Читать книгу Transfusion Medicine - Jeffrey McCullough - Страница 73

A variety of incentives, ranging from small trinkets, such as key chains, coffee mugs, or T‐shirts, to tickets to events to cash, have been offered to donors in hopes of motivating them to continue to donate. In almost every study worldwide, paying donors results in donors with a higher likelihood of transmitting disease [32, 36]. Thus, organizations such as the American Association of Blood Banks, the American Red Cross, the International Society for Blood Transfusion, the World Health Organization, and most countries that have a national blood policy stipulate that blood for transfusion be obtained from volunteer donors. The definition of volunteerism in blood donation is whether the incentive is transferable, refundable, or redeemable, or whether a market for it exists [37]. If none of these applies, it is presumed that the incentive could not be converted into cash.

In some very specific situations, it is possible to pay donors without increasing the risks for transmissible disease [38, 39], although this is not recommended. Blood testing for cholesterol, prostate‐specific antigen, or blood “credits” may be an incentive for many donors [40, 41], and incentives help to attract first‐time and younger donors. Some blood banks have used a blood “credit” system in which nondonors are charged a higher fee for the blood as an incentive to replace blood used. This practice is no longer used in the United States, but in many countries with an inadequate blood supply, versions of this practice are used [42]. A plurality of strategies that would include various incentives has been proposed [43].

There has been some evolution here in the past few years, as blood shortages have become more commonplace and the overall recruitment of donors has become more complicated and costly. Discussions have begun to consider paid donors again, particularly platelet donors.