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Chapters 4 through 6 bring material, structural and discursive constraints directly into conversation with a range of settings and practices, from media to the stage, in which performances of citizenship take place.

4. Performing Bollywood: Young Roma Dance Cultural Citizenship

Chapter 4 focuses on a student dance group, Together, comprised of young Roma from Pod and non-Roma, who perform at festivals and schools in Transylvania and abroad. Many Roma students continue to be discriminated against in schools that boast multicultural policies and for the young Roma in this group, dance was one of their few avenues of success.

5. Consuming Exoticism/Reimagining Citizenship: Romanian Nationalism and Roma Counterpublics on Romanian Television

Chapter 5 combines media analysis and ethnographic research, discussing the representations of Roma by non-Roma in the hugely successful television soaps Gypsy Heart, The Queen and State of Romania, and in talk shows and debates on current affairs programmes. It analyses Roma performances of citizenship in the media and their reception among different Roma.

6. The Ambivalence of Success: Roma Musicians and the Citizenship Gap

Focusing on musical performances as performances of citizenship, Chapter 6 discusses Roma musicians and their success in relation to the citizenship gap for Roma. The chapter discusses manele singer Florin Salam’s unsuccessful attempt to represent Romania at the Eurovision Song Contest in 2010, and Viorica and Ioniţă’s performances on the reality show Clejanii, in relation to both the citizenship gap and Roma counterpublics.

Conclusion: Unlearning the Forgetting

The conclusion discusses Hungarian Roma artist Tibor Balogh’s performance installation ‘Rain of Tears’ as a metaphor for the work that states and individuals alike need to undertake in order to close the citizenship gap for Roma.