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Главная Авторы Jeffrey McCullough Transfusion Medicine

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Transfusion Medicine

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Страница 1 Table of Contents List of Tables List of Illustrations Guide Pages Страница 7Страница 8 Contributors Preface 1 History 1.1 Ancient times 1.2 The period 1500–1700 1.3 The 1800s 1.4 First transfusions in the United States 1.5 The discovery of blood groups 1.6 Anticoagulation 1.7 Modern blood banking and blood banks 1.8 Cadaver blood 1.9 The Rh blood group system and prevention of Rh immunization 1.10 Coombs and antiglobulin serum 1.11 Plasma and the blood program during World War II 1.12 Plastic bags and blood components 1.13 Cryoprecipitate and factor VIII 1.14 Red cell preservation 1.15 Leukocyte antigens and antibodies 1.16 Platelet collection, storage, and transfusion 1.17 Apheresis 1.18 Granulocyte transfusions 1.19 Summary References 2 The Blood Supply 2.1 Worldwide blood supply US blood supply 2.2 Amount of blood collected Platelet production Plasma production for transfusion 2.3 Management of the blood supply 2.4 Other activities of community blood centers 2.5 The plasma collection system Plasma definitions Federally licensed plasma collection and manufacturing organizations Plasma collection activity 2.6 Nongovernmental blood bank organizations AABB, formerly the American Association of Blood Bank America’s Blood Centers Plasma Protein Therapeutics Association 2.7 World Health Organization 2.8 Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 2.9 International Society for Blood Transfusion 2.10 Regulation of the blood supply system US Federal Regulation Other required licensure Voluntary accreditation of blood banks College of American Pathologists Accreditation Program References 3 Recruitment of Blood Donors 3.1 Demographic characteristics of blood donors Gender Age Race/Ethnicity Education and socioeconomic characteristics Employment Other social characteristics 3.2 Motivation of whole blood donors Psychosocial theories applicable to blood donation Integrated model Theory of planned behavior Giving and not giving 3.3 The donation experience and factors that influence continued donation Social influences on blood donation and social media Family history of donation or blood use The donation situation Organizational influences Role of incentives 3.4 Whole blood donor recruitment strategies 3.5 Apheresis donor recruitment 3.6 Bone marrow donors References 4 Blood Donor Medical Assessment, Collection, and Complications 4.1 Blood collection 4.2 Medical assessment of whole blood donors Registration Obtaining medical history Patients with hemochromatosis as blood donors Physical examination of the blood donor Special blood donations 4.3 Collection of whole blood Labeling Blood bags Anticoagulant preservative solutions Selection of the vein and preparation of the venipuncture site Venipuncture Blood collection 4.4 Postdonation care and adverse reactions to blood donation Postdonation care Adverse reactions Severe reactions to blood donation Seizures Nerve injuries Hematoma, arterial puncture, and thrombosis 4.5 Therapeutic bleeding 4.6 Medical assessment of apheresis donors General assessment Plateletpheresis donors Red cell loss Blood volume shifts Potential complications of serial donations Platelet depletion Leukapheresis donors Plasmapheresis donors Allogeneic donors for hematopoietic cell transplantation Physical examination of apheresis donors 4.7 Adverse reactions in apheresis donors General Vasovagal reactions Anticoagulation Citrate toxicity Circulatory effects Air embolus Hematoma Mechanical hemolysis Platelet depletion or damage Lymphocyte depletion Complications unique to granulocyte donation Complications unique to plasmapheresis Complications unique to mononuclear cell apheresis for collection of peripheral blood stem cells References 5 Preparation, Storage, and Characteristics of Whole Blood, Blood Components, and Plasma Derivatives 5.1 Whole blood preparation and storage 5.2 Preparation of blood components from whole blood Anticoagulant–preservative solutions Blood processing for the preparation of components Red blood cells Description of component Storage conditions and duration Frozen or deglycerolized red blood cells Description of component Washed red cells Leukocyte‐reduced red blood cells Definition of component History of leukodepletion Leukocyte depletion filters Fresh frozen plasma Description of component Storage conditions and duration 24‐Hour frozen plasma Thawing of plasma Liquid plasma (never frozen) Description of component 5.3 Cryoprecipitate Description of component Thawing 5.4 Platelet concentrates—whole blood Description of component Storage conditions and duration Leukodepletion of platelets 5.5 Granulocytes 5.6 Irradiation of blood components 5.7 Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells 5.8 Plasma derivatives General Coagulation factor concentrates Fibrinogen Immune serum globulins 5.9 Pathogen‐inactivated blood components Solvent–detergent plasma (Octaplas) Fresh frozen plasma Platelets Red cells 5.10 Universal red cells Enzymatic cleavage of ABO and Rh antigen Masking ABO antigens 5.11 Blood substitutes Potential clinical uses and impact of hemoglobin substitutes References 6 Production of Components by Apheresis Intermittent‐flow centrifugation Continuous‐flow centrifugation 6.1 Apheresis instruments Fresenius Kabi Amicus Separator Fresenius Kabi Alyx Terumo Trima Accel Haemonetics Instruments 6.2 Plateletpheresis Single‐donor platelet concentrates Function and storage of platelets obtained by apheresis 6.3 Erythrocytapheresis 6.4 Leukapheresis for the collection of granulocytes Hydroxyethyl starch in leukapheresis Stimulation of donors with corticosteroid or G‐CSF prior to leukapheresis Filtration leukapheresis Function of granulocytes obtained by leukapheresis Storage of granulocytes for transfusion Donor–recipient matching for granulocyte transfusion 6.5 Leukapheresis for the collection of mononuclear cells 6.6 Leukapheresis for the collection of peripheral blood stem cells Collection procedures Effects of peripheral blood stem cell collection on normal donors Characteristics of the peripheral blood stem cell concentrates Quality control of peripheral blood stem cell concentrates Storage of peripheral blood stem cells 6.7 Donor selection and complications of cytapheresis in normal donors 6.8 Plasmapheresis and source plasma References {buyButton}

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