Читать книгу Transfusion Medicine - Jeffrey McCullough - Страница 67

The reasons for donating are summarized generally [4] as: (a) extrinsic rewards and incentives, (b) intrinsic rewards and incentives, (c) perceived community needs, (d) perceived community support, (e) social pressure, and (f) addiction to donation. The reasons for not donating include: (a) medical ineligibility, (b) fear, (c) reactions and deferral (poor experiences), and (d) inconvenience and time requirements. Oswalt [6], in reviewing 60 English‐language reports regarding motivation for blood donation, concluded that the following factors were motivations to donate: (a) altruism and humanitarianism, (b) personal or family credit, (c) social pressure, (d) replacement, and (e) reward. Reasons for not donating included: (a) fear, (b) medical excuses, (c) reactions, (d) apathy, and (e) inconvenience. Rados [24] also found that fear, inconvenience, and never being asked were the most common reasons given for not donating. In general, the issues described earlier have seemed to appear rather consistently in these and other studies [25] of donor motivation or nondonation. Because they have been consistent over time, most recruitment strategies attempt to take these factors into consideration. Most blood donors have a rationale way of thinking about blood donation, but some think and make decisions about blood donation based on emotional, personal, or stereotype manner in continuing to donate blood, and the convenience of donation is a stronger factor than helping others [26]. In general, donors give blood out of altruism and in response to a general appeal or a specific request.