Читать книгу The Invisible Woman - Joanne Belknap - Страница 82

Among both adolescents and adults, alcohol use is a male-gender-related behavior (Bègue & Roché, 2009; C. A. Green et al., 2001; Hussong, 2000; Kaufman, 2009; Luthar & D’Avanzo, 1999; D. E. Olson, Lurigio, & Seng, 2000; Van Gundy, Schieman, Kelley, & Rebellon, 2005), although among college students, women are more likely than men to binge drink (Ait-Daoud et al., 2019). Girls are more likely than boys to report their first experience with alcohol and their first experience with drugs as coinciding with the first time they had sex, while boys are more likely than girls to report they had sex before the first time they used alcohol or drugs (Li et al., 2001). Among youth, research indicates that African American girls and boys drink less alcohol than white youth (Bilchik, 1999; Luthar & D’Avanzo, 1999) and Latinx youth (Bilchick 1999). One of the few studies of women’s alcohol use during pregnancy found a strong relationship between risky drinking during pregnancy and marital separation, major financial difficulties, and serious arguments with family members (Esper & Furtado, 2019).