Читать книгу Все науки. №7, 2024. Международный научный журнал - Ибратжон Хатамович Алиев - Страница 12

The development of information technology in the modern industry leads to the need to improve data transmission systems at high speeds. The improvement of technologies for sending electromagnetic signals between different communication systems was initially organized on the principles of interaction through a direct conductor, which was observed in local installations where individual blocks of a particular design interacted with each other transmitting the necessary data [1]. In this case, the speed and volume of data transmission was limited by the network capabilities, in the case of speed, it was the speed depending on the difference in the created potentials or on the speed of charges in the conductor, the volume depended on the quantitative possibility of transferring charges over a certain distance.

Subsequent developments led to the discovery of oscillatory circuit technology, and even taking into account the development of the original technology with the search for combining materials, the method of transmitting information by direct transmission through an electromagnetic field at a speed scale became and remained a priority [2—4]. The boundary value in this case was the velocity of wave propagation, depending on the parameters of the medium, equal to the speed of light in a particular medium. Bandwidth also became the final indicator of volume, but unlike the first option, a significant obstacle appeared in this data transmission technology in the global and local sense – data loss. In this case, the opening of opportunities for third-party perception of information or decryption is not understood, but the direct loss of data due to a decrease in the amplitude and power of the directed electromagnetic signal towards the receiver.

With the development of the basics of technology and the improvement of both methods of information transmission, a third class of technologies was formed [2—3; 5—6] capable of sending signals over long distances with minimal losses and at a speed equal in magnitude to the speed of propagation of an electromagnetic field in a vacuum – fiber optic networks. At the same time, they had all the advantages of conductor technology regarding the possibility of increasing volumes at maximum speed, however, in this case, the speed, even taking into account its extreme indicators with the achievement of the maximum vacuum level, was insufficient with the growing needs of current technological networks. An increase in the volume of data transmission leads to an increase in the scale of installations, which does not meet the requirements of the current time, based on this, there is a need for research and development of technologies with more advanced capabilities.

With the development of quantum theory, the attention of researchers began to be attracted by the effect of quantum tunneling, now used in tunnel diodes, computer networks, tunnel microscope [4; 7], superconducting systems and many other technologies. The study theoretically did not consider new effects associated with the accelerated transfer of information between objects, therefore, the theoretical justification of the tunneling effect in the transmission of information is relevant.