Читать книгу Continuous Emission Monitoring - James A. Jahnke - Страница 43

The NO_x Budget Program was replaced by the Clean Air Interstate Rule in 2009 although the rule had been issued originally in 2005. The rule extended the NBP affecting 27 states plus Washington DC. CAIR included three interstate cap‐and‐trade programs: (i) the CAIR SO₂ trading program, (ii) the CAIR NO_x annual trading program, and (iii) the CAIR NO_x ozone season trading program. About 70% of the CAIR NO_x ozone season units used CEM systems to measure NO_x emissions (U.S. EPA 2010, 2014b). Lower‐cost monitoring alternatives were used for low‐emitting and infrequently operating gas and oil units.

After a training year in 2008, the CAIR NO_x ozone season and NO_x annual programs began in 2009 and the CAIR SO₂ program in 2010. This was after several court challenges that resulted in CAIR being vacated by the D.C. Court of Appeals in 2008, but remanded back to EPA until new rules could be developed to replace the program. CAIR was eventually replaced by the Cross‐State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR), which was proposed in 2011, but was not implemented until 2015.