Читать книгу Transfusion Medicine - Jeffrey McCullough - Страница 18

Major stimuli for developments in blood transfusion have come from wars. During World War I, sodium citrate was the only substance used as an anticoagulant. Early in the war, transfusions were vein to vein, but in 1917, Dr. Oswald Robertson of the U.S. Army Medical Corps devised a blood collection bottle and administration set similar to those used several decades later [1] and transfused several patients, some estimate hundreds of patients, with preserved blood [20].

Between World Wars I and II, there was increasing interest in developing methods to store blood in anticipation of rather than response to need. It has been suggested that the first “bank” where a stock of blood was maintained may have been in Leningrad in 1932 [1, 2]. A blood bank was established in Barcelona in 1936 because of the need for blood during the Spanish Civil War [21]. In the United States, credit for the establishment of the first blood bank for the storage of refrigerated blood for transfusion is usually given to Bernard Fantus at the Cook County Hospital in Chicago [22]. The blood was collected in sodium citrate and so it could be stored for only a few days. In England, blood donations were begun within days of the outbreak of WWII in 1939. The British established a Home Depot for collecting blood and shipped blood to Europe even during the Dunkirk campaign.