Читать книгу Все науки. №7, 2024. Международный научный журнал - Ибратжон Хатамович Алиев - Страница 14

Initially, it is important to determine the class of tasks where the use of tunneling technology may be in demand. Due to the fact that the maximum transmission speed when using fiber—optic systems or oscillatory circuits with a transmitting electromagnetic field is the speed of light in the specified medium and in the maximum case, it is 299,792,458 m/s, capable of circumnavigating the planet Earth in 0.134 s – the maximum possible delay in the transmission system, it becomes obvious that the scope of application data transmission systems with high speeds are becoming cosmic in scale. Space probes are already being used by international organizations. The earliest probes are Pioneer 5, 6 (A), 7 (B), 8 (C) and others, the earliest are Helios A, Helios B, ISEE—3, Ulysses, Wind, SOHO, ACE and modern ones are the second exit of Ulysses, Genesis [3—7; 11—12; 14].

Also, among the probes there are Stereo A operating to date since 2006, DSCOVR since 2015, Parker Solar Probe until December 2025, ESA from 2020, ISRO from 2023 and others. Also, each of the probes is divided into different categories – Solar probes aimed at exploring the Sun and located at a comparative distance from Earth up to 1 astronomical unit, which also include Mercury probes – Mariner 10, MESSENGER, BeliKolombo and others and Venus probes – Venus 1, Mariner 1, Sputnik 19, Sputnik 2, Cosmos 27, Zone 1, Venus 8, Mariner 10, Pioneer Venus, Venus 12, Venus 11, Magellan, Galileo, Cassini and others [2—5; 7—14]. But there are also probes directed in the opposite direction, which include the Mars probes – Mars 1B No. 1, Mariner 3, Zone 2, Mars 1969A, Cosmos 419, PrOP-M, Mars 5, Mars 6, Mars 7, Phobos 1 and 2, the 2001 Martian Odyssey, Nozomi, Mars Express not counting a large number of rovers – Mars A «Spirit», Mars B «Opportunity», along with others – Rosetta, Phoenix, Dawn, Marco A «WALL—I», Marco B «Eve», Tianwen-1, Zhuron, Psyche, Hera, Europa Clipper and others [13—14; 15].

These include the probes of the Mars satellite, as well as other satellites and even asteroids – Dawn, Galileo, who visited asteroids 951 Gaspra, 243 Ida, Clementine, who visited 1620 Geographos, among others. Separately, there are probes of the largest planet – Jupiter in the person of Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Cassini, Ulysses, New Horizons, Galileo, Juno, SOC, and its satellites, in particular Ganymede. Also, Saturn – Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Cassini, and its moon Titan – Huygens [7—8; 14—15]. And even the most distant planets of the Solar System – Uranus, Neptune, which Voyager 1 was able to reach, and even the dwarf planet Pluto, which the New Horizons probe was able to reach, which continued its journey and was able to reach the Kuiper belt to the space object 486958 Arrokot, located at a distance of 43.4 astronomical units from the Sun [1—8; 9]!

Based on the particular list of space objects of artificial and research origin available in space, it becomes obvious that the most important scientific research data on a wide variety of objects in and outside the Solar System must be transmitted at the highest possible speeds. At the moment, taking into account the available technologies, at a distance of 43.4 astronomical units, taking into account the distance to Earth of 42.4 astronomical units from the farthest probe New Horizons, the signal reaches in 21,157.8 seconds or 5 hours 52 minutes and 37.8 seconds.

In order to be able to transmit a signal over a distance using tunneling technology, it is necessary to initially present the information in the form of a group of charges, a beam, to which additional energy is transmitted. It can be transmitted by means of an electric field in a small portable accelerator, where, upon reaching the required defect, the particle will tunnel at a speed several times higher than the speed of light, according to the nature of the phenomenon of quantum tunneling to Earth at a specified point with a certain error and degree of loss.

But for a better consideration of the issue, it is necessary to proceed to the formulation of the appropriate task.