite sales resistance to them on the part of many collectors. The only other major numbering error that does seem to occasionally occur and which has a valid background, is a transposed digit. Colts were all hand-numbered with individual die stamps for each digit and human errors did occur. For instance a Colt Model 1851 Navy with all matching numbers 5432 has a serial number on the cylinder stamped 5423. It may be taken for granted (especially if the condition of the cylinder matches that of the rest of the gun) that this was merely a defect caused by a workman transposing the two last digits when he hand-stamped the dies. It has been the author’s experience that such single transposed numbers might embitter a few purists who would turn up their noses at such a piece, but the majority of collectors would gladly accept the gun and pay exactly the same for it as other matched number pieces. A further tip on inspecting numbers—and worth mention in passing: occasionally renumbered guns will be encountered; that is, a piece with a mismatched number which somewhere along the line has been “improved” by matching the number again. The mismatched number had been ground off and then the piece was die stamped with new numbers matching the existing numbers. In almost every example encountered, it is near impossible to match dies perfectly to the existing numbers on the gun. If suspicious, examine the numbers with a magnifying glass. In almost every instance the dies used to stamp the suspicious numbers will not match identically with those of the Colt factory dies; chances are the gun part was spuriously altered.
Original blue finish, as previously mentioned, is a key factor in determining the value of a Colt. To easily outline a simple formula on how to tell original blue finish from reblued is somewhat like trying to describe the color red! For a starter it would be best to compare a known fine original blued Colt with a reblued one. Your eyes should immediately pick up just that right color tone which is Colt’s and no one else’s. It doesn’t take long to acquire the knack of it; just a little care and patience. Original Colt finishes are quite distinctive—especially on antique pieces—and rarely, if ever, have they been accurately duplicated by present-day methods. There are, of course, other dead giveaways to tell if the gun has been refinished. Such material has been covered in the introductory chapters to this book and the reader is referred to them.
A Colt that is sometimes observed and easy to spot as refinished is the piece that has apparently much “original” finish including bluing on the cylinder, yet no cylinder engraved scene remains. A classic excuse is “… It must have been one that left the factory without engraving.” Well that just isn’t the case and it didn’t happen, so watch out for those types. Another matter of interest and a point worth bearing in mind is the feature of cylinder engraving on antique Colts. When these scenes do appear on many models, the design was rolled into the steel of the cylinder under very heavy pressure, making an indentation in the surface. Hence, it takes quite an amount of wear to obliterate these designs. When a piece appears that apparently has considerable original finish on most of the gun and yet the cylinder design is worn smooth and cannot be seen, it is also a good time to look it over very closely; chances are there has been some type of alteration to the gun. It is just plain common sense that the blue finish—which is merely a super thin surface-applied coloration—would wear much more quickly than the deep die impressed designs on the metal itself. There is, of course, considerably more to Colt collecting than these few pointers; they are, though, a good start for the uninitiated gun trader!
A little further discussion of finish; blue versus nickel. On Colts, especially with the later cartridge revolvers and automatics, the choice condition specimens (those mint or near mint), will fetch about equal prices for blue or nickel when that finish is normally found and is standard to the piece. When finish shows wear and declines, there then exists a decided value difference. A gun with 70 percent blue finish is considered quite fine and is usually quite appealing to the eye; that very same gun with only 70 percent nickel finish remaining very often has a blemished or spotted appearance and might very well show considerable hard wear as well. From the point of view of original preservation, nickel was by far the sturdier, harder wearing finish; from the point of view of esthetics to the collector, nickel doesn’t quite stack up to the blued guns after it shows some wear. Thus, as a general rule-of-thumb, for guns that are not mint or near mint, blued finish specimens are in somewhat higher demand and more eagerly sought after as they generally have a better appearance. Also, that same blued gun will normally fetch more in price than the same model with an identical percentage of nickel remaining. This principle is certainly not hard and fast, many exceptions exist depending on the individual specimen.
Bore conditions on Colts are often important in establishing or affecting values. This is especially true with later cartridge types of large size and caliber and a number of the cartridge rifles and shotguns. Generally bores do not play an important role in pricing the percussion revolvers, although a very poor or deteriorated bore with a major defect very likely will detract from the price. On the big single and double action cartridge revolvers and especially those in target grades as well as the lever action and pump action rifles, bore is quite important to consider when arriving at value and it should at least match in grade the exterior condition of that piece. In many other instances bore will not affect the value one way or the other, but it most decidedly will influence the desirability for that particular piece on the collector’s market. A number of collectors might immediately rule a piece out unless the bore is fine; likewise there are others who just do not care.
Fancy original factory engraved specimens will be found in every model of Colt. All engraved Colts are desirable and all are considerably more valuable than plain specimens. After that generality, it becomes a new ball game for the collector or dealer trying to evaluate a piece in monetary terms. Considerable care and study should be given before determining same. Fortunately the subject is treated in a number of works and is covered at great depth in the classic The Book of Colt Engraving by R. L. Wilson.
From Colt’s beginnings at Paterson, New Jersey, and continuing through to present day, the Colt factories have employed engravers to work full-time for them decorating arms for special presentation or gift purposes or at the request and order of their customers. Earliest pieces are usually decorated very sparsely with floral and scroll motifs. As the years progressed, designs became more elaborate and lavish. Factory engravers are often unknown; most master engravers are known by name and style. Engraved specimens are usually priced by the model on which these designs and motifs appear. Some are very often encountered like the Model 1849 Pocket revolver and the small 22 caliber “Open Top” spur trigger revolver. Style of engraving and quality are factors influencing value; some patterns are very commonly found while others are rare; extremely deep engraving in which the designs appear to be in high relief is a very rare style as are panels on various parts of the gun in which patriotic motifs or portraits or unusual scenes appear. Original gold or silver inlays are great rarities, seen only on the most elaborate Colt arms. Condition plays a highly important role on engraved guns also. Engraving on the very early pieces, that is, the Paterson series, the Dragoons, Baby Dragoon and Wells Fargo models, are among the least encountered, and hence, some of the more valuable. It is on these fancy engraved specimens of all types that competition and bidding is the keenest. At the very least, and the lowest quality and condition, the presence of engraving will at a minimum double the price. From that point on, it is up to the reader to do some leg work. To be noted and well remembered: In the engraved Colt line some of the most flagrant violations in the ethics of arms collecting are found. Demand has always been so strong and the market so wide for engraved Colts that spurious specimens have been circulating for quite some time, many of them almost beginning to acquire the patina of age! Forewarned is forearmed.
Grips are an important facet of Colt collecting. Usual factory installed grips were walnut; specimens herein are priced for their standard factory installed types. The factory on many occasions, especially on fancy engraved pieces, used more exotic materials such as ivory, pearl or burled and circassian grained wood; a few very rare specimens were even custom stocked with wood from the famed Connecticut Charter Oak tree (some are so marked). Assuming that grips are in good condition, (that is, not broken, chipped, cracked or badly worn) original factory plain, uncarved ivory or pearl grips on smaller specimens are worth a minimum of $75 extra and at a minimum $100 to $175 extra on the large models. On rare models or extremely early models, fancy grips would be worth considerably more. Seemingly minor features such as original checkering on ivory grips—if established as factory work—would bring an added premium. Factory grips bearing high relief carving (usually encountered with patriotic, military or eagle motifs) would immediately place them in the scarce, often rare, category and at least $400 should be added—providing they are in sound condition. Price could be increased considerably depending on elaborateness and quality of carving. Again, a word of caution is offered: Grips should be inspected very closely to determine originality. As prices are high and demand great, these too have brought forth a whole host of spurious specimens.
Early ivory grips are usually one piece; later types appear as one piece but have a wood block in center joining them. Almost all pearl grips are two piece. First use of the gilt medallion with rampant horse trademark, deeply inset in grip, was 1911; after 1920 the medallion was flush with surface.
Cased outfits are often encountered in Colt collecting. It was a common occurrence during the day of their manufacture to sell complete sets. Standard casings normally consisted of: A walnut box with velvet lining over the compartmented type interior; the revolver itself; a number of accessories including a two-cavity bullet mold, a powder flask (often marked “Colt’s Patent,” but not always), a combination screwdriver-nipple wrench, possibly a packet of cartridges and a small canister of percussion caps. Cased sets are most often encountered in the percussion series and are quite scarce in later cartridge models. Most often seen is the Model 1849 Pocket revolver, followed by the Model 1851 Navy. From that point on the scarcity increases noticeably. The earliest revolvers of the Paterson series and those in the Dragoon series are very rare. Generally, the commonest type case, that is, for the 1849 Pocket model, may be worth by itself $1,000 to $2,000, while in the 1851 Navy size, it would be worth, in very fine condition, approximately $3,000 (empty) on the current collector’s market. Occasionally a rare form of case is encountered such as a double size or even a triple size, considered great rarities. Another highly desirable type is the so-called “French Style”, usually made of an elaborately grained, exotic wood, often brass edged and having a lining of plush materials which is recessed in contour shape specially fitted for the specific gun; accessories are usually extra fancy also. Such cases are highly sought after and, depending on their condition, can add considerably to the gun. The collector is cautioned to carefully inspect any Colt case encountered. This has been an especially lucrative area for the unscrupulous for the past 50 years. There are but few general rules-of-thumb for spotting a fake case and no definitive guides. It takes a little experience and know-how; but a few of the most basic features are mentioned here. For starters, turn the case over and see what the underside looks like. If there is no wear on it at all (or only the slightest) or it has been heavily refinished, then be wary. A genuine case always shows considerable wear on the underside and the wood itself is unfinished and will have acquired a nice patina that only age can give it. Following that, take a good look at the compartmenting and the overall fit. Genuine cases were well made by competent workmen; this is where many fakers fall down. Another feature worth checking is the condition of the material and the point where aging occurs. Normally a gun sitting in a case for a century will have caused certain indentations, grease marks and stains and there will be a certain amount of fading. None of these features will offer proof positive as to the originality of the case, but they are good starting points. Printed paper labels, usually “DIRECTIONS FOR LOADING” are often found intact, affixed to the inner lid of a Colt casing. They add interest and desirability to the outfit and possibly a small premium to value. Such labels have been copied, falsely aged and added to outfits to make them more attractive. They are most often encountered on mediocre conditioned outfits or an antique box relined to resemble an authentic Colt case. They should be closely examined.
Quite a few antique copies and infringements were made of Colt revolvers during the height of their popularity and fame. A few were even made in Europe under license from Col. Colt— most notably the Model 1851 Navy. A number of unauthorized copies of varying degrees of quality were made in Belgium, France, Turkey, Austria, Spain and probably Mexico. Some copies were made as late as the turn of the century or in the early 20th century. All are bona fide antique collector’s items and all are certainly considered suitable for inclusion in a Colt collection. Prices vary considerably with style, quality of workmanship, period of manufacture and, of course, condition. Most often encountered are copies of the Model 1851 Navy. Fine conditioned specimens of good workmanship bring comparable prices to the Hartford made Navies, possibly just slightly less. Those of lesser qualities (and there are many) usually bring less than 50 percent of Hartford made pieces. Dragoons were also copied, but not quite as faithfully as the Navies and usually undersized; they are valued considerably less. A few specimens exist of Paterson copies and are considered quite rare if a faithful facsimile. A number of less accurate copies were made only generally following the Colt pattern are considered peripheral to a Colt collection. In the later cartridge era, quite a few copies and spurious infringements were made. Generally speaking they bring considerably less (often but a fraction) than the price of the Colt after which they were fashioned. Quite a few interesting examples of single action infringements exist and represent interesting curiosa in a collection. Price-wise and quality-wise, they are far removed from the Colt made Single Action. Of course, the Confederate copies of Colts are a field to themselves and have been treated as such in their own chapter in this work.
In the last decades, with the popularity of reenactments of Civil War battles and revival of black powder muzzle loading shooting, a wide range of modern made, faithful, recreations of Colt revolvers have been produced and are readily available on the market. A small number of spurious repros, that is, those that have been fake-aged to resemble antiques, have filtered into the antique arms market. There should be no cause for alarm. The collector duped by one has no one to blame but himself. Although some repros have been quite cleverly aged, they rarely, if ever, have been found expert enough to fool even the novice who is armed with but the slightest degree of knowledge and common sense. It is hoped that this statement will not be construed as a challenge to the prospective faker! In every instance encountered or investigated it has been found that anyone selling these fakes knows exactly what they are and that usually the buyer has failed to exercise good judgment. There are many points about these reproductions that make them quite readily identifiable as such and as yet it has not been found that they are any threat to antique gun collecting. The buyer would do well to steer a wide path around anyone known handling this type of arm and passing them off as genuine antiques. The most often encountered disclaimer by one peddling such weapons, when asked as to its originality, is “…I don’t know, that’s the way I got it!”
Except for a limited amount of percussion revolvers made at Paterson, New Jersey (1836-42) and their short lived London, England factory (1852-57), all Colt revolvers, regardless of markings on the barrel, were made in the Hartford, Connecticut factories. Although the great bulk of Colt percussion revolvers bear the barrel markings “Address Sam’l Colt - New York City,” Colt merely maintained a large sales office there. The barrel markings were applied to take advantage of the name of that famed city since Colt felt that address lent his products more prestige than a Hartford address. The early Colts which bear Hartford markings, most notably those in the Model 1849 Pocket revolver series, had that address applied in order to distinguish them from regular Hartford production; such pieces were actually made from parts shipped back from the closed Colt London factory. Of the London marked pieces, basically only the Model 1849 and Model 1851 Navy were made there in quantity. Almost all others, even though bearing “London” markings of some type, were most likely made in the Hartford plant. The “London” markings were applied in Hartford with the pieces being specifically earmarked for sale abroad and to capture the English market. The complete story of these “London” guns and markings can be found discussed at great length in Colt reference works. Many interesting variations appear in them and some are extremely rare.
Low serial numbers are an enticing feature on all Colts. They in no way affect the appearance nor the operation of the piece nor represent a variance of any type; merely an eccentricity of Colt collecting. Anything with three digits or lower is most desirable in a Colt serial number and a premium may be added for it. If a two-digit number is present, the premium would be higher and if a single digit serial number, the premium may possibly double the price. There is no fixed rule and in most instances it is a case of “what the market will bear.” One will find that in some cases the number doesn’t impress everybody, and with a premium too high, even a top-notch collector would pass it by.
Colt collectors and researchers will be pleased to learn that factory records of serial numbers for some earlier percussion revolvers and the great majority of cartridge models remain in existence and have been maintained to the present. For percussion models the following are available in the specific serial ranges indicated: Model 1851 Navy Revolver: serials 98,000 to 132,000; Model 1861 Navy Revolver: Serial No. 1 through 12,000; Model 1860 Army Revolver: Serial No. 1 through 140,000. Some “Pocket Model 1849 Revolver” serials are available (best to inquire first by phone or letter); numbers also available for the Model 1871-72 Open Top revolver and all of the Single Action Armies through serial number range 343,000 (plus the single-action 44 rimfire. Also, most other cartridge handguns. Limited records are available for the Colt Lightning Rifles and most of the double-barrel 1878 and 1883 shotguns as well as other long arms. To acquire a detailed schedule of the varied information available and research fees applicable write to: COLT ARCHIVE PROPERTIES LLC., P.O. Box 1868, Hartford, Conn. 06144-1868 (telephone: 860-236-6311). Recently the archive offered a “premium telephone service” for the Colt Single-Action Revolvers and an “expedited phone service” for all other models.
New collectors will be pleased to learn there is an organization (founded in 1980) that has devoted itself specifically to Colt firearms. In addition to scheduled meetings, members receive a quarterly magazine which includes informative articles about many facets of Colt collecting. For further details, contact: COLT COLLECTORS ASSOCIATION, P.O. BOX 2241, LOS GATOS, CALIFORNIA 95031...or their website: www.coltcollectorsassoc.com.
To acquire a general perspective and time sequence for all Colt models that are listed in this section, a very brief history of the Colt company is useful. The subject has been so widely and well covered in numerous works and at such great length and depth that to attempt a history would do it injustice. A chronological review of Colt company history appears in the appendix of The Book of Colt Firearms.
Samuel Colt (1814-1862) inventor of the revolver bearing his name, secured his first patent in February, 1836. A stock company known as the “Patent Arms Manufacturing Company” was formed in 1836 to manufacture these revolvers at Paterson, New Jersey. The company went into bankruptcy in 1842 with considerable litigation ensuing between Colt and the other investors in the immediately following years. During the years 1843 to 1846, Samuel Colt produced no further pistols. In 1847, with the assistance of a U. S. Government contract, he manufactured the famed “Walker Colt” at the factory of Eli Whitney in Whitneyville, Connecticut, and in the following year, 1848, he reestablished himself with his own factory at Hartford, Connecticut, where Colt firearms have been made ever since.
The reader is urged to review the introductory material to this book, giving the exact definition of the NRA Standards which comprise the terms good, very good, fine and excellent.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
*Bady, D. B. Colt Automatic Pistols. Los Angeles: Borden Publishing Company, 1955, 1956, 1971 (Revised and enlarged 1973). An important and standard reference for Colt automatics.
Barnard, Henry. Armsmear. Hartford: Mrs. Samuel Colt, 1868. With reprint by Beinfeld Publishing Co., North Hollywood, 1978. Biography of Sam Colt by his wife. Considered a rarity amongst Colt collector items.
*Boorman, Dean K. The History of Colt Firearms. London, England: Salamander Books, 2001. Wide coverage; introductory text designed to appeal to a broad audience. Profuse color and b& w illustrations.
*Breslin, J. D., Pirie, W. Q., Price, D. E. Variations of Colt's New Model Police and Pocket Breech-Loading Pistols. Lincoln, Rhode Island: Andrew Mowbray Inc. Publishers, 2002. A type-by-type guide to Colt factory, small-frame conversions from percussion to cartridge of the Model 1862 “Police” and “Pocket Navy” revolvers…many of which were actually made as cartridge pistols. A significant reference.
Brown, David M. The 36 Calibers of the Colt Single Action Army. Albuquerque, New Mexico: David M. Brown Publisher, 1965. Mostly a catalog of one-man’s collection with emphasis on variations, chambering and markings. Some of the material does not stand up under the light of critical examination.
*Brunner, John W. The Colt Pocket Hammerless Automatic Pistols. Williamstown, N.J.: Phillips Publications, 1998.
*Campbell, Robert. Model 1911 Automatic Pistol. Accokeek, M.D.: Stoeger Publishing, 2005.
*Clawson, C.W. Colt .45 Service Pistols; Models Of 1911 And 1911A1. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Privately published by author 1991.
*Cochran, K. Colt Cavalry, Artillery and Militia Revolvers. Rapid City, South Dakota: Cochran Publishing Co., 1987. Much detail on all models and minutiae.
*Cochran, K. Colt Peacemaker British Model. Rapid City, South Dakota: 1984.
*Cochran, K. Colt Peacemaker Ready Reference Handbook. Rapid City, South Dakota: 1985.
*Cochran, K. A. Colt Peacemakers Encyclopedia. Rapid City, South Dakota: Privately published, 1986. Voluminous entries and illustrations. Volume II published 1991, Rapid City, South Dakota: Cochran Publishing Co.
Cochran, K. A. Peacemaker: Evolution and Variations. Rapid City, South Dakota: Colt Collector Press, 1975. Coverage from the Model 1851 Navy through the birth of the Peacemaker listing many of the known variations.
Colt, Mrs. Samuel. “A Memorial of Caldwell Hart Colt.” Hartford, Conn.: Privately printed, 1894. Memoir about only child of Samuel Colt that reached adulthood.
Edgerly, James H. “The Revolving Cylinder Colt Pistol Story 1839-1847.” Topeka, Kansas: Privately printed, 1937. Monograph. Written to support validity of four allegedly rare transitional Colt Walkers exposed as fakes 35 years later.
Edwards, W. B. The Story of Colt’s Revolver. Harrisburg: Stackpole Company, 1953. An excellent, highly detailed biography of Sam Colt with considerable important data on the development and manufacture of the guns also.
Fluck, John J. Colt-Root Model 1853. Topeka, Kansas: F.T. Dexter, Publisher, 1950. Significant first study of the Root (24-page monograph).
*Garton, George. Colt’s S.A.A. Post War Models. N. Hollywood, California: Beinfield Publishing Co., 1979. Revised edition: Highland Park, N.J.: Gun Room Press, 1987. Wealth of data. Important reference.
*Goddard, W. H. D. The Government Models; Development of the Colt Model of 1911. Lincoln, R.I.: Mowbray Publishing Co., 1988. Great wealth of detail; fine illustrations.
*Grant, E. S. The Colt Legacy. Providence, R. I.: Mowbray Publishing Co. 1982. The story of the Colt Armory at Hartford, 1855-1980. Company history with considerable information on firearms, also.
Grant, Ellsworth S. The Colt Armory; A History of Colt's Manufacturing Co. Lincoln, R. I. Mowbray Publishing, 2005. Revised, re-titled and considerably enlarged reprint of 1980 Edition. A classic work.
*Greeley IV, Horace The Colt U.S. General Officer’s Pistol Lincoln, Rhode Island: Mowbray Publishers, 1989. Definitive account of these unique autos with extensive tables of serials and dates of issue.
Grennell, D. The Gun Digest Book of the .45. Northbrook, Illinois: DBI Books, Inc., 1989.
*Hamilton, John G. Colt’s History & Heroes. Aledo, Illinois: World Wide Gun Report, Inc. 1963. Discusses Colt’s popularity due to role in America’s history; defines historical, presentation, inscribed pistols and those associated with history by some form of written evidence; how to authenticate the historical pistol.
Hacker, L. Colt Single Action Army Revolver. Little Rock Arkansas: Privately published, 1982. Pocket guide of serial numbers reprinted 1989 by Pioneer Press, Union City, Tenn.
Haven, C. T. and Belden, F. A. A History of the Colt Revolver. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1940 (numerous reprints circa 1960s-70). One of the earliest Colt books; necessary for complete Colt book shelf, but mostly superseded by later works.
Hemphill, J.R. Colts From Texas And The Old West. Actworth, Georgia: Star Printers, 1990. A browsing book. Mostly fuzzy, poorly lighted photos, slight text.
Hosley, William Colt: The Making of an American Legend. Amherst, Mass: University of Mass., 1991. Fine Colt family and factory history.
*Houze, Herbert G. Colt Presentations From the Factory Ledgers 1856-1869. Lincoln, Rhode Island: Andrew Mowbray Inc. -Publishers, 2003. A primary source and reference documenting hundreds of Colt presentations and gifts of firearms.
*Houze, Herbert G. Samuel Colt Arms, Art, and Invention. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press in association with Wadsworth Athenaeum Museum, Hartford, Conn., 2006; printed as a catalog to accompany the most important collection of Colt revolvers (including the personal collection of Samuel Colt) ever assembled. This sumptuous work adds significantly to Colt lore. An important reference.
Houze, Herbert G. Colt Rifles and Muskets 1847 to 1870. Iola, Wisc: Krause Publications, 1996.
*Hughs, James B. The Gatling Gun Notebook; A Collection of Data and Illustrations. Lincoln, R.I.: A. Mowbray Publishers, 2000.
*Jenkins, Bill. U.S. Military Match and Marksmanship Automatic Pistols. Lincoln, R.I.: Mowbray Publishing, 2005. Primarily concentrates on the Colt M1911 and other Colts with inclusion of S& Ws, High Standards, etc.
*Jordan, R.M. and Watt, D.M. Colt’s Pocket ’49. Its Evolution Including Baby Dragoon & Wells Fargo...(mfd. at Hartford & London). Loma Mar, Cal.: Privately pub. by author D.M. Watt. 2000. An highly significant study that will likely become the the basic text for the model. Issued simultaneously with a pocket-size “Summary.”
Keogh, G. Samuel Colt’s New Model Pocket Pistols. Ogden: Privately published by the author, 1964. Detailed study of the Root Model 1855 side hammer revolvers. Classic and standard reference to the subject.
Kopec, J.A. and Fenn, H.S. Colt Cavalry & Artillery Revolvers: A Continuing Study. Newport Beach, Cal.: Graphic Publishing, 1994.
*Kopec, J., Graham, R. and Moore, C. K. A Study of the Colt Single Action Army Revolver. LaPuente, California: Privately published by the author, 1976. Standard reference; massive size with wealth of associated material. Reprinted 2006.
*Kopec, John A. Colt Cavalry And Artillery Revolvers. Whitmore, California: Kopec Publications, 1994. Continuing, detailed study of Colt single actions by noted authority.
Kuhnhausen, J. The Colt Double Action Revolvers; A Shop Manual. Vols. I & II. Idaho: VSP Publishers, 1988. Parts lists and detailed breakdown drawings.
*Longfield, G.M. and Basnett, D.T. Observations on Colt’s Second Contract Nov. 2, 1847. Alexandria Bay, N.Y.: Museum Restoration Service, 1998. Monograph (see 5B-024).
Lord, D. M. Colt Bibliography. Privately published by the author, 1966. Lists hundreds of articles appearing in most well known arms periodicals and books on Colt firearms.
Maxwell, S. L. Colt-Burgess Magazine Rifle. Dallas, Texas: Taylor Publishing Company, 1985. Highly detailed coverage.
McDowell, R. Bruce “A Study of Colt Conversions & Other Percussion Revolvers.” Iola, Wisc: Krause Publications, 1997. Significant treatise and major reference.
Mills, F. P. Colt Double Rifles. Greenfield: Privately published by the author, 1953. Important reference and study of these rare Colt longarms.
Mitchell, J. L. Colt—the Man, the Arms, the Company. Harrisburg: Stackpole Company, 1959. Reference source for much original material; exact facsimiles of original letters and documents relating to Sam Colt and the factory up to 1865.
Moore, C. K. Colt Revolvers and the U.S. Navy 1865-1889. Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania: Dorrance & Co., Inc., 1987.
*Moore, C. Kenneth Colt Single Action Army Revolvers And The London Agency. Lincoln, Rhode Island: Mowbray Publishers, 1990. Detailed study of relationship between Hartford and their British agency.
*Moore, C. Kenneth Colt Single Action Army Revolver Study; New Discoveries. Lincoln, R.I.; Mowbray Publishing, 2003. A follow-up to his earlier and classic work (co-authored with Kopec); updated with much new material from original archives; important serial number data.
*Moore, C. Kenneth. Colt Single Action Army Revolvers; U.S. Alterations. Lincoln, R.I.: Mowbray Publishers. Comprehensive study of the so-called “Artillery Model.”
*Murphy, Bob Colt New Service Revolvers. Aledo, Illinois: Gun Report, 1993. Monograph.
Ogle, John Colt Memorabilia Price Guide. Iola, Wisc.: Krause Publications, 1998.
*O’Meara, R.H. Colt’s Single Action Army Revolver. Iola, Wisc.: Krause Publications, 1999. Introductory source for black powder shooters and about Single Action Legend, romance and rivals.
Parsons, J. E. New Light on Old Colts. New York: Privately published by the author, 1955. Detailed study from the Colt Civil War shipping ledgers; much original source information.
Parsons, J. E. The Peacemaker and Its Rivals. New York: William Morrow and Company, 1950. An all-time classic on the Colt Single Action Army, its evolution, antecedents, rivals, popularity, variations and data on its volume, serial numbers and sales.
*Parsons, J. E. Samuel Colt’s Own Record. Hartford: Connecticut Historical Society, 1949. Important reference on the design and production of the Walker Colt from the original records of transactions with Walker and Eli Whitney in 1847.
Parsons, John E. “Catalog of Loan Exhibition of Percussion Colt Revolvers & Conversions 1836-1873.” N.Y. City: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1942. Milestone in Colt collecting; first major exhibit by an important museum.
Phillips, P. R. & Wilson, R. L. Paterson Colt Pistol Variations. Dallas, Texas: Jackson Arms, 1979. Highly detailed, profusely illustrated definitive reference for Paterson longarms and handguns. A work of major significance.
*Phillips, W. G. & Vervloet, J. P. U.S. Single Action Cartridge Handgun Holsters 1870-1910. Bloomfield, Ontario: Museum Restoration Service, 1987. Detailed, well illustrated monograph.
*Potocki, John The Colt Model 1905 Automatic Pistol. Lincoln, R.I.: A. Mowbray Publishers, 1998.
Rapley, Robin J. Colt Percussion Accoutrements 1834-1873. Privately published by author: Newport Beach, California, 1994. Extensive, detailed, pioneer work. Profusely illustrated. Soft covers.
*Rapley, Robin J. The History and Identification of Colt Accoutrements 1834-1911: Paterson to Automatic. Christchurch, New Zealand: Published by author, 2006. Entirely new, much updated, greatly enlarged work. Classic coverage of this highly significant subject. Hard covers.
Renwick, William G. The Folding Trigger Paterson Colt. Privately published by author, 1934. First significant treatise on the model. Monograph.
Rhea, D. & V. How the Colt Navy .36 Was Fired. Wood River, Illinois, 1985.
Roes, K.T., (Editor) Colt and its Collectors. Wordsworth Publisher, 2003. Catalog of Colt collectors association exhibit; Colt, The Legacy of a Legend. At the Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming.
Rohan, J. “Yankee Arms Maker.” N.Y. City: Harper & Bro., 1935. Biography of Samuel Colt with some facts askew.
Rosa, J. G. Col. Colt London. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1976. Detailed reference on Colt’s London factory and the arms produced there and bearing those markings.
*Rosa, Joseph G. Colt Revolvers And The Tower Of London. London, England: Royal Armory, 1988. General study of Colts with some specific data on English models and usage. Soft covers.
Rywell, Martin “Trial of Samuel Colt.” Harriman, Tenn: Pioneer Press, 1955. The landmark case Colt won over Mass. Arms Co. for patent infringement. Actual court transcript. A major source of information on the manufacture of revolving arms of the period.
Serven, J. E. Colt Firearms From 1836. Santa Ana: The Foundation Press; numerous updated editions since the original in 1954. One of the most important, often referred to and widely respected Colt references. Reprinted 1992.
Sheldon, D. A Collector’s Guide to Colt .38 Auto-Model 1900. Willernie, Minnesota, 1987.
Shumaker, P. L. Colt’s Variations of the Old Model Pocket Pistol, 1848-1872. Beverly Hills: Fadco Publishing Company, 1957 (revised edition 1966). Classic reference; highly detailed study of the Baby Dragoon and Model 1849 Pocket revolvers in all their variations.
*Silva, Lee A. The Wyatt Earp—Colt “Buntline Special” Controversy. Newport Beach, Cal.: Graphic Publications, 1995.
Sutherland, R. Q. and Wilson, R. L. The Book of Colt Firearms. Kansas City: Privately published by R. Q. Sutherland, 1971; reprinted 1993 by Blue Book Publishing Co. One of the most important reference works ever published on the subject. Massive in size and scope; exquisitely illustrated.
*Swayze, N. L. ’51 Colt Navies. Yazoo City: Privately published by the author, 1967. Classic reference on the Colt Model 1851 and its many variations. Reprinted by the Gun Room Press, Highland Park, New Jersey, 1991.
Sweeney, Fred A Guide To The Proper Accoutrements For Hartford Produced Percussion Colt Revolvers. Privately published by author, 1993. Spiral bound.
Tivey, T. Colt Rifle 1884-1902. New South Wales: Clouston & Hall, 1984. Covers the Colt Burgess and Lightning models.
Ulrich, Arthur L. “A Century of Achievement.” Hartford, Conn: Colt F.A. Co., 1936. Among first Colt histories. Paper covers.
Virgines, George E. The Saga of the Colt Six Shooter New York City: Frederick Fell, Inc. 1969.
Wahl, P. & Toppel, D. “The Gatling Gun.” N.Y. City: ARCO Publishing, 1965. The most important reference to the subject. Highly regarded.
Whittington, Robert D., III. The Colt Whitneyville-Walker Pistol. Hooks, Texas: Brownlee Books, 1984. A study of the pistol and the men associated with its development, manufacture and use.
*Whittington, Robert D. III. The Walker's Walker Controversy Solved. Hooks, Tex. Privately published, 2003. Monograph and follow-up to author's earlier work (q.v.) about uncertainty of serial numbers of famous Colt Walker Model given by Colt to Capt. Walker.
*Wilkerson, Don The Post-War Colt Single Action Revolver 1955-1975. Dallas, Texas: Taylor Publishing Co. 1978; second edition 1980. Detailed coverage of famed single action in its most recent series and variations since WWII.
Wilkerson, Don The Post-War Colt Single Action Revolver 1976-1986. Dallas, Texas: Privately published by author, 1986.
*Wilkerson, Don Colts Single Action Army Revolver; Pre-War/Post-War Model. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Privately published by author 1991.
Wilkerson, Don Colt Double-Action Revolver Model of 1878. Marceline, Missouri: Walsworth Publishing Co., 1998. Exceptionally detailed coverage of the many variations and illustrations of the well known Colt “Double Action Frontier.”
*Wilkerson, Don Colt Scouts Peacemakers In New Frontiers In .22 Caliber Kansas City, Missouri: Cherokee Publications, 1993.
Wilson, R. L. The Colt Heritage: The Official History of Colt Firearms—1836 to the Present. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979. The “official” history as authorized by the Colt Firearms Division. The Colt story from its beginning through 1978 with elaborate serial number tables as an appendix; exceptional illustrations.
*Wilson, R. L. Colt—An American Legend. New York: Abbeville Press, 1985. Basically same as The Colt Heritage (see above) with added material on serial numbers.
Wilson, R. L. & Hable, R. E. Colt Pistols 1836 … 1976. Dallas, Texas: Jackson Arms Company, 1976. A unique presentation of one of the finest Colt collections assembled; exceptional color illustrations; authoritative text.
Wilson, R. L. The Book of Colt Engraving. Los Angeles: Beinfeld Publication Inc., 1974, revised and expanded edition 1982. A very detailed and thorough study of Colt engraving from earliest period to modern times; exquisitely illustrated.
*Wilson, R. L. The Colt Engraving Book, c. 1832-1921, Volume I. Greatly enlarged edition of Wilson's earlier Book of Colt Engraving (q.v.). Volume II “c. 1919-2000.” New York: Bannerman's Publishers, 2001 (both volumes). Sumptuous editions; exceptional illustrations.
Wilson, R. L. Colt Commemorative Firearms. Wichita: Colt Engraving Vol. I Kidwell, 1969. Detailed guide and reference on modern made Colt commemorative firearms.
*Wilson, R. L. The Paterson Colt Book: The Early Evolution of Samuel Colt's Repeating Arms. Palo Alto, California: Strutz-LeVett Publishing Co., 2001. Extensive coverage of all earliest Colts revolving arms with detail and exceptional color illustrations.
*Wilson, R. L. Colt’s Dates of Manufacture 1836-1978. Hamilton, Ohio: 1985. Serial numbers all models by year.
Wilson, R. L. The Arms Collection of Colonel Colt. Bullville, New York: H. Glass, 1964. Story of Samuel Colt’s personal and unique arms collection.
Wilson, R. L. The Rampant Colt. Spencer, Indiana: T. Haas, 1969. Study of all Colt trade marks and their use including material on a variety of other Colt memorabilia.
Wilson, R. L. Samuel Colt Presents. Hartford: Wadsworth Atheneum, 1961. Finely detailed and illustrated catalog of the famed exhibition of some of the most important and historic Colts ever assembled. An important reference work.
Wilson, R. L. Fine Colts: The Dr. Joseph A. Murphy Collection. Doylestown, PA: Republic Publishing Co., 1999. Lavishly color illustrated work about noted American Collection.
Wooten, Ben H. A Study of Colt’s New Model Army Pistol 1860. Privately published, circa 1950’s. Monograph.
______Colt’s From The Wm. E. Locke Collection. Lincoln, R.I.: Mowbray Publishing, 1996. Many important Colts from very famous collection; often referred to.
*______A Century of Achievement 1836-1936: Colt. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press. 2006 reprint of famous 1937 edition of Colt's catalog issued to commemorate their century in business. Review of their history and principal firearms made over that period plus their 1937 catalog.
______ The Russian Colts. Los Angeles, Cal.: Beinfeld Publications 1976. Catalog of loan exhibition by Russia’s Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg to N.Y. Met. Museum of famous Colts presented by Sam’l Colt to Russian Czars.
Patersons in Perspective
A significant research project culminating in the publication of Paterson Colt Pistol Variations (see Bibliography) brought to light important data that has revised considerably information about Patersons in previously published works. Models are now accurately placed in their correct sequence with correct nomenclature (actually used by Samuel Colt) along with updated and corrected information on calibers, quantities and variants; all of which are shown in a clearer perspective.
Colt Pocket Model Paterson Revolver No.1
Pocket Model Paterson Revolver (No. 1). Made c.1837-38; total of about 500 manufactured.
28 caliber. 5-shot cylinders. Barrel lengths from 1-3/4" to 4-3/4"; octagonal in shape, without attached loading levers. Cylinder length 1-1/16".
Grips of varnished walnut. Blued finish on all metal parts.
The smallest size of Paterson handgun, the “Baby Paterson” had its own serial number range, from 1 through about 500. Standard barrel marking was: - Patent Arms M’g Co. Paterson N·J.-Colt’s Pt.-. Serial number stampings generally are not visible until taking the gun apart (on some a number can be noted on the bevel at bottom of the grip). So-called Centaur scene with the word COLT and the company’s four-horse-head trademark was roll engraved on the cylinder.
The Pocket Model was the first handgun made at the Colt Paterson factory. So diminutive in size that short barreled specimens seem like miniatures, the Baby Paterson is the smallest Colt percussion revolver made.
Basic variations are:
Standard Model, without attached loading lever, rear of cylinder rounded or square back:
5B-001
| 5B-001 | Values—Good $17,500 | Fine $50,000 |
Ehlers Model (also known as Fourth Model Ehlers) named after John Ehlers, a major stockholder and later officer of the Patent Arms Manufacturing Company who took over after it went into bankruptcy. These revolvers were semi-finished at the time of the litigation; when Ehlers assumed ownership of the firm, he completed manufacture, assembled and merchandised them.
This constitutes a distinct, separate model, with attached loading lever; capping channel on recoil shield; cylinder 31/32" length with rounded rear; barrel marking lacks the M’g Co. merely having a space where these marks had been removed from the roll die. Total of about 500 made (including the “Fifth Model Ehlers” of the Belt Model No. 2). Made c.1840-43. Rare:
5B-002
| 5B-002 | Values—Good $20,000 | Fine $55,000 |
Colt Belt Model Paterson Revolver No. 2
Belt Model Paterson Revolver (No. 2). Made c.1837-40; totaling approximately 850 (including the No. 3 Belt Model).
31 caliber. 5-shot cylinders. Barrel lengths from 2-1/2" to 5-1/2"; octagonal; without attached loading levers.
Varnished walnut grips. Blued finish on all metal parts.
A straight gripped version of the Belt Paterson, the No. 2 Model shared its serial range, from 1 through about 850 with the No. 3 Belt Model. Barrels were marked: Patent Arms M’g Co Paterson N-J. Colt’s Pt. Usually it is necessary to disassemble the pistol before discovering serial number stampings (on some the number is visible on the bevel at bottom of the grip). Cylinder scene: the roll engraved Centaur motif, including COLT within the four-horse-head trademark.
A quick means of identifying the No. 2 Belt pistol from the Baby Paterson is by comparison of weights. A 4" barrel Baby weighs only 11 ounces, while the No. 2 pistol of the same barrel length weighs 20 ounces. All No. 2 Belt pistols have the straight type grip.
Standard Model, without attached loading lever; rear of cylinder either rounded or square back:
5B-003
| 5B-003 | Values—Good $18,500 | Fine $47,500 |
Ehlers Model (also known as Fifth Model Ehlers), a distinct, separate model, with attached loading lever; capping channel on recoil shield; cylinder 1-1/16" length with rounded rear; barrel markings lack the M’g Co having a space where these had been removed from the roll die. Total about 500 made (including the 4th Model Ehlers of the Pocket Model No. 1). Made c.1840-43.
Rare:
5B-004
| 5B-004 | Values—Good $18,500 | Fine $50,000 |
Colt Belt Model Paterson Revolver No. 3
Belt Model Paterson Revolver (No. 3). Manufactured from about 1837 to 1840; total run of approximately 850 (including the No. 2 Belt Model).
31 caliber; 5-shot cylinders. Barrel lengths from 3-1/2" to 5-1/2"; octagonal in shape, with or without attached loading levers.
Grips of varnished walnut. Blued finish on all metal parts; a few pistols had casehardened hammers.
This medium size series of Paterson pistols shared the serial number range with the No. 2 Belt Model, beginning with 1 and running to about 850. Barrels were marked: Patent Arms M’g Co. Paterson N-J Colt’s Pt. Serial numbers generally not visible until taking the gun apart (though on some will be observed on the butt area of the grip). The Centaur scene, with the word COLT and the four-horse-head trademark was the roll engraved cylinder scene.
The Belt Model series was the only group of Paterson revolvers produced having two types of grips—the straight and the flared styles. Attached loading levers are scarce in the Belt production, and the round shouldered cylinders are more often seen than the straight or square back type.
The major variations are:
Standard pistol, with flared grip; without attached loading lever:
5B-005
| 5B-005 | Values—Good $30,000 | Fine $70,000 |
Standard pistol; flared grip with attached loading lever and capping cutout on the recoil shield. Very rare:
5B-006
| 5B-006 | Values—Good $32,500 | Fine $75,000 |
Colt Holster Model Paterson Revolver No. 5
Holster Model Paterson Revolver (No. 5) (also known as the “Texas Paterson”). Manufactured c. 1838-40; in a total of about 1,000.
36 caliber. 5-shot cylinders. Barrel lengths from 4" to 12"; standard at 7-1/2" and 9". All are octagonal in shape, with or without attached loading levers.
Grips of varnished walnut. Metal parts blued, with casehardened hammer and frame.
The largest size in the Paterson handgun production, the “Texas” Model had its own serial range, numbered from 1 up through about 1000. Barrels were marked: Patent Arms M’g. Co.
Paterson N·J.-Colt’s Pt. Serial numbers generally cannot be observed without taking the pistol apart; but at the least are often found on the bottom of the grip. Cylinder roll scene was the stagecoach holdup, including the word COLT.
The Texas Paterson has had the greatest appeal to the collector, due to its large size, the relatively heavy caliber, and the association of the type with the Texas Ranger Jack Hays and verified use by military and civilians on the frontier. Many of the specimens of this model known today show rather hard use, and thus a Texas Paterson in outstanding condition is one of the great prizes of Colt collecting. A verified martially marked specimen is a great rarity and worth a considerable premium.
Major variations are:
Standard model, without attached loading lever, and with rounded or square shoulders to the cylinder:
5B-007
| 5B-007 | Values—Good $50,000 | Fine $110,000 |
Standard model, with attached loading lever, capping cutout on the recoil shield, and rounded shoulders to the cylinder:
5B-008
| 5B-008 | Values—Good $55,000 | Fine $120,000 |
Colt First Model Ring Lever Rifle
First Model Ring Lever Rifle. Manufactured c. 1837-38; total production about 200. Pulling the ring lever cocked the hammer and turned the cylinder for each shot.
34, 36, 38, 40, and 44 calibers. 8-shot cylinders standard (10-shot rare and worth premium). Barrel lengths standard at 32"; octagonal in shape, with or without attached loading levers.
Varnished walnut stocks, having cheek piece usually inlaid with the Colt four-horse-head trademark. Metal parts blued, with browned barrel.
First of Colt’s longarm production, the No. 1 or First Model rifle was marked in its own serial range, from 1 on up through about 200. Barrels were marked on the top: Colt’s Patent Patent Arms Man’g. Co., Paterson, N. Jersey. Serial numbers appear on various parts, most of them visible only when the rifle has been disassembled. The cylinder roll scene depicts horsemen and a centaur coursing a deer; the word COLT is also present.
Ironically Colt’s initial factory production of firearms was in rifles—the No. 1 Ring Lever—and not in handguns, which came a few months later. Thus, the First Model Rifle is of extreme importance to the advanced Colt collector. Limited in production to but 200, these arms are rare. The First Model is quickly differentiated from the Second Model by the presence of the topstrap extended over the cylinder of the former.
The two basic variations are:
Standard model, without attached loading lever, without capping channel in the recoil shield, and with square-backed cylinder configuration:
5B-009
| 5B-009 | Values—Good $18,500 | Fine $50,000 |
Improved model. Factory fitted loading lever attached and the addition of a spring held detent underneath trigger guard to permit the cylinder to be revolved while loading (instead of removing cylinder for loading), locking the ring lever to permit this. The addition of a capping groove on the recoil shield and the rounding of the back of the cylinder were also factory improvements and came before the permanent loading lever. Thus these improvements were performed while the rifles were still in inventory and serial numbers are not an accurate guide as these improvements are found as low as serial number 16:
| 5B-010 | Values—Good $19,000 | Fine $55,000 |
Colt Second Model Ring Lever Rifle
Second Model Ring Lever Rifle. Manufactured c. 1838-41; the total produced approximately 500. The ring device served to cock the hammer and revolve the cylinder for each shot.
44 caliber. 8-shot cylinder standard (10-shot rare and worth premium). Standard barrel lengths of 28" and 32"; octagonal in shape, with or without attached loading levers.
Varnished walnut stocks, with cheekpiece (but not inlaid with the Colt trademark as standard in the First Model Rifle). Metal parts blued, with browned barrel.
Second Model Rifles were serial numbered in their own range, from 1 on up through about 500. Barrels were marked: Patent Arms M’g. Co. Paterson, N·J.-Colt’s Pt. Serial numbers on various parts, usually visible only when the rifle has been disassembled. The cylinder roll scene is of horsemen and a centaur coursing a deer; the word COLT is present, as is a small house (the latter not present on the First Model cylinder roll).
Though not as rare as the First Model Ring Lever Rifle, the Second Model is still a difficult arm to locate, and as with its predecessor, is seldom found in good condition. The quick means of telling one model from the other is the lack of a topstrap extension over the cylinder on the Second Model.
There are two basic variations:
Standard model, without attached loading lever, with capping channel in the recoil shield, and having the squareback or rounded type cylinder:
5B-011
| 5B-011 | Values—Good $12,500 | Fine $35,000 |
Improved model with attached loading lever, capping channel in recoil shield, rounded shoulders of cylinder and other features as mentioned in the “Improved Model” of 1st Model Ring Lever rifle:
| 5B-012 | Values—Good $14,000 | Fine $37,500 |
Colt Model 1839 Carbine
Model 1839 Carbine. Made c. 1838-41; total quantity approximately 950. Features an exposed hammer, and does not have a ring lever cocking device.
525 smoothbore caliber. 6-shot cylinder. Standard barrel length of 24", but other lengths (notably 28" and 32") also known; round shape excepting bevels present at the breech; with or without attached loading levers.
Varnished walnut stocks. Metal parts blued, the barrel browned.
Manufactured in its own serial number range, beginning with 1 and continuing through about 950. Barrels were marked: Patent Arms M’g. Co.Paterson, N·J.-Colt’s Pt. Serial numbers on various parts, generally visible only when the gun has been disassembled. The cylinder roll scene is one of the most elaborate in the Paterson production, featuring scrolls, Colt markings, and panels of a naval battle, land battle, and a hunter and trophy lion.
The Model 1839 Carbine proved to be the most practical and popular of all Colt arms from the Paterson period. It was so highly regarded by Samuel Colt that he seriously considered reintroduction of the model when developing his revived business in Hartford. A quick identification of the model is the cylinder length of 2-1/2" and the exposed hammer.
Basic variations are:
Standard model, with attached loading lever on the barrel lug and round backed cylinder:
5B-013
| 5B-013 | Values—Good $12,500 | Fine $27,500 |
Earliest production (rare) without attached loading lever, square-backed cylinder, and a capping groove cut near the top of the right recoil shield:
| 5B-014 | Values—Good $15,000 | Fine $40,000 |
Standard First/early type without attached loading lever and round backed cylinder. Every indication is that this is the model purchased by the “Republic Texas, 1839”:
5B-014.5
| 5B-014.5 | Values—Good $14,000 | Fine $32,500 |
Government purchase Carbines with WAT inspector mark on the left side of the stocks; fitted with attached loading levers. 360 pieces purchased by U.S. Government (in four orders). Extreme care should be exercised in the acquisition of this piece:
| 5B-015 | Values—Good $25,000 | Fine $90,000 |
Long cylinder variant. 3-1/4" cylinder with proportionately longer frame to accommodate. Estimated quantity made 25 to accept the larger musket size charge. Approximately half of these burst on firing. Extremely rare:
| 5B-016 | Values—Good $15,000 | Fine $40,000 |
Colt Model 1839 Shotgun
Model 1839 Shotgun. Manufactured c. 1839-41; in a total run of about 225. The mechanism is the same as on the Model 1839 Carbine, with an exposed hammer.
16 gauge. 6-shot cylinder. Standard barrel lengths of 24" and 32"; round shape (without bevels at the breech) and made without attached loading levers.
Varnished walnut stocks. Metal parts blued; the barrel browned in a Damascus decor.
Produced in an individual serial range, numbered from 1 on up through about 225. On right side of the barrel lug: Patent Arms M’g. Co. Paterson, N·J.-Colt’s Pt. Serial markings on various parts, but most of these visible when gun has been taken apart. Dramatic and sizable cylinder roll scene, of scrolls, Colt markings, and three panels depicting the American eagle, a deer-hunting sequence, and an Indian with bird hunters.
The quite limited total production proves the Model 1839 Shotgun to have been of little popularity in its day. The type did have some potential as a repeating military musket, but the failure of the Paterson enterprise early in the 1840s cut short such possibilities for success. The Model 1839 Shotgun is one of the greater rarities in Colt’s longarm production, and specimens seldom appear on the market. For quick identification measure the cylinder length—3-1/2" (as compared to the 2-1/2" of the Model 1839 Carbine):
5B-017
| 5B-017 | Values—Good $8,500 | Fine $27,500 |
Colt Walker Model Revolver
Walker Model Revolver. Manufactured in 1847, with a total production of approximately 1,100.
44 caliber. 6-shot cylinder. 9" part round, part octagonal barrel. A massive 4 lbs. 9 oz. in weight.
One piece walnut grips. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; balance blued; excepting plain brass trigger guard, and the cylinder “in the white”.
Serial numbering in five companies, A, B, C, D, and E, beginning with the number 1 in each grouping. The five company series combined totaled 1,000 revolvers.
Barrel marked: ADDRESS SAML COLT NEW-YORK CITY. On the right side of the lug: US/1847. Cylinder roll engraved with a Texas Ranger and Indian fight scene; but this is frequently missing on surviving specimens due to years of service and neglect. Government inspector markings were applied to the grips and various metal parts, but these too are often worn or rusted off.
The Walker is the greatest prize of any Colt collection. Slightly more than 10 percent of the original total manufactured have survived to appear in modern day collections and museums. A great many reproductions and fakes have been made, and a number of badly mutilated specimens have been heavily restored.
The buyer should exercise extreme caution in acquiring a Walker.
Standard Walker, A, B, C, D, E Company serial ranges:
5B-018
| 5B-018 | Values—Fair $42,500 | Very Good (no finish) $125,000 |
The special group of an additional 100 Walkers in the so-called “Civilian Range”; these had no U.S. inspector markings, bore numbers from 1001 through about 1100, and were otherwise like the military Walker pistols. Valuewise this is a “gray” area. This model is scarcer and will bring a premium to advanced Colt collectors, while others prefer martially marked specimens and pay more for them. This group of 100 tends to be found in better average condition:
| 5B-019 | Values—Fair $37,500 | Very Good (no finish) $110,000 |
Colt Whitneyville Hartford Dragoon Revolver
Whitneyville Hartford Dragoon Revolver (also known as the “Transition Walker”). Made late in 1847, in a total quantity of about 240.
44 caliber. 6-shot cylinder. 7-1/2" part round, part octagonal barrel.
One piece walnut grips. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; the balance blued. Gripstraps have been noted in varying finishes; trigger guards of brass and backstraps either steel or brass.
Serial numbered from about 1100 through 1340, picking up from where the Civilian Series Walker pistols left off.
Barrel marked: - ADDRESS SAML COLT NEW YORK-CITY -; some variation noted, including a few barrels unmarked. Variations also appear in the COLTS/PATENT mark on left side (and sometimes right) of the frame. Cylinder bearing the roll engraved scene of a Texas Ranger and Indian fight. However, as the cylinder is slightly shorter/narrower than that used on the Walker revolver a very narrow section of that cylinder scene is lacking.
Actually of greater rarity than the Walker Model, the Whitneyville Hartford Dragoons are sometimes called the “Transition Walker,” since some of the production parts were left over from the predecessor model. The two major frame variations in the Whitneyville Hartford are: 1. Cutout at the rear of the frame, into which fits a curved portion of the grips, and 2. Straight-back frame. The trigger guard on both variants slants back into the grips, rather than being in a vertical juncture as would be standard on later Dragoon pistols. Among other distinctive details to note are the very slender, or “Slim Jim,” appearance of the grips, and the short trigger and cylinder stop screws of early frames (thus not passing completely through).
One of the great Colt rarities, the Whitneyville Hartford Dragoon has been an attractive challenge to fakers; caveat emptor! Cut-out Frame Type:
5B-020 Cut-out Frame Type
| 5B-020 | Values—Fair $20,000 | Very Good (without finish) $65,000 |
Straight Back Frame Type:
5B-021 Straightback Frame Type
| 5B-021 | Values—Good $11,000 | Fine $37,500 |
Colt First Model Dragoon Revolver
First Model Dragoon Revolver. Manufactured 1848 - c. 1850; total of about 7,000.
44 caliber. 6-shot cylinder. 7-1/2" part round, part octagonal barrel.
Grips of one piece walnut. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; the balance blued. Gripstraps standard of brass, silver plated for civilian sales, and left unfinished for the military.
Serial numbered from about 1341 through about 8000, continuing the sequence from the Whitneyville Hartford Dragoon.
Barrel marked: ADDRESS SAML COLT, NEW-YORK CITY -. COLT’S/PATENT on the left side of the frame; often accompanied by U.S. (on government purchased and issued specimens) centered beneath. Texas Ranger and Indian fight scene roll engraved on the cylinders. Cylinders also bear roll-engraved panel marking in large letters COLT’S PATENT accompanied by second panel MODEL U.S.M.R. (“U.S. Mounted Rifles”). A scarcer variant is marked U.S. DRAGOONS in place of the U.S.M.R. marks, and will add premium to value.
Identifying features of the First Model are: Continuation of the square backed trigger guard, the cylinder stop slots oval, and the juncture of grips, gripstraps, and frame forming a straight vertical line. Early series pistols have some notable carryovers from the Whitneyville-Hartford Dragoon, while later specimens show improvements of evolution leading into the Second Model pistols. A few late First Models were cut to accept detachable shoulder stocks (all three types; see 5B-030/031/032/033); work and adaptation performed after guns were mfd.; very rare.
Military issue First Model with government inspector markings on the grips and various metal parts:
5B-022
| 5B-022 | Values—Good $5,000 | Fine $35,000 |
Civilian First Model; varnished walnut grips and standard finish (U.S. often present on frame):
| 5B-023 | Values—Good $5,000 | Fine $30,000 |
U.S. Walker Replacement Dragoon
U.S. Walker Replacement Dragoon. Also known as the “pre-1st Model Dragoon” and the “Fluck” Dragoon (after the late John J. Fluck whose detailed research in 1956 first identified the gun as a distinct model). Manufactured in 1848.
44 caliber. 6-shot cylinder; 7-1/2" part round/part octagon Colt Walker barrels that were re-worked by Colt factory to this shorter length.
Closely resembling the First Model Colt Dragoon. Just 300 of these were made by Colt for the U.S. government to replace Colt Walkers that had burst or otherwise failed while in U.S. service. These revolvers were actually accepted by the U.S. as part of the 1,000 piece contract for Walkers. They utilize many original Walker and Walker-reworked parts by Colt.
Serial number range approximately 2216 to approximately 2515; the numbers of the tiny Walker type.
Finish: blued barrel with casehardened frame and loading lever; cylinder usually left bright. Cylinder has rolled engraved scene of Texas ranger and Indian fight and an identifying feature of this model is the pressure ridge (characteristic of rolled scenes on Walker cylinders) at the rear of the cylinder near the locking notches.
The longer backstrap similar to the Walker makes for an unusual grip profile with the butt angling downward toward the rear. The trigger guard is from the Walker model, Colt factory reworked. Markings COLT’S/PATENT/U.S. are positioned towards the center of the left side of the frame. Specimens of this model show an uneven quality in workmanship and other features such as double stamped barrel markings and metal flaws. Inspector markings are: WAT (in oval cartouche) on right grip and JH (in oval) on left side; inspector mark P appears on various metal parts.
Second only to the Whitneyville-Hartford in the limited quantity produced, this Walker replacement revolver is one of the ultra-desirable variations in Colt’s Dragoon series and among the first of Colt’s revolvers produced at Hartford for U.S. military issue:
5B-024
| 5B-024 | Values—Good $12,500 | Fine (little or no finish) $37,500 |
More recently, tentatively renamed “Colt’s Second Contract Dragoon” (not to be confused with “Second Model Dragoon.”) A 1998 detailed study “Observations on Colt’s Second Contract, Nov. 2, 1847” (see Bibliography this chapter) adds complication and controversy to this rare model. The authors have theoretically identified 1000 (rather than 300) of this enigmatic Colt, contracted in 1847 and delivered in four shipments, each with their own variations, in 1848. The four types appear in serial ranges 2001 through 3000. As the survey is conjectural and was based on examination of “...well over a dozen” specimens, which may be too small a number to draw definitive conclusions, and is yet to be tested in the market place. its acceptance and impact is untried. It certainly is worthy of taking into consideration. Articles published in the January and May 2004 issues of the Gun Report also take exception to the “Fluck” theory.
Colt Second Model Dragoon Revolver
Second Model Dragoon Revolver. In production c. 1850-51; total made about 2,700.
44 caliber. 6-shot cylinder. 7-1/2" part round, part octagonal barrel.
Grips of one piece walnut. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; the remainder blued. Gripstraps standard of brass, plated in silver for civilian sales, and left unfinished for the military.
Serial range from about 8000 through about 10700, the sequence continuing from the First Model Dragoon.
Barrel markings are two slight variations of: ADDRESS SAML COLT NEW-YORK CITY. COLT’S/PATENT on the left side of the frame, with government issue revolvers having U.S. centered beneath. The Texas Ranger and Indian fight scene was roll engraved on the cylinders. U.S.M.R. cylinder markings most often encountered; U.S. DRAGOONS scarce and bring an added premium.
Identification of the Second Model is quickly made by looking for the distinct combination of square-back trigger guard and rectangular cylinder stop slots. Subtle changes were appearing in the mainspring type, the hammer (adding a roller bearing), and the trigger guard width as seen from the front. Both vertical and horizontal loading lever latches were in evidence. As with the First Model Dragoon a few were later fitted (about a year after their manufacture) for all three variants of the attachable shoulder stock (see 5B-030 to 033). (Authentic specimens worth premium values).
The Second Model is of greater scarcity than either the First or the Third Dragoon pistols, and among its most desirable variations are the NEW HAMPSHIRE and MS (Massachusetts) marked militia issues. Only a few of these are known to collectors, and only a few hundred were originally made; they normally appear in the serials within about 10000 to the lower 11000 range.
Military issue Second Model with government inspector markings on the grips and various metal parts:
5B-025
| 5B-025 | Values—Good $4,500 | Fine $30,000 |
Civilian Second Model; varnished walnut grips and standard finish:
| 5B-026 | Values—Good $4,250 | Fine $27,500 |
NEW HAMPSHIRE or MS militia issue Second Model:
| 5B-027 | Values—Good $5,250 | Fine $35,000 |
Colt Third Model Dragoon Revolver
Third Model Dragoon Revolver. Manufactured from c. 1851 to c. 1861; in a total of about 10,500.
44 caliber. 6-shot cylinder. 7-1/2" part round, part octagonal barrel.
Grips of one piece walnut. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; the remainder blued. Gripstraps standard of brass, plated in silver for civilian sales, and left unfinished for the military.
Serial numbering began about 10200 (overlapping with some of the Second Model) and continued to about 19600.
Barrel markings are two slight variants of: ADDRESS SAML COLT NEW-YORK CITY. As standard with predecessor models, COLT’S/PATENT was stamped on the left side of the frame, with government issue revolvers having U.S. centered beneath. The Texas Ranger and Indian fight scene was roll engraved on the cylinders. U.S.M.R. cylinder markings most often encountered; U.S. DRAGOONS scarce and bring an added premium.
Spotting a Third Model is relatively easy—simply look for the combination of rectangular cylinder stop slots and rounded trigger guard, the two basic features. Several variations have been noted in this type. Most important are:
Shoulder Stocked Pistols: An estimated 1,200 to 1,500 Third Models were cut for attachment of shoulder stocks. The stocks were in three basic types—the First pattern attached to the revolver via two prongs which engaged two slots in the backstrap; the Second type attached by one prong engaging a slot in the backstrap, and a hook which clamped onto the butt; the Third, and most commonly encountered pattern, had extensions on its yoke which fit into cutouts on each side of the revolver’s recoil shield, and had a hook which clamped onto the butt. All three stock designs were made plain (standard) or with canteen inserts. Backstrap slots serve basically to identify Third Model Dragoons cut for the First and Second type shoulder stocks; pistols cut for the Third type are standard with four-screw frames, notched recoil shields, a groove in the heel of the backstrap, folding leaf sights dovetailed onto the barrel (through the roll die marking), blued steel backstrap, and half moon shaped front sight.
Both First and Second pattern of stocks are found in the serial range of 13,000 to 16,000. Both are very rare. (First Pattern a bit more so). Third Pattern stock is the type standard on all four percussion Colt revolvers adapted for stocks (the Dragoon, 1860 Army; Model 1851 Navy and 1861 Navy). Usually found in serial range 16,000 to 17,000 and range 18,000 to 19,000.
A quite scarce variation of martially marked Third Models is that found with the hand engraved marking on the barrel lug: C.L. DRAGOONS. These pistols are militia issues, and are similar to the NEW HAMPSHIRE and MS guns found in the Second Model production.
The Third Model is the least scarce of all Colt Dragoons, and is the most representative type of Dragoon production. The collector looking for a specimen of the Colt “four pounder” should start with the Third Model.
Standard Third Model Dragoon revolver:
5B-028
| 5B-028 | Values—Good $4,000 | Fine $25,000 |
Martially marked (U.S., and government inspector stampings) Third Models:
| 5B-029 | Values—Good $4,250 | Fine $30,000 |
Shoulder-stocked revolvers. Those fitted for shoulder stocks usually found with iron backstraps, although a few retained original brass backstraps. Dragoons fitted for third type (most commonly encountered) attachable stock have four-screw frames.
First and Second types, Pistol:
5B-030
| 5B-030 | Values—Good $4,750 | Fine $30,000 |
First and Second types, Stock:
| 5B-031 | Values—Good $5,500 | Fine $10,000 |
Third type, Pistol:
| 5B-032 | Values—Good $4,000 | Fine $27,500 |
Third type, Stock:
| 5B-033 | Values—Good $3,750 | Fine $8,500 |
(Note: If stock has canteen insert feature worth 25 percent to 50 percent premium.)
C.L. Dragoon variation: a survey of known specimens found almost all with 8" barrels. A single specimen of the M-1851 Navy also known with identical markings. Formerly believed to denote “CONNECTICUT LIGHT DRAGOONS,” more recent evidence indicates the markings designate the CROCHERON LIGHT DRAGOONS an Alabama militia unit later mustered into Confederate service as Capt. Halloway’s Company of Alabama cavalry:
| 5B-034 | Values—Good $12,000 | Fine $60,000 |
8" barrel variation; generally high serial numbers (18000 and above), very limited production; scarce (iron backstrap very rare; worth premium of 25 percent):
| 5B-035 | Values—Good $6,250 | Fine $37,500 |
Colt Hartford English Dragoon Revolver
Hartford English Dragoon Revolver. Parts made in Hartford, and the final assembly and finish done at Colt’s London factory, c. 1853-57; approximately 700 total production.
Basically this Dragoon is a variation of the Third Model (see illustration of standard third Model). The first detail to note for identification is the exclusive serial range from 1 through about 700. British proof stampings are on the breech end of the cylinder and on the left side of the barrel lug (crown over a V and a crown over GP monogram). Grips were most always varnished walnut, and finishing for the metal parts of the revolver was in the fine quality English style blue and color hardening; gripstraps were of brass and silver plated.
Barrel markings were usually one of two variations of ADDRESS SAML COLT NEW-YORK CITY, but a few pistols bear the hand engraved inscription: COLN COLT. LONDON. Frame markings COLTS/PATENT usually hand-engraved on all models; the Texas Ranger and Indian cylinder roll scene was standard.
Some surprising variations are recorded in this model, because Colt’s was cleaning up their parts stock of leftovers from earlier production. Thus, a few pistols were made with square-back trigger guards, some had frames cut for shoulder stocks, V-type mainsprings, and so forth. At least 20 percent of the Hartford English Dragoon production was engraved, in London, and in British style scrolls. About 200 revolvers (many of them engraved) were returned to Hartford in 1861, for use in the Civil War.
Standard Hartford English Dragoon revolver:
| 5B-036 | Values—Good $3,750 | Fine $20,000 |
Colt Model 1848 Baby Dragoon Revolver
Model 1848 Baby Dragoon Revolver. Manufactured from 1847 through 1850; total of approximately 15,000.
31 caliber. 5-shot cylinder on all variations. Barrel lengths of 3", 4", 5", and 6"; all are octagon, with or without attached loading levers (rare with lever).
Grips of one piece varnished walnut. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; remainder blued. The gripstraps of silver plated brass.
The first pocket model to be made at Colt’s Hartford factory, the Baby Dragoon was a diminutive version of the early 44 caliber Dragoon revolvers; the square-back trigger guard is a distinguishing feature. The serial range began with 1, and continued through about 15500. Two types of barrel markings were used, each reading: ADDRESS SAML COLT/NEW-YORK CITY, but one having bracket finials at each end. COLTS/PATENT was marked on the left side of the frame. The cylinder scene for early revolvers is a portion of the Texas Ranger and Indian fight roll as standard on the 44 caliber Dragoons. Later guns (after range of about 10500 to 11000) are standard with the famous stagecoach holdup design.
Major variations: Most Baby Dragoons do not have attached loading levers; the latter feature began to appear in the serial range of about 11600. Pistols without the lever do not have loading cutouts on the right side of the barrel lug; those with levers factory installed will have the cutout. Cylinder types are another basis for determining variants in this model: These are classified by combinations of the roll engraved scene and the shapes of the cylinder stop slots (round and then oval on early guns; rectangular on the late production). Still another detail is in the length of the frame; late production pistols are slightly longer, and this is visible by noting the increased distance between the front of the cylinder and the back of the barrel lug.
As the first pocket Colt revolver made since the collapse of the Paterson enterprise, the Baby Dragoon is an attractive piece to collectors. Such pioneer features as the square-back trigger guard, low serial numbers, oval stop slots, Ranger and Indian cylinder scene, and lack of loading lever are all of particular appeal. With a limited production total, the model offers quite a contrast in scarcity to the successor model, the 1849 Pocket Revolver. Because of their value, and as serial ranges often overlap with the more common “Pocket Models”, this has been an area subject to deception. Deceitfully altered trigger guards (from rounded to squareback) and plugged/welded barrel lugs (where plunger of loading lever was fitted) are sometimes encountered.
Considerable detail on the Baby Dragoon was published in P.L. Shumaker’s Colt’s Variations of the Old Model Pocket Pistol and Jordan & Watts Colt’s Pocket ’49; Its Evolution (see Biblio). Basic breakdown of variations is as follows:
Pistols with the Texas Ranger and Indian fight cylinder scene, in varying barrel lengths; and without attached rammer levers; serial range through about 11600 (some overlap with stagecoach scene cylinders):
5B-037
| 5B-037 | Values—Good $2,500 | Fine $11,500 |
Pistols as above, with left hand barrel stamping, no capping groove on right side of recoil shield. Serial range 1 to 150:
| 5B-038 | Values—Good $3,250 | Fine $17,000 |
Pistols as above, but with the stagecoach holdup cylinder scene; and oval stop slots. Serial range about 10400-12100 (note overlap with other variations):
| 5B-039 | Values—Good $2,500 | Fine $14,000 |
Pistols as above, with stagecoach holdup cylinder, scene and rectangular cylinder stop slots. Serial range approximately 11000 to 12450 (note overlap with other variations):
| 5B-040 | Values—Good $1,750 | Fine $11,000 |
Pistols with the stagecoach cylinder scene, and with attached rammer levers; rectangular cylinder stops; serial range approximately 11600 to 15500:
5B-041
| 5B-041 | Values—Good $2,750 | Fine $15,000 |
Colt Model 1849 Pocket Revolver
Model 1849 Pocket Revolver. Production began in 1850, and continued through 1873; total of the Hartford made series was about 340,000 (by December 1865, the year the Civil War ended, serial number range had reached approximately 280,000). The London Model 1849 totaled about 11,000 and is covered separately below.
31 caliber. 5- and 6-shot cylinders. Barrel lengths of 3", 4", 5", and 6"; octagonal in shape, with or without attached loading levers (majority had levers).
Grips of one piece varnished walnut. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; remainder blued. The gripstraps of silver plated brass; a few of steel, blued or silver plated. Oval trigger guards standard, in two sizes.
Successor to the Baby Dragoon, the Model 1849 Pocket was very much a diminutive version of the Model 1851 Navy. The 1849’s serial numbering continued that of its predecessor (with some overlap), beginning at about 12000 and continuing through about 340000. Three basic barrel markings were employed (on U.S. made specimens); and their progression is one means of classification for the Model 1849. Their serial ranges are: ADDRESS SAML COLT/NEW-YORK CITY (14400 through c. 187000; two variations in marking known); ADDRESS SAML COLT/HARTFORD CT. (164000 to about 206000); and ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA, known as the “one line New York” (187000 to about 340000). Rarely encountered is: ADDRESS.COL: COLT./LONDON, found in high serial ranges. As to be expected, some overlapping of marking does appear from one serial range to another. Standard throughout production was the COLTS/PATENT stamping on the left side of the frame. Also standard was the stagecoach holdup roll design on the cylinder. The London made pistols are in a category by themselves.
More Model 1849 Pocket pistols were produced than any other Colt percussion firearm. With 23 years of steady production this model underwent a great many changes, hence numerous variations are encountered. Some are highly significant for the collector (and most are so noted here) while others are interesting or curious but will rarely or significantly alter basic values. A fairly complete collection of the Model 1849 would require at least 200 revolvers. Recommended sources for all variations are Shumaker’s Colt’s Variations of the Old Model Pocket Pistol and the very recent, highly detailed Jordan & Watts Colt’s Pocket ’49. Among those details considered are markings, types of trigger guards, loading cutouts, loading lever latches, sights, hammers, finishes, engraving, etc. An alleged variant that rears its ugly head occasionally is the so-called M. 1849 with “dragoon type barrel” (part round/octagon). A few are known as far back as the 1930s; some thought to have been altered in jest to tease a fellow collector (in an era when the gun had but slight value). In the interim such pieces have even acquired some genuine aging. Regardless of fact that specimens appear in the Belden & Haven book and the famous collection exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1942 Catalog, the consensus of expert opinion is that no such variant was made. (The author exposed that 1942 fake in his own 1981 catalog.)
Standard model, in 4", 5", or 6" barrel (the latter often tend to bring a premium), with attached loading lever, and small brass trigger guard:
| 5B-042 | Values—Good $550 | Fine $1,250 |
Same as above, with large brass trigger guard:
5B-043
| 5B-043 | Values—Good $475 | Fine $1,150 |
Standard model, in 4", 5", or 6" barrel, with attached loading lever, and with steel gripstraps:
| 5B-044 | Values—Good $575 | Fine $2,000 |
Same as above with ADDRESS-SAM’L COLT/HARTFORD CT.Large brass trigger guards and five-shot cylinders most commonly encountered (six-shot cylinders worth premium). Specimens with large iron trigger guards rare and worth premium:
| 5B-045 | Values—Good $600 | Fine $1,750 |
Crowned Muzzle Variation of Model 1849. One-line New York address; found within serial range 331, 600 to 322,993. Muzzles of the octagon barrels have been neatly rounded (i.e. “crowned”) in attempt to protect the bore at that critical point while equally protecting the holster from the usual sharp edges of the muzzle as the gun is inserted or withdrawn. All those thus far recorded had 5-shot cylinders and 4" barrels.
| 5B-045.2 | Values—Good $750 | Fine $2,250 |
Martially marked Model 1849; 50 purchased by U.S. Navy 1861. Few authentic specimens observed in 203000-204000 serial range with two line Hartford address, large brass trigger guard. Markings vary slightly; include anchor at top of barrel near breech, inspector marks P/GG on outside wall of cylinder, block letters USN at top of brass backstrap and U.D.C. (Union Defense Committee) on underside of butt:
| 5B-045.5 | Values—Good $6,000 | Fine $20,000 |
Same as above with two line LONDON barrel marking, but without British proofs and serial number in the high Hartford production range (above 143,000). Rare:
| 5B-046 | Values—Good $575 | Fine $2,500 |
So-called “Wells Fargo” model; made without loading lever; 3" octagon barrel with breech extension and long frame (both as standard on all M. 1849’s); small rounded trigger guard. Quantity approx. 4,000. Specimens appear mixed in with serial range 15,000 to 164,000. Origin of terminology obscure; no known affiliation with Wells Fargo so exercise caution should such markings be seen (spurious examples known).
A few variants of this scarce model are worth premiums: (A) early production with short frame and short barrel extension as on “Baby Dragoon”. (B) 4" barrel; serial range 14-15,000. Very rare. (C) large brass trigger guard; quantity approx. 1,250. (D) small steel guard in serial range 147,000; quantity approx. 75. (E) large steel guard; quantity approx. 175:
5B-047
| 5B-047 | Values—Good $1,000 | Fine $6,500 |
London-made pistols, identified by their own serial range (1 through 11,000) are basically the same as Colt’s contemporary Hartford production (1853-57). Quality of the London pistols was superior to that of Hartford. Usual markings ADDRESS COL: COLT./LONDON.
Early London made; Serial numbers under 1000. Most with brass gripstraps and small rounded trigger guard. Variations noted. Earliest specimens (serial range, 1 - 265 with one line hand engraved markings COL. COLT. LONDONor SAM COLT. LONDON rare and worth premium:
| 5B-048 | Values—Good $525 | Fine $1,400 |
Later London-made; steel gripstraps and large oval trigger guard. Three variations noted among this group:
| 5B-049 | Values—Good $500 | Fine $1,250 |
Colt Model 1851 Navy Revolver
Model 1851 Navy Revolver. Brought out in 1850 and manufactured through 1873; 215,348 of this model were made in Hartford. By December 1865, the year the Civil War ended, serial numbers of the Model 1851 had reached approximately 185,000. Colt’s London factory turned out about 42,000 of the Model 1851, and these are detailed separately below.
36 caliber. 6-shot cylinder. 7-1/2" barrel; octagonal, with attached loading lever.
Grips of one piece varnished walnut. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; remainder blued. The gripstraps of silver plated brass; a few of steel, finished in blue.
Serial numbers began at 1 and the highest number recorded was 215348. Three basic barrel markings (American production) were used; their sequence is a means of classification for the model. The markings and their approximate serial ranges are: -ADDRESS SAML COLT NEW-YORK CITY - (1 - 74000); - ADDRESS SAML COLT. HARTFORD CT. - (74000 - 101000); - ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA - (101000 - 215348). Throughout production the left side of the frame was marked: COLTS/PATENT. Also standard was the roll engraved cylinder scene, depicting a battle between the Texas Navy and that of Mexico.
The Model 1851 was Colt’s prime medium caliber handgun in the percussion period of manufacture in Hartford. As one of the most popular of American antique arms, the Navy has come to be recognized as a collecting specialty of its own. The number of variations is considerable, all detailed in the standard reference work ’51 Colt Navies, by Nathan L. Swayze. Basic to classification of variants are trigger guard types, markings, contours of certain parts, materials of gripstraps, and attachable shoulder stocks. Caution advised for so-called “Dragoon variant” with part round/octagon barrel. As with M. 1849 (see details), consensus of expert opinion believes variant never made by Colt and likely all specimens spurious.
First Model Square-back Trigger Guard; In serial range 1 - 1250 (however, a more recent study published in Gun Report, August 2006, indicates that serial range is more likely 1 - 800); recognizable by the square-back trigger guard, and screw under the wedge:
5B-050
| 5B-050 | Values—Good $5,000 | Fine $32,500 |
Second Model Square-back Trigger Guard; Serial range 1250 -4200; square-back trigger guard and the wedge screw above the wedge. A few are found in serial ranges up to 4500, and it is in those ranges especially where caution is advised as bogus specimens turn up; the usual round trigger guard is spuriously altered to square-back shape. Usually the workmanship is obvious; a few require very careful scrutiny.
| 5B-051 | Values—Good $3,250 | Fine $22,500 |
Third Model; Serial range 4200 - 85000 (a few in ranges as low as 3600); featuring the small rounded brass trigger guard:
| 5B-052 | Values—Good $900 | Fine $4,500 |
Fourth Model; Serial range 85000 - 215348; having the large rounded brass trigger guard:
5B-053
| 5B-053 | Values—Good $900 | Fine $4,000 |
(Note: Some overlap exists between the various serial ranges.) IMPORTANT VARIATIONS from the above are:
Iron gripstraps; most often seen having large trigger guard:
| 5B-054 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $4,500 |
Barrels marked - ADDRESS COL. COLT LONDON - (U.S. made; high serial ranges):
| 5B-055 | Values—Good $900 | Fine $4,000 |
Martially marked Navies, with U.S. on the left side of the frame (beneath COLTS/PATENT), government inspector marks on the grips and on various metal parts. A highly detailed study “Marking Variations of U.S.N. Inspectors on Colt 1851 and M. 1861 (percussion & conversion) Revolvers” in May, 2000 “Gun Report” may play a role in adding premium values to some U.S.N. revolvers.
Brass Straps:
| 5B-056 | Values—Good $1,650 | Fine $11,500 |
Iron Straps:
| 5B-057 | Values—Good $1,850 | Fine $14,000 |
Cut for shoulder stock attachment. The same three basic types of stock attachments were made as in the Third Model Dragoon (q.v. for description). Rarest are the First and Second type attachments:
First type stocks most often observed in serial range 56,000; Second type in serial range 69,000; Third type in various ranges from 67,000 to 192,000 (see “Book of Colt Firearms” for specific numbers). Stocks with the canteen insert may be encountered in all three types. The large majority of stocks were sold to the civilian market (silver plated, brass mountings and varnish finished wood stocks standard); military models very rare (oil finished, walnut stocks standard).
Pistol:
5B-058
| 5B-058 | Values—Good $2,000 | Fine $11,500 |
Stock:
| 5B-059 | Values—Good $4,000 | Fine $9,500 |
Third type attachment, in which the pistol features a four screw frame, cutouts on the recoil shield, and (sometimes) lanyard swivels on the trigger guard strap:
Pistol:
| 5B-060 | Values—Good $1,900 | Fine $11,000 |
Stock:
| 5B-061 | Values—Good $3,750 | Fine $8,500 |
(Note: The presence of the canteen insert in the shoulder stock adds 25 percent to 50 percent of the stock’s value.)
THE LONDON MODEL 1851 NAVY revolver is quite similar to its contemporary made at Colt’s Hartford factory; however, the London pistols have their own serial range (1 through 42000), they feature large trigger guards, and blued or (uncommon) silver plated steel gripstraps. Standard barrel marking: ADDRESS. COL: COLT.LONDON; British proofmarks present on the breech end of the cylinder and on left side of the barrel lug. Manufacturing dates were 1853 through 1857. The two standard models are:
First Model; Serial numbers in the range 1 to approximately 2000, brass gripstraps (some trigger guards square-back [rare and worth a considerable premium], but small round was standard), several parts of Hartford make:
| 5B-062 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $4,250 |
Second Model; Serial range from approximately 2000 to end of production, all parts London made, steel gripstraps with the trigger guard of large rounded size (small iron trigger guard rare; worth premium):
| 5B-063 | Values—Good $900 | Fine $3,850 |
British, Canadian, Australian, Austrian and other martially-marked New York and London-marked 1851s. There are quite a few variations of British War Department markings (W.D. accompanied by motif of arrow; known as the “Broad Arrow”) to indicate government ownership; Canadian marks (U.C. for Upper Canada and L.C. for Lower Canada); Australian police and military ownership marks; Austrian government KM (“Kriegs Marine” Imperial Navy markings, usually with a serial number and most often seen marked on the top of the brass backstrap) and other obscure foreign military-marked Navies. Such identifiable, authentic markings usually increase values a minimum of 25 percent to those; possibly as high as 100 percent or more depending on their rarity, historic associations. Information on such markings is found in the J. Rosa work Colonel Colt London and N. Swayze’s ’51 Colt Navies (see Biblio.) 5B-063.5
Colt Model 1855 Sidehammer Pocket Revolver and “Charter Oak” Grips
Model 1855 Sidehammer Pocket Revolver. Most commonly known among collectors as the “Root Model” after Elisha K. Root, the noted Colt designer (although Samuel Colt himself actually was the inventor of this model). Entered into production in 1855, and discontinued c. 1870. Made in two distinct serial sequences, with the total quantity approximately 40,000. The model was Colt’s only percussion handgun built on the solid frame principle, in contrast to the firm’s standard design of barrel and cylinder which are readily removable from the frame. Other features permitting the quick identification of Model 1855 pistols are the hammer mounted on the right side of the frame, the spur trigger, the cylinder pin’s entry into the frame from the rear, and the “wraparound grip” secured to the backstrap (no trigger guard strap is present).
Serial numbering is in two sequences, based on caliber. The first production, in 28 caliber, is numbered 1 through about 30,000. (Made through to 1861).The second production, in 31 caliber, is numbered separately from 1 through 14,000 range (by the end of the Civil War in 1865 they reached approximately to 10000 range). Most pistols with octagonal barrels were chambered for 28 caliber, and had only 3-1/2" barrel lengths. All pistols with round barrels are 31 caliber, and have either 3-1/2" or 4-1/2" barrel lengths. Standard finish throughout production was casehardened hammer and loading lever; the balance blued.
Standard grips are one piece, varnished walnut (unique in all of the Colt handgun line). A few of these Root models were fitted with special oak wood grips made from Connecticut’s most famous and historic ancient tree, under which its original royal charter had been signed centuries earlier. In 1865 the tree was toppled by a violent storm and ultimately its remains were acquired by Samuel Colt. Aside from having some personal furniture (including a carved cradle) made from that wood, Colt fitted a small group of these Root models with grips also made from it, popularly named “CHARTER OAK.” A number of those handguns were handsomely engraved and also inscribed with a presentation from Colt personally, mentioning that very fact “...Charter Oak Stock” on some of them. A few plain Root models were also fitted with those Charter Oak grips. Values for authentic specimens may be increased upwards considerably depending on historic inscription, engraving and condition.
A thorough classification of the seven basic variations of the Sidehammer series has been made by S. Gerald Keogh, in the monograph Samuel Colt’s New Model Pocket Pistols. The breakdown is by details of barrel length, shape, and marking, cylinder shape and roll engraving, means of securing the cylinder pin, cylinder pin type, caliber, loading levers, and so forth. Rather complicated, only basics are noted here:
Models 1 and 1A; 3-7/16" octagon barrel, full octagon loading lever, Hartford barrel address without pointing hand motif, 28 caliber, Cabin and Indian cylinder scene, serial range 1 - 384. Minor difference: capping groove cutout on right recoil shield of Model 1 is 1/2" (serial range 1-175); groove is 5/8" on Model 1A (same as on all other models):
| 5B-064 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $6,500 |
Model 2; 3-1/2" octagon barrel, Hartford barrel address with pointing hand motif, 28 caliber, Cabin and Indian cylinder scene, serial range 476 - 25000:
5B-065
| 5B-065 | Values—Good $425 | Fine $1,250 |
Model 3; 3-1/2" octagon barrel, Hartford address, pointing hand motif, used until approximately serial 26000, 28 caliber, full fluted cylinder, serial number range 25001 to 30000:
| 5B-066 | Values—Good $425 | Fine $1,250 |
Model 3A; 3-1/2" octagon barrel, Hartford address, 31 caliber, full fluted cylinder, serial number range 1 to 1350:
| 5B-067 | Values—Good $475 | Fine $1,450 |
Model 4; 3-1/2" octagon barrel, Hartford barrel address without pointing hand motif, 31 caliber, full fluted cylinder. Serial range 1351 - 2400:
| 5B-068 | Values—Good $475 | Fine $1,450 |
Model 5; 3-1/2" round barrel, COL. COLT NEW-YORK, etc. barrel address, 31 caliber, full fluted cylinder, serial range 2401 - 8000:
5B-069
| 5B-069 | Values—Good $385 | Fine $1,100 |
Model 5A; Same as Model 5, except the barrel length of 4-1/2"; serial range also the same:
| 5B-070 | Values—Good $600 | Fine $1,850 |
Models 6 and 6A; 3-1/2" and 4-1/2" round barrels, COL. COLT NEW-YORK, etc. barrel address, 31 caliber, stagecoach holdup cylinder roll scene, Model 6 has 3-1/2" barrel, 6A has 4-1/2" and worth premium. Serial range 8001 - 11074:
| 5B-071 | Values—Good $425 | Fine $1,100 |
Models 7 and 7A; 3-1/2" and 4-1/2" round barrels, COL. COLT NEW-YORK, etc. barrel address, 31 caliber, stagecoach holdup cylinder roll scene, screw-in cylinder retains the cylinder pin. Model 7 has 3-1/2" barrel, 7A has 4-1/2" and worth premium. Serial range 11075 - 14000:
| 5B-072 | Values—Good $625 | Fine $2,250 |
Colt Model 1855 “First Model” Sporting Rifle
Model 1855 “First Model” Sporting Rifle. Manufactured c. 1856-59; total run of about 1,000.
36 caliber. A very limited number in 40 caliber. 6-shot cylinder. Barrel lengths standard in a variety of lengths, 15" and 18" in carbine size, and 21", 24", 27" and 30" in the rifle size; round in shape, semi-octagonal at the breech.
Varnished or oil finished walnut stocks. Metal parts blued, with casehardened hammer and lever.
The first of Colt’s production of revolving longarms in Hartford, and one of the few sidehammer longarm groups to be individually serial numbered; the range from 1 up through 1000. The standard barrel marking: COLT’S PT./1856 and ADDRESS COL. COLT/HARTFORD CT. U.S.A.Cylinder roll scene of a hunter firing at five deer, found only on the First Model Sporting Rifle.
Quick identification of this model can be made by the oiler device attached to the left side of the barrel lug, the lack of a forestock, the unique cylinder roll scene, and the spur type trigger guard. NOTE: the serial numbers on oiler device and its fasteners seldom match that of the rifle.
Major variations are:
Early production; with hand engraved marking in old English letters on the barrel (Address S. Colt Hartford Ct. U.S.A.), low serial numbers:
5B-073
| 5B-073 | Values—Good $3,500 | Fine $12,500 |
Standard production model, as described above; rifle length barrels:
5B-074
| 5B-074 | Values—Good $3,250 | Fine $10,500 |
Standard production model, but with carbine length barrels:
| 5B-075 | Values—Good $3,250 | Fine $10,500 |
Colt Model 1855 Half Stock Sporting Rifle
Model 1855 Half Stock Sporting Rifle. Made c. 1857-64; estimated production of 1,000 to 1,500.
Calibers 36 and 44 with 6-shot cylinder; large caliber 56, 5-shot. (A few made in 40 and 50 calibers; 6-shot cylinders.) Barrels standard in 24", 27", and 30" lengths; round with semi-octagonal breech.
Varnished or oil stained walnut stocks. Metal parts blued, the hammer and lever casehardened.
Serial numbering in the Half Stock Sporting Rifle group is rather complicated, since these were in ranges by calibers, and military rifles and carbines of the same calibers thus were included, as was the Full Stock Sporting Rifle. Standard topstrap marking: COLT’S PT./1856 and ADDRESS COL. COLT/HARTFORD CT. U.S.A. Cylinders were fluted, and thus roll engraved scenes not present.
For identification purposes, look for the half stock forend, and the rifled barrel (to avoid confusion with the smoothbore Model 1855 Shotgun). Some quite attractive variations have been observed in the Half Stock Sporting group, in special sights, frames, trigger guards, adjustable set triggers, and so forth. Some outstanding engraved and presentation pieces have come from this model. Values about the same for either large scroll type trigger guard or small conventional type:
5B-076
| 5B-076 | Values—Good $3,500 | Fine $10,000 |
Colt Model 1855 Full Stock Sporting Rifle
Model 1855 Full Stock Sporting Rifle. (Not illus.) Manufactured c. 1856-64; the total limited to a few hundred specimens. Virtually identical to Full Stock Military Rifle but without sling swivels and has crescent shaped buttplate.
36, 40, 44, 50, and 56 calibers (calibers 40 & 50 very scarce and will bring a premium). 5-shot cylinder (56 caliber) and 6 shots for all other calibers. Barrel lengths of 21", 24", 27", 30" and 31-5/16"; round with semi-octagonal breech.
Again serial numbering in the series is complicated, since these were in ranges by calibers, and thus military rifles and carbines of the same calibers were included, as was the Half Stock Sporting Rifle. Standard topstrap marking: COLT’S PT./1856 and ADDRESS COL. COLT/HARTFORD CT. U.S.A. Cylinders standard fluted, and without roll engraved scenes.
Identifiable by the full stock forend, the lack of bayonet fixture on the muzzle end, and the general use of sporting style sights. It is possible to confuse this model with some of the full stock military revolving rifles and rifled muskets. In the event of uncertainty, the reader should carefully study the detailed material presented in The Book of Colt Firearms. Considerable variation of details will be observed, generally in sights, trigger guards, frames, barrel lengths, and calibers. As noted in the Half Stock Sporting group, some important engraved and presentation arms have come from this model:
| 5B-077 | Values—Good $3,500 | Fine $11,000 |
Colt 1855 Military Rifle and Rifled Musket
Model 1855 Military Rifle and Rifled Musket. Made c. 1856-64; estimated total production of 9,310.
44 and 56 calibers. 5-shot cylinder (56 caliber) and 6 shots for the 44. 64 caliber very rare; worth premium.
Barrel lengths of 21", 24", 27", 31", 31-3/16", 31-5/16", 37-5/16" and 37-1/2"; round in shape with semi-octagonal breech.
Oil stained walnut stocks. Metal parts blued; hammer and lever casehardened.
As with most of the Model 1855 Sidehammer longarms, the serial number is complex, due to the factory practice of numbering by calibers; thus Full and Half Stock rifles and the various Carbines of identical calibers are all together. Standard topstrap marking for 44 caliber arms: COLT’S PT./1856 and ADDRESS COL. COLT/HARTFORD CT. U.S.A.Standard for the 56 caliber: COL. COLT HARTFORD CT. U.S.A.Cylinders were fluted, and without roll engraved scenes.
A combination of details enables quick identification of the Military Rifle and Rifled Musket: Full stock forend, aperture for bayonet attachment (either a proper bayonet lug, or front sight machined to accept socket), military sights, and U.S. markings (the latter present on government issued arms). Some confusion is possible between the Military Rifle and the Full Stock Sporting Rifle; when in doubt consult the detailed data in The Book of Colt Firearms. A notable degree of variation exists in these arms, in sights, trigger guards, frames, barrel lengths, calibers, markings, finishes, and bayonets. Specimens in caliber 64 are very rare; they are found with barrel lengths of 31-1/4" in smoothbore and rifled. Serial numbers fall below 100. They both accepted the socket-type bayonets. There is no 50 caliber model believed made in this military rifle. Reportings of this 50 caliber are believed to have been confused with the full stock sporting rifle which resembles it.
Major variations are:
Standard type for angular bayonet, U.S. markings:
5B-078
| 5B-078 | Values—Good $5,500 | Fine $22,500 |
Same as above, without U.S. markings:
| 5B-079 | Values—Good $3,500 | Fine $10,000 |
Standard type for saber bayonet, U.S. markings:
| 5B-080 | Values—Good $5,500 | Fine $22,500 |
Same as above, without U.S. markings:
| 5B-081 | Values—Good $3,250 | Fine $10,000 |
Colt Model 1855 Revolving Carbine
Model 1855 Revolving Carbine. Made c. 1856-64; estimated total production 4,435.
36, 44 and 56 calibers. 5-shot cylinder (56 caliber), and 6 shots for the 36 and 44. Barrel lengths of 15", 18", and 21". A 24" variation, the “Artillery Model,” also manufactured. All barrels round in shape with semi-octagonal breech.
Varnished or oil stained walnut stocks (former for civilian sales, latter for military). Metal parts blued; the hammer and lever casehardened.
In common with most of the Model 1855 Sidehammer longarm production, the serial numbering is complex. The factory practice was to number by calibers; thus, Carbines, Full and Half Stock Sporting Rifles, and Military Rifles and Rifled Muskets—of the same caliber—are all numbered together. The company address markings can be confusing. The majority of 36 and 44 caliber Carbines have the topstrap legend: COLT’S PT./1856 ADDRESS COL. COLT/HARTFORD CT. U.S.A.The 56 caliber Carbines customarily marked on the topstrap: COL. COLT HARTFORD CT. U.S.A. Cylinders were fluted, and without roll engraved scenes.
Quick identification of most carbines is from the lack of a forend (the only exception noted below), presence of lanyard rings or swivels (on frames and/or stocks), sights usually military type, and the generally short barrel length. The one variation having a forend is the “Artillery Model,” quite rare, and fitted with the saber type bayonet; these were 56 caliber, with 24" barrel, and had two barrel bands on the forend. Very rare are Carbines in 40 and 50 calibers.
Major variations are:
Standard Carbine in 56 caliber, with military quality finish, no forend stock, and 15", 18" and 21" barrels:
5B-082
| 5B-082 | Values—Good $3,250 | Fine $10,000 |
Standard Carbine in 44 caliber, with military quality finish, no forend, and 18" and 21" barrels:
| 5B-083 | Values—Good $3,250 | Fine $9,500 |
Standard Carbine in 36 caliber, with military quality finish, no forend, and 18" and 21" barrels:
| 5B-084 | Values—Good $3,250 | Fine $9,500 |
Artillery Model Carbine, 56 caliber, with 24" barrel and forend, and bayonet lug on muzzle:
5B-085
| 5B-085 | Values—Good $3,500 | Fine $16,500 |
“British Carbine,” 56 caliber, serial range 10000 - 12000. Barrel lengths from 21" to about 30"; usually with British proofmarks and brass trigger guards and buttplates:
| 5B-086 | Values—Good $3,250 | Fine $9,500 |
Colt Model 1855 Revolving Shotgun
Model 1855 Revolving Shotgun. Made c. 1860-63; total of about 1,100.
10 and 20 gauges (75 and 60 calibers respectively). 5-shot cylinders. Standard barrel lengths of 27", 30", 33", and 36" also known, primarily in the 10 gauge production. All barrels round, with semi-octagonal breech.
Varnished walnut stocks. Metal parts blued, with casehardened hammer and lever. Some barrels were finished brown; and some stocks oil stained.
Serial numbered as a separate group from other Model 1855 production, the shotgun range began with 1 and continued through 1100. 10 gauge specimens bore the standard topstrap marking: COL. COLT HARTFORD CT. U.S.A.20 gauge guns standard marked on the topstrap: COLT’S PT./1856 and ADDRESS COL. COLT/HARTFORD CT. U.S.A.Cylinders fluted, and thus were not roll engraved.
Shotguns are quickly identified by their smoothbore, the usually present trigger guard marking of 60 or 75 cal. (though not found on the scroll guard arms), the serial numbering under 1100, the shotgun style buttplates, and the lack of rear sights. Ultra-rare are specimens of either gauge having full stock forends.
Major variations are:
10 gauge Shotgun, with small oval trigger guard, large frame size, and buttstock without checkering:
5B-088
| 5B-087 | Values—Good $3,000 | Fine $6,000 |
10 gauge Shotgun, with large scroll type trigger guard, large frame size, and checkered buttstock:
| 5B-088 | Values—Good $3,000 | Fine $6,000 |
20 gauge Shotgun, with small oval trigger guard, small frame size, and buttstock without checkering:
| 5B-089 | Values—Good $3,000 | Fine $6,000 |
20 gauge Shotgun, with large scroll type trigger guard, small frame size, and checkered buttstock:
| 5B-090 | Values—Good $3,000 | Fine $7,500 |
Colt Model 1860 Army Revolver
Model 1860 Army Revolver. In production from 1860 through c. 1873; total of about 200,500 made. Serial numbers reached about 156,000 by December, 1865 and the end of the Civil War.
44 caliber. 6-shot rebated cylinder. 7-1/2" (early production only) and 8" barrels; round, with the creeping style loading lever.
Grips of one piece walnut. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; remainder blued. The gripstraps standard as follows: Brass trigger guard, blued steel backstrap.
Serial numbers began at 1 and continued through about 200500. The two basic barrel markings were: -ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA- and -ADDRESS SAML COLT HARTFORD CT.- (early production only). Standard on the left side of the frame was the stamping: COLTS/PATENT. On the left shoulder of trigger guard strap: 44 Cal. Cylinder roll scene of the battle between the Texas Navy and that of Mexico (Same as applied to the 1851 and 1861 Navy Models).
Successor to the Third Model Dragoon, the Model 1860 Army ranks third in total number produced of the various models of percussion Colt handguns. It was the major revolver in use by U.S. troops during the Civil War, and 127,156 of the Model 1860 Army were acquired by the Union government for that conflict. Key variations and their values are as follows:
Fluted Cylinder Army; Cylinders had full flutes, and thus lacked roll engraved scenes. Barrel lengths were 7-1/2" and 8", their markings either the New York or the Hartford addresses. A very few of earliest production fitted with the shorter M. 1851 Navy size grip; very rare variant. Frames usually of the four screw type, with the recoil shield cut for attachment of shoulder stock. Appear in the serial range 3 to about 8000; the total production estimated at 4000:
5B-091
| 5B-091 | Values—Good $2,500 | Fine $11,000 |
Standard Round Cylinder Army; The cylinder roll engraved with the Naval Engagement scene. 8" barrel length, most marked with the New York address, but some early specimens are Hartford-marked. Army (large) size grip; blued steel backstraps, brass trigger guards. Frames of the four screw type until about serial range 50000, at which point the fourth screw (for engaging shoulder stock yoke) was dropped. Most of the production sold to the U.S. government, and marked with inspector stampings on the grips and various metal parts:
5B-092
| 5B-092 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $7,500 |
Civilian Model Round Cylinder Army; The same as the Standard Round Cylinder pistol, except for the three-screw frame and the lack of cuts for shoulder stock attachment. New York barrel address standard. The finish on Civilian Army revolvers was generally superior to the usual military contract pieces:
| 5B-093 | Values—Good $900 | Fine $7,000 |
The number of variations in the 1860 Army is not at all as extensive as in the Model 1849 Pocket or the Model 1851 Navy. The Army’s period of manufacture was shorter, and by the time of its introduction, the Colt revolver had reached a pinnacle of evolution employing the percussion ignition system. OTHER VARIATIONS of the Model 1860, sought by collectors: Attachable shoulder stocks were made in the Second and Third patterns (as detailed in the material on the Third Model Dragoon, q.v.).
The Third type stock is the most often encountered of the military issue “Armys;” large quantity was purchased by government contract early in Civil War. Brass yokes and buttplates usually unfinished on military issue stocks while many sold to civilian market most often silver-plated.
Stock for the fluted cylinder Army, Second type (attaches to back of handle and butt); very rare:
| 5B-094 | Values—Good $4,250 | Fine $10,000 |
Stock for the fluted or round cylinder Army, Third type (yoke type; standard style):
5B-095
| 5B-095 | Values—Good $3,500 | Fine $8,500 |
(Note: A 25 percent to 50 percent premium is placed on stocks having the canteen insert. Whether for fluted or round cylinder model determined by serial range.)
“LONDON”-marked Model 1860 Army. All of these were made at the Hartford plant, but bear the barrel marking ADDRESS COL. COLT LONDON. Backstraps and trigger guards are blued steel. Specimens viewed in serial ranges 158,000, 167,000 and 168,000 very scarce:
| 5B-096 | Values—Good $2,000 | Fine $10,000 |
Colt Model 1861 Navy Revolver
Model 1861 Navy Revolver. Manufactured 1861 through c. 1873; total of 38,843 produced. (Serial numbers approached 28,000 range by December 1865, the year the Civil War ended.)
36 caliber. 6-shot cylinder. 7-1/2" barrel; round, with the creeping style loading lever.
Grips of one piece varnished walnut. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; remainder blued. Brass gripstraps, plated in silver.
Serial numbering began at 1 and continued through 38843. The single standard barrel marking was: - ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA. -. COLTS/PATENT was stamped on the left side of the frame. 36 CAL on the left shoulder of the trigger guard strap. The cylinder roll scene (often very light on this model) depicted the battle between the Texas Navy and that of Mexico.
A streamlined version of the Model 1851 Navy, the 1861 is one of the most attractive of all Colt percussion handguns. However, limited in production quantities and in years of manufacture, the number of variations is few. The key types:
Fluted Cylinder Navy; Only about 100 of these were made, in serial range from 1 to approximately 100. Cylinders are fluted, and bear no roll engraved motif. However, the fluted cylinders were marked PAT. SEPT 10TH 1850 within one of the flutes.
5B-097 Fluted Cylinder Model
| 5B-097 | Values—Good $6,500 | Fine $40,000 |
Standard production model, with the features as described above:
| 5B-098 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $8,000 |
Shoulder Stock Navy; Found only in the serial ranges 11000 and 14000, about 100 were produced. Only the Third type stock was made for the Model 1861 (see Third Model Dragoon for description of the type). Frames of the four screw design, with the recoil shield cut for engaging the stock yoke. Serial number on stock (to match gun) appears on bottom tang of yoke with letter “S” usually marked below each serial. It is also possible to find a stock fitted with the canteen variant; extremely rare:
Stock:
| 5B-099 | Values—Good $4,250 | Fine $10,000 |
Pistol:
| 5B-100 | Values—Good $3,750 | Fine $16,000 |
U.S. Martial marked; Several hundred were sold to both the Army and Navy during the Civil War. Many of these bear no inspector markings; when inspector marks are present they mostly appear on the grips and in single letters on various metal parts. Occasionally U.S.N. found on the brass butt of naval contract pieces. Although U.S. markings beneath COLTS PATENT on frame are reported, such marks are very rare and worth premium. Beware of spurious U.S. frame marks. See 5B-056 Martial Colt 1851 for reference to detailed study of U.S.N. markings.
5B-101 Standard Model
| 5B-101 | Values—Good $2,750 | Fine $17,500 |
London-marked specimen fitted with iron gripstraps; -ADDRESS COL. COLT LONDON-on barrel. These were all manufactured in Colt’s Hartford plant for their London office. Rare:
| 5B-102 | Values—Good $2,000 | Fine $12,000 |
Revised Understanding, Assumptions And Conclusions About The Colt Model 1862 “Police” And Model 1862 “Pocket Navy” Revolvers
Extensive, comparative analytical studies on both these percussion revolvers and their conversions to cartridge models of same (see 5B-127 through 5B-132), most notably those published in the American Society of Arms Collectors (Bulletin No. 85 April, 2002); Man at Arms magazine (issue no. 3, 2003); and “The Rampant Colt” bulletin of the Colt Collector’s Association (Summer 2004) culminated in completion of a major study Variations of Colt’s New Model Police and Pocket Breechloaders by Breslin, Pirie and Price (see Biblio). Similar to the two groundbreaking works on the Colt Pocket Model of 1849, their survey distinguished numerous variations o these 36-caliber models that have not been previously catalogued, as well as clarifying and distinguishing others that are now recognized in a new light. These two models, always popular among collectors, have been contentious as far as terminology was concerned. The authors stated their case well. As the results of their study are so newly imparted and yet to be fully absorbed by the collecting world … or in the marketplace … it is found impracticable to reclassify the long-familiar, usual listings (as in this “guide”). The impact of those findings is yet to be determined. Awareness of the new data may possibly affect the popularity (hence values) of some of those variations, perhaps elevating their status … and consequently “demand” in the marketplace. Some of the conclusions the authors reached may yet be confirmed “beyond shadow of doubt” (as the authors have stated) and they remain assumptions, based mostly on statistical survey of a significant sampling of the guns. Among those important assumptions is their conclusion that these two models were made individually, each in their own serial number range and not, as previously believed, having shared the same serial range.
Colt Model 1862 Police Revolver
Model 1862 Police Revolver. Made from 1861 through c. 1873. Recent studies concluded that this model did not share its serial numbering with the so-called “1862 Pocket Navy” (below) and was numbered in its own range from 1 through approximately 48,000 range. (By December 1865, the year the Civil War ended, the serial number range had reached approximately the 32,000 range.)
36 caliber. 5-shot rebated and half fluted cylinder. 3-1/2" (rare), 4-1/2", 5-1/2", and 6-1/2" barrels; round, with the creeping style loading lever.
Grips of one piece walnut. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; remainder blued. The gripstraps of silver plated brass.
Serial numbers began at 1 and continued (with the Model 1862 Pocket Navy) through approximately 47000. The standard barrel marking was: ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA. On the left side of the frame: COLTS/PATENT. Stamped within one of the cylinder flutes: PAT SEPT. 10th 1850.
The Model 1862 Police is considered by many collectors as the ultimate in streamlined design by Colt’s factory in the percussion period. Due to slow sales and the demand for metallic cartridge arms, several thousand of the late production of the Model 1862 Police and the Pocket Navy were converted from percussion to cartridge use. The result has been to add to the desirability of these arms in their original cap and ball configuration.
Variations of the Model 1862 Police follow:
Early specimens with the barrel marking: ADDRESS SAML COLT/HARTFORD CT. Silver plated iron gripstraps:
| 5B-103 | Values—Good $800 | Fine $3,000 |
Same as above, with silver plated brass gripstraps:
5B-104
| 5B-104 | Values—Good $750 | Fine $2,500 |
Standard version of the Model 1862 Police, in 4-1/2", 5-1/2", or 6-1/2" barrel lengths. NEW YORK barrel address:
| 5B-105 | Values—Good $600 | Fine $2,000 |
As above, but with steel gripstraps, and L beneath serial numbers on bottom of gun; for sales to England. Usually found with British proofmarks:
| 5B-106 | Values—Good $650 | Fine $2,250 |
As above, but with ADDRESS COL. COLT/LONDONbarrel marking. Generally high serial ranges, and rare:
| 5B-107 | Values—Good $1,100 | Fine $4,750 |
Colt Pocket Model of Navy Caliber Revolver
Pocket Model of Navy Caliber Revolver; in earlier days of collecting, erroneously called the “Model of 1853” and in more recent times named the “Model 1862 Pocket Navy” revolver. Now more correctly termed the “Pocket Model of Navy Caliber” or merely “Pocket Navy.” Recent studies concluded that it was numbered in its own serial range, and not, as formerly believed, having shared the number series with the Model 1862 Police (above). Exact years of production undetermined; estimated sometime between 1863 and 1865 extending to approximately 1872. Under 22,000 manufactured (of which a large percentage were either shipped as factory conversions to cartridge or made originally as cartridge models). Serial numbers of all “New York”-marked specimens fall in that serial range (under 22,000); a small group of “LONDON”-marked specimens (see 5B-110) recorded in the serial range 37,000!) The “Pocket Model of Navy Caliber” has always been among the scarcer of the Colt percussion revolvers. Its basic variations are as follows:
36 caliber. 5-shot round, rebated cylinder. 4-1/2", 5-1/2", and 6-1/2" barrels, octagonal, with the Model 1851 Navy style hinged loading lever.
Grips of one piece walnut. Casehardened frame, hammer, and lever; remainder blued. The gripstraps of silver plated brass.
Serial numbering began at 1 and continued (with the Model 1862 Police) through approximately 47000. It is not known for certain whether the number 1 was marked on the Model 1862 Police, or the Pocket Navy—or perhaps both. Some duplication is considered likely to have occurred. The standard barrel marking was: ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA. On the left side of the frame: COLTS/PATENT. The cylinder roll scene was the stagecoach holdup.
Standard version, in 4-1/2", 5-1/2", or 6-1/2" barrel lengths:
5B-108
| 5B-108 | Values—Good $625 | Fine $2,250 |
New York barrel address, with blued steel grip straps and L markings with most serial numbers (for English market):
| 5B-109 | Values—Good $700 | Fine $2,750 |
ADDRESS COL. COLT/LONDONbarrel marking, with British proofmarks and blued steel grip straps. (These were made at the Hartford factory for sale in their London office. Very limited production. Serial numbers recorded in the 17,000, 34,000, 37,000 and 39,000 serial ranges). Rare and seldom encountered.
| 5B-110 | Values—Good $950 | Fine $4,500 |
Thuer Conversion Colt Revolvers
Thuer Conversion Revolvers. Manufactured c. 1869-72; in a total production of about 5,000. The Thuer was Colt’s first production of revolving firearms chambered for metallic cartridges. Production was in several models, as pointed out in the valuations listed below.
31, 36, and 44 calibers; all in the specially designed tapered Thuer cartridge. The design of these arms also allowed for changing of cylinders, in order to employ the cap and ball system. All cylinders were six-shot. Barrel lengths varied according to model.
Grips and finishes were standard according to the various models. This was also true with serial numbers, which generally appear in the higher ranges. Barrel, frame, and serial number markings were likewise conventional. However, distinctive to all Thuer conversions is the marking on the conversion ring (positioned at the breech end of the cylinder): PAT.SEP./15.1868; an E, in script, was marked on the ring at the eject position.
Besides the markings, the Thuer rings are easily identifiable by the presence of a turning knob, the rebounding firing pin, the ejection mechanism, and the fact that, with removal of the cylinder, the ring itself is removed as a separate unit. The ring fits over an extension left on the breech end of the cylinder where metal was machined off. Barrel lugs of the following models were machined on the right side to allow for front loading of the cylinders with the Thuer cartridge: Model 1849 Pocket, 1851 Navy, 1860 Army, 1861 Navy, 1862 Police, 1862 Pocket Navy. (Note: Though failing to prove a practical product, the Thuer’s status as the first metallic cartridge revolving Colt firearm places specimens in a prized category for the Colt collector. Limited production has made the type quite desirable but has also attracted a certain amount of faking. Collectors should be extremely wary when acquiring this model.)
Major models are as follows:
Model 1849 Pocket revolver, various barrel lengths:
| 5B-111 | Values—Very Good $4,750 | Exc. $12,500 |
Model 1851 Navy:
5B-112 1851 Navy Conversion
| 5B-112 | Values—Very Good $5,000 | Exc. $14,000 |
Model 1860 Army:
5B-113 1860 Army Conversion
| 5B-113 | Values—Very Good $5,500 | Exc. $16,500 |
Model 1861 Navy:
| 5B-114 | Values—Very Good $5,500 | Exc. $16,500 |
Model 1862 Police:
| 5B-115 | Values—Very Good $4,500 | Exc. $11,500 |
Model 1862 Pocket Navy:
| 5B-116 | Values—Very Good $4,500 | Exc. $11,500 |
(Note: Also known, but extremely rare, are Thuer conversions in the Dragoon, Model 1855 Sidehammer revolver, and the Model 1855 Sidehammer rifle. These demand a premium.)
Richards Conversion, Colt 1860 Army Revolver
Richards Conversion, Model 1860 Army Revolver. Made c. 1871-78; total production of about 9,000.
44 Colt centerfire. 6-shot rebated cylinder. 8" barrel; round, with ejector rod attached, loading lever removed and the barrel lug plugged.
Grips and finish standard for the Model 1860 Army; breechplate casehardened.
Serial numbering in two ranges: One group which began at 1 and ran to approximately 8700 (including the Richards-Mason model), and another which was within the Model 1860 Army serial sequence from about 167000 - 200614. Barrel marking: -ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA -. On the left shoulder of trigger guard strap: 44 CAL. Cylinder roll depicts the naval engagement scene.
Quick identification of the Richards can be made by noting the following details: Conversion breechplate having a firing pin, integral rear sight, and a rim which projects slightly over the breech end of the cylinder, the Model 1860 barrel lug contour retained, and the ejector rod extending out of the tube significantly (in direction of the cylinder). The Richards proved a much more practical conversion than the Thuer, and is a popular early metallic cartridge revolver with collectors.
12-Slot Cylinder Variation: The first group (quantity unknown) of Richards Conversions were fitted with cylinders bearing 12 notches for the cylinder stop (versus the usual six notches). Earliest of these were Army cylinders which had the notches added at the time of conversion while other cylinders were newly-made for the existing percussion 1860 revolvers. The details were published initially in the May, 2002 issue of Gun Report magazine (by R.B. McDowell). An unknown quantity (likely small) of newly manufactured 12-notch cylinders were never utilized; some subsequently found their way to the collectors’ market years later “on the loose.” Hence, caution should be exercised on acquisition of the early 12-notch Richards Conversion, in order to ascertain it was originally assembled that way! Note: an occasional 12-stop cylinder has been encountered on the “transition” (a.k.a. “Second Model” Richards as well as the 1860 Richards-Mason Conversion (5B-120); such oddities have been determined to be not factory original variations.)
Major variations are:
Standard model (a.k.a. “First Model”):
5B-117
| 5B-117 | Values—Good $1,000 | Fine $4,500 |
U.S. marked specimens, the U.S. on left side of the barrel lug, serial numbers mixed, (with a second set of conversion numbers next to original numbers), government inspector marks present:
| 5B-118 | Values—Good $3,000 | Fine $14,000 |
Transition model (a.k.a. “Type II” or “Second Model”) between the Richards and Richards-Mason; has barrel and ejector type of the former, and conversion plate and hammer of the latter, 1871 and 1872 patent dates marked on left side of the frame:
| 5B-119 | Values—Good $1,600 | Fine $5,750 |
Richards-Mason Conversion, Colt 1860 Army
Richards-Mason Conversion, Model 1860 Army Revolver. Major production period c. 1877-78; total of about 2,100.
44 Colt centerfire. 6-shot rebated cylinder. 7-1/2" and 8" barrels; round and of special production having a smaller lug area than the Richards Model; ejector rod attached.
Grips and finish standard for the Model 1860 Army; breechplate casehardened. Nickel plating not unusual.
Serial numbered within the range of the Richards Model, the Richards-Mason running from 5800 to about 7900. Barrel marking either -ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA -, or COLT’S PT. F.A. MFG. CO HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A. On the left side of the frame are 1871 and 1872 patent dates. 44 CAL on the left shoulder of the trigger guard strap. Cylinder roll depicts the naval engagement scene.
Identifying characteristics allowing for quick identification of this model are: Breechplate without integral rear sight, cut away at top to allow for the hammer to strike the cartridge, no projecting front rim on the conversion plate (as on the Richards Model), and the special barrel made for the R-M group:
5B-120
| 5B-120 | Values—Good $1,275 | Fine $5,500 |
Conversion of the Colt Model 1851 Navy
Conversion of the Model 1851 Navy. Made primarily in the mid 1870s; total production of about 3,800.
38 rimfire and 38 centerfire. 6-shot cylinders. 7-1/2" barrels; octagonal, with ejector rod attached, and the loading lever removed and barrel lug plugged.
Grips and finish standard for the Model 1851 Navy. Nickel plating not unusual.
Serial numbering in two ranges: The major group (special series for metallic cartridge) which began at 1 and ran to about 3800, and another which was within the percussion series of about 41000 to 91000 (the latter all naval alterations, and noted separately in the valuations below). Barrel marking: ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA- or -ADDRESS SAML COLT HARTFORD CT.-. Left side of the frame marked either COLTS/PATENT or with 1871 and 1872 patent dates. The cylinder roll is of the naval engagement scene.
The major variations and their values are:
Standard model, produced from previously unfinished and unassembled parts (all pieces from the 1 - 3800 serial range); the method of alteration was the same as in the Richards-Mason Model 1860 Army:
5B-121
| 5B-121 | Values—Good $800 | Fine $3,750 |
U.S. Navy Conversions, were made from Model 1851 pistols returned to the factory (the serial group 41000 - 91000 as noted above). Navy inspector markings present (note USN on buttstrap), 1871 and 1872 patent dates stamped over COLTS/PATENT on the frame, blued and casehardened finish; iron gripstraps standard. See 5B-056 Martial Colt 1851 for reference to detailed study of U.S. Navy markings.
| 5B-122 | Values—Good $1,750 | Fine $6,000 |
Civilian pistols sent to Colt’s factory for conversion, and thus appearing from various serial ranges from the percussion production:
| 5B-123 | Values—Good $800 | Fine $3,500 |
Conversion of the Colt Model 1861 Navy
Conversion of the Model 1861 Navy. Made primarily in the mid 1870s; total production of about 2,200.
38 rimfire and 38 centerfire. 6-shot cylinders. 7-1/2" barrels; round, with attached ejector rod, and the loading lever removed and barrel lug plugged.
Grips and finish standard for the Model 1861 Navy. Nickel plating not unusual.
Serial numbering in two ranges: Group beginning at around 100 and running up through about 3300, and another within the percussion series and generally of four digits (the latter all naval alterations, and noted separately below). Standard barrel marking: -ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA -. The left side of frame marked either COLTS/PATENT or with 1871 and 1872 patent dates. Cylinder roll scene of the naval engagement.
The major variations and their values are:
Standard model, made from previously unfinished and unassembled parts (all pieces from the c. 100 - 3300 serial range); the method of alteration the same as the Richards-Mason Model 1860 Army:
5B-124
| 5B-124 | Values—Good $850 | Fine $3,750 |
U.S. Navy Conversions, made from Model 1861 pistols returned to the factory (serial group mainly of four digit numbers). Standard Navy inspector markings, including USN on buttstrap; iron gripstraps standard. 1871 and 1872 patent dates stamped over COLTS/PATENT on the frame, blued and casehardened finish. See 5B-056 Martial Colt 1851 for reference to detailed study of U.S. Navy markings.
| 5B-125 | Values—Good $1,400 | Fine $6,500 |
Civilian pistols sent to Colt’s factory for conversion, and thus appearing from various serial ranges from the percussion production:
| 5B-126 | Values—Good $750 | Fine $3,250 |
Conversions to Cartridge of the Colt Model 1862 “Police” and “Pocket Model Navy” Small Frame Revolvers
The major conversion groups made by the Colt factory of percussion revolvers to breech-loading cartridge models were with the Model 1862 “Police” revolver and the “Pocket Model of Navy Caliber.” Numerous styles and variations are recorded. Approximately 32,000 were altered or produced as original cartridge pistols, utilizing parts of those small frame “Police” and “Pocket Navy” models. In some instances reworked parts from the Model 1849 Pocket Revolver (“Old Model Pocket”; 5B-042) were utilized. Estimated that about 13,000 were factory conversions from percussion models and approximately 20,000 were newly made as cartridge models. When frames and parts from the Pocket Model of 1849 were utilized they are usually observed in the serial range 273,000 to 328,500.
Collecting and categorizing these “Small Frame Conversions” has long been a source of confusion for collectors. Very little reliable data have been available. Increased collector interest and well researched studies have placed these models and their many variations in a more accurate perspective. (Additional significant information directly pertaining to these conversions is included with the commentary immediately preceding the Percussion Model 1862 Police Revolver 5B-103 et al.)
Colt 4-1/2" Octagon Barrel Revolver
4-1/2" Octagon Barrel Revolver. Made c. 1873-75; total quantity estimated 2,000 (all believed from converted percussion revolvers).
38 rimfire. 5-shot cylinder. The octagonal barrel without ejector, the loading lever cutout plugged.
Serial numbering as noted in preface material; in percussion and metallic cartridge ranges. Barrel marking: -ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA-. Left side of the frame marked either COLTS/PATENT or with 1871 and 1872 patent dates. Cylinder roll scene depicts the stagecoach holdup.
Key identifying features are the 4-1/2" octagonal barrel without ejector, and the cylinder with stagecoach holdup scene:
5B-127
| 5B-127 | Values—Very Good $650 | Exc. $3,000 |
Colt Round Barrel Pocket Navy with Ejector
Round Barrel Pocket Navy with Ejector. Made c. 1873-75; total quantity about 2,000.
38 rimfire and 38 centerfire. 5-shot cylinder. Distinctive round barrel and lug contour with attached ejector rod; plugged loading lever area. 4-1/2", 5-1/2", and 6-1/2" barrel lengths.
Serial numbering as noted in preface material; in percussion and metallic cartridge ranges. Barrel marking: COLT’S PT.F.A.MFG.CO/ HARTFORD CT.U.S.A. On the left side of the frame were stamped 1871 and 1872 patent dates. Cylinder roll scene depicts the stagecoach holdup.
Distinct identifying features are the round barrel and special barrel lug, presence of ejector rod, loading gate on the conversion breech plate, and the roll engraved cylinder:
5B-128
| 5B-128 | Values—Very Good $850 | Exc. $3,400 |
Colt 1862 Police & Pocket Navy, with Ejector
Model 1862 Police and Pocket Navy, with Ejector. Made c. 1873-75; total quantity about 6,500.
38 rimfire and 38 centerfire. 5-shot cylinder. Round barrels altered from the standard Model 1862 Police percussion type; plugged in the loading lug area, but still retaining much of the original profile. 4-1/2", 5-1/2", and 6-1/2" barrel lengths.
Serial numbering as noted in preface material; in percussion and metallic cartridge ranges. Barrel marking:-ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S. AMERICA-. On the left side of the frame COLTS/PATENT or either of two forms of 1871 and 1872 patent dates. Cylinder roll scene depicts the stagecoach holdup, but not present on half-fluted cylinders.
Quick identification possible by the distinct barrel lug contour, presence of the ejector rod, and the presence of the left-over percussion loading cutout in the lower section of the barrel lug.
Conversion having rebated, roll engraved cylinder:
| 5B-129 | Values—Very Good $825 | Exc. $3,000 |
Conversion having rebated, half-fluted cylinder:
5B-130
| 5B-130 | Values—Very Good $950 | Exc. $3,750 |
Colt Round (Ctg.) Barrel Model, with Ejector (“Solid Barrel Type”)
Round (Cartridge) Barrel Model, with Ejector. (Not illus.) Made c. 1873-75; total quantity about 6,500.
38 rimfire and 38 centerfire. 5-shot cylinder. The distinct round barrel design was made specifically for this model, and was not altered from the percussion. 4-1/2", 5-1/2" and 6-1/2" barrel lengths.
Serial numbering as noted in preface material; in percussion and metallic cartridge ranges. Barrel marking: COLT’S PT.F.A. CO/ HARTFORD CT.U.S.A. On the left side of the frame were MFG.stamped 1871 and 1872 patent dates. Cylinder roll scene of the stagecoach holdup.
Can be identified quickly by the barrel lug contour (can be confused only with the Round Barrel Pocket Navy with Ejector), presence of the ejector rod, and the lack of any plug in the barrel lug:
| 5B-131 | Values—Very Good $750 | Exc. $3,000 |
Colt 3-1/2" Round (Ctg.) Barrel, w/o Ejector (“Solid Barrel Type”)
3-1/2" Round (Cartridge) Barrel Model, without Ejector (a.k.a. “Solid Barrel Type”). Made c. 1873-80; total quantity about 10,000 (of which approx. 6,500 were converted from Pocket Model 1849 revolver parts; the additional estimated 3,500 made as original cartridge guns).
38 rimfire and 38 centerfire. 5-shot cylinder. The 3-1/2" round barrel without ejector was manufactured specifically for this model, and was not altered from the percussion.
Serial numbering as noted in preface material; in percussion and metallic cartridge ranges. Barrel marking: COLT’S PT.F.A.MFG.CO/HARTFORD CT. U.S.A. On the left side of the frame were stamped 1871 and 1872 patent dates. Cylinder roll scene of the stagecoach holdup.
Instantly identifiable by the stubby 3-1/2" round barrel without ejector rod; loading gates seldom present. Of all models of the 1862 Police/Pocket Navy conversions, the 3-1/2" Round Barrel type is the most common. Specimens were shipped as late as the 1880s:
5B-132
| 5B-132 | Values—Very Good $600 | Exc. $2,450 |
Colt Model 1871-72 Open Top Revolver
Model 1871-72 Open Top Revolver. Manufactured c. 1872-73; in a total quantity of about 7,000.
44 rimfire. 6-shot cylinder. 7-1/2" barrel; made specifically for this model, and not to be confused with the Richards-Mason conversion.
Varnished walnut grips. Metal parts blued, the hammer casehardened; some brass gripstraps made, and these were finished in silver plating.
Serial numbered in its own range, the Open Top series began with 1 and ran through about 7000. Barrel Marking: -ADDRESS COL. SAML COLT NEW-YORK U.S.AMERICA-. On the left side of the frame of about the first 1000 pistols was stamped COLTS/PATENT; the balance of production was marked with 1871 and 1872 patent dates. 44 CAL on the left shoulder of the trigger guard strap. Cylinder scene is the naval engagement.
The model is quickly identifiable by the lack of a conversion breechplate, the straight cylinder (not rebated), and the Richards-Mason type barrels but having an integral rear sight. As the direct predecessor to the Single Action Army, the Open Top 44 is highly prized by collectors. Its limited production and the hard use many experienced has made the model one of the more difficult of major Colt revolver types to obtain.
Major variations are:
Standard model, 7-1/2" barrel, New-York barrel address marking, Army size grips:
| 5B-133 | Values—Good $2,500 | Fine $9,500 |
Same as above, but with Navy size grips:
5B-134
| 5B-134 | Values—Good $3,000 | Fine $11,000 |
Late production, with COLT’S PT.F.A.MFG.CO.HARTFORD, CT. U.S.A. barrel address marking:
| 5B-135 | Values—Good $2,750 | Fine $10,000 |
Any of the above models having 8" barrel, or COLTS/PATENT frame marking bring an added premium.
