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Table of Contents

Introductory

Treaty Concluded November 28, 17852

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Fernando de Soto's Expedition

Early Traditions

Early Contact with Virginia Colonists

Early Relations with Carolina Colonists

Mention by Various Early Authors

Territory of Cherokees at Period of English Settlement

Population

Old Cherokee Towns

Expulsion of Shawnees by Cherokees and Chickasaws

Treaty Relations with the Colonies

Treaty Relations with the United States

Proceedings at Treaty of Hopewell

Treaty Concluded July 2, 1791

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Causes of Dissatisfaction with the Boundary of 1785

Tennessee Company's Purchase

Difficulties in Negotiating New Treaty

Survey of New Boundaries

Treaty Concluded February 17, 1792

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Discontent of the Cherokees

War with Cherokees

Treaty Concluded June 26, 1794

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Complaints Concerning Boundaries.

Cherokee Hostilities

Intercourse Act of 1796

Treaty Concluded October 2, 1798106

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Disputes Respecting Territory

Treaty Concluded October 24, 1804

Material Provisions

Historical Data

New Treaty Authorized by Congress

Wafford's Settlement

Further Negotiations Authorized

Treaty Concluded October 25, 1805

Material Provisions

Treaty Concluded October 27, 1805

Material Provisions

Historical Data Respecting Both Treaties

Continued Negotiations Authorized

Controversy Concerning "Doublehead" Tract

Treaty Concluded January 7, 1806

Material Provisions

Treaty Concluded September 11, 1807

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Controversy Concerning Boundaries

Explanatory Treaty Negotiated

Treaty Concluded March 22, 1816

Material Provisions

Treaty Concluded March 22, 1816172

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Colonel Earle's Negotiations for the Purchase of Iron-Ore Tract

Tennessee Fails to Conclude a Treaty with the Cherokees

Removal of Cherokees to the West of the Mississippi Proposed

Efforts of South Carolina to Extinguish Cherokee Title

Boundary Between Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws

Roads Through the Cherokee Country

Treaty Concluded September 14, 1816

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Further Purchase of Cherokee Lands

Treaty Concluded July 8, 1817

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Policy of Removing Indian Tribes to the West of the Mississippi River

Further Cession of Territory by the Cherokees

Treaty Concluded February 27, 1819

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Cherokees West of the Mississippi—Their Wants and Condition

Disputes Among Cherokees Concerning Emigration

Public Sentiment in Tennessee and Georgia Concerning Cherokee Removal

Treaty Concluded for Further Cession of Land

Status of Certain Cherokees

Treaty Concluded May 6, 1828

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Return J. Meigs and the Cherokees

Tennessee Denies the Validity of Cherokee Reservations

United States Agree to Extinguish Indian Title in Georgia

Cherokee Progress in Civilization

Failure of Negotiations for Further Cession of Lands

The Cherokee Nation Adopts a Constitution

Cherokee Affairs West of the Mississippi

Treaty Concluded February 14, 1833

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Conflicting Land Claims of Creeks and Cherokees West of the Mississippi

Purchase of Osage Half-breed Reserves

President Jackson Refuses to Approve the Treaty of 1834

Treaty Concluded December 29, 1835

Material Provisions

Supplementary Articles to Foregoing Treaty, Concluded March 1, 1836

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Zealous Measures for Removal of Eastern Cherokees

General Carroll's Report on the Condition of the Cherokees

Failure of Colonel Lowry's Mission

Decision of the Supreme Court in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia

Failure of Mr. Chester's Mission

Decision of Supreme Court in Worcester vs. Georgia

Disputed Boundaries Between Cherokees and Creeks

Cherokees Plead with Congress and the President for Justice

Cherokees Propose an Adjustment

Cherokees Memorialize Congress

Treaty Negotiations Resumed

Report of Major Davis

Elias Boudinot's Views

Speech of General R. G. Dunlap

Report of General John E. Wool

Report of John Mason, Jr

Henry Clay's Sympathy with the Cherokees

Policy of the President Criticised—Speech of Col. David Crockett

General Scott Ordered to Command Troops in the Cherokee Country

John Ross Proposes a New Treaty

Cherokees Permitted to Remove Themselves.

Dissensions Among Cherokees in Their New Home

Cherokees Charge the United States with Bad Faith

Per Capita Payments Under the Treaty

Political Murders in Cherokee Nation

Adjudication Commissioners Appointed

Treaty Concluded August 6, 1846

Material Provisions

Historical Data

Cherokees Desire a New Treaty

Feuds Between the Ross, Treaty, and Old Settler Parties

Death of Sequoyah or George Guess

Old Settler and Treaty Parties Propose to Remove to Mexico

More Political Murders

Negotiation of Treaty of 1846

Affairs of the North Carolina Cherokees

Proposed Removal of the Catawba Indians to the Cherokee Country

Financial Difficulties of the Cherokees

Murder of the Adairs and Others

Financial Distresses—New Treaty Proposed

Slavery in the Cherokee Nation

Removal of White Settlers on Cherokee Land

Fort Gibson Abandoned by the United States

Removal of Trespassers on "Neutral Land"

John Ross Opposes Survey and Allotment of Cherokee Domain

Political Excitement in 1860

Cherokees and the Southern Confederacy

Cherokee Troops for the Confederate Army

A Cherokee Confederate Regiment Deserts to the United States

Ravages of War in the Cherokee Nation

Treaty Concluded July 19, 1866

Material Provisions

Treaty Concluded April 27, 1868

Material Provisions

Historical Data

United States Desire to Remove Indians from Kansas to Indian Territory

Council of Southern Tribes at Camp Napoleon

General Council at Fort Smith

Conference at Washington, D. C.

Cession and Sale of Cherokee Strip and Neutral Lands

Appraisal of Confiscated Property—Census

New Treaty Concluded But Never Ratified

Boundaries of the Cherokee Domain

Delawares, Munsees, and Shawnees Join the Cherokees

Friendly Tribes to be Located on Cherokee Lands West of 96°

East and North Boundaries of Cherokee Country

Railroads Through Indian Territory

Removal of Intruders—Cherokee Citizenship

General Remarks