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Traditionally carbohydrate foods, which provide the main fuel base for our bodies, are classified as simple or complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates such as sugars, some fruits, cakes and biscuits provide a quick increase in blood glucose levels whilst complex carbohydrates such as brown rice, porridge oats and wholegrains raise blood glucose at a slower rate and keep blood glucose levels more stable for longer. The rate at which our blood sugars change with eating different types of carbohydrates is called the glycaemic index (GI).

The concept of GI carbohydrates is fairly new and is particularly recommended for individuals who may be sensitive to swings in energy. The text below illustrates the GI of some common carbohydrate foods. Pure sugar receives a value of 100, and other sugary foods and starches are compared to that. Later in the chapter, to help you optimize your energy levels, we’ll look at when it is best to eat which GI carbohydrates.