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cales

The ACTFL Oral Proficiency Guidelines were the first of their kind in 1982, and influenced other scales over time. ACTFL (2012) has a scale that starts with novice, intermediate, and then moves along to advanced and superior (for more information, see https://www.actfl.org/resources/actfl-proficiency-guidelines-2012). ACTFL is used by many world language educators. The scales in different language skills illuminate what the learners should be able to do at each level of proficiency (see Figure 1.1). For example, in speaking, a learner at the beginning level can use formulaic language to greet someone.

Figure 1.1 ACTFL Proficiency Scale. Used with permission from ACTFL.