Читать книгу Transfusion Medicine - Jeffrey McCullough - Страница 14

Interest in transfusion was revived during the early 1800s, primarily by James Blundell [8], a British obstetrician who believed it would be helpful in treating postpartum hemorrhage. Blundell carried out animal experiments and avoided the error of using animal blood because of the advice of a colleague, Dr. John Leacock. Blundell reported to the Medico‐Chirurgical Society of London on December 22, 1818, the first human‐to‐human transfusion. It is not clear whether the transfusions given by Blundell were ever successful clinically [1]. However, Blundell’s [8] contributions were very substantial. Unfortunately, his warnings about the dangers of transfusing animal blood into humans were not generally heeded.

Dr. Andrei Wolff carried out a human‐to‐human transfusion in St. Petersburgh, Russia, in 1832, having learned of blood transfusion from Dr. Blundell on a previous visit to London [9]. There is no evidence of additional transfusion in Russia until the 1920s, when a transfusion institute was established in Moscow.

Key work in understanding the problems of using animal blood for human transfusions was provided by Ponfick and Landois [1]. They observed residues of lysed erythrocytes in the autopsy serum of a patient who died following transfusion of animal blood. They also noted pulmonary and serosal hemorrhages, enlarged kidneys, congested hemorrhagic livers, and bloody urine caused by hemoglobinuria and not hematuria when sheep’s blood was transfused to dogs, cats, or rabbits. Landois observed that human red cells would lyse when mixed in vitro with the sera of other animals. Thus, evidence mounted that interspecies transfusion was likely to cause severe problems in the recipient.