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Symbols and abbreviations

Оглавление

Multiples and submultiples

Symbol Name Equivalent
E exa 1018
P peta 1015
T tera 1012
G giga 109
M mega 106
k kilo 103
h hecto 102
da deca 101
d deci 10−1
c centi 10−2
m milli 10−3
μ micro 10−6
n nano 10−9
p pico 10−12

Symbols and abbreviations

Symbol Description Units
[–] activity mol kg−1
(–) concentration (see Box 4.1) mol L−1 or mg L−1
A area m2
A radionuclide activity
AE actual evapotranspiration mm
ASR artificial storage and recovery
(aq) aqueous species
atm atmosphere (pressure)
B barometric efficiency
BOD biological oxygen demand mg L−1
Bq becquerel (unit of radioactivity; 1 Bq = 1 disintegration per second)
b aquifer thickness m
2b fracture aperture m
C Sediment loading efficiency
C shape factor for determining ki
C specific moisture capacity of a soil (m of water)−1
C, c concentration
°C degrees Celsius (temperature)
CEC cation exchange capacity meq (100 g)−1
CFC chlorofluorocarbon
Ci curie (older unit of radioactivity; 1 Ci = 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations per second)
COD chemical oxygen demand mg L−1
D hydraulic diffusivity m2 s−1
D hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient m2 s−1
D* molecular diffusion coefficient m2 s−1
DIC dissolved inorganic carbon mg L−1
DNAPL dense, non‐aqueous phase liquid
DOC dissolved organic carbon mg L−1
d mean pore diameter m
hydraulic gradient
E o standard electrode potential V
EC electrical conductivity S cm−1
Eh redox potential V
e void ratio
e‐ electron
eq chemical equivalent (see Box 4.1) eq L−1
F Faraday constant (9.65 × 104 C mol−1)
F Darcy–Weisbach friction factor
f c infiltration capacity cm h−1
f t infiltration rate cm h−1
f oc weight fraction organic carbon content
G Gibbs free energy kJ mol−1
g gravitational acceleration m s−2
g gram (mass)
(g) gas
H depth (head) of water measured at a flow gauging structure m
H enthalpy kJ mol−1
h hydraulic head m
I ionic strength mol L−1
i hydraulic gradient
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
IAP ion activity product moln L−n
J joule (energy, quantity of heat)
K equilibrium constant moln L−n
K (hydraulics) hydraulic conductivity m s−1
K (temperature) kelvin
K d partition or distribution coefficient mL g−1
K f fracture hydraulic conductivity m s−1
K H Henry’s law constant Pa m3 mol−1
K oc organic carbon‐water partition coefficient
K ow octanol‐water partition coefficient
K s selectivity coefficient
K sp solubility product moln L−n
k i intrinsic permeability m2
L litre (volume)
LNAPL light, non‐aqueous phase liquid
l length m
MNA monitored natural attenuation
m mass kg
mol amount of substance (see Box 4.1)
n an integer
n roughness coefficient (Manning’s n)
n porosity
n e effective porosity
P Peclet number
P precipitation amount mm
P pressure Pa (or N m−2)
P partial pressure atm or Pa
P A′ Po atmospheric pressure atm or Pa
Pa pascal (pressure)
P w porewater pressure Pa or m of water
PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
PDB Pee Dee Belemnite
PE potential evapotranspiration mm
p −log10
ppm parts per million
Q discharge m3 s−1
Q f fracture flow discharge m3 s−1
q specific discharge or darcy velocity m s−1
R hydraulic radius m
R (Rd) recharge (direct recharge) mm a−1
R universal gas constant (8.314 J mol−1 K−1)
RC root constant mm
R d retardation factor
R e Reynolds number
rem roentgen equivalent man (older unit of dose equivalent; 1 rem = 0.01 Sv)
S entropy J mol−1 K−1
S sorptivity of soil cm (min)−1/2
S storativity
S slope
S p specific retention
S s specific storage s−1
S sp specific surface area m−1
S y specific yield
SMD soil moisture deficit mm
STP standard temperature and pressure of gases (0 °C, 1 atmosphere pressure)
Sv sievert (unit of dose equivalent that accounts for the relative biological effects of different types of radiation; 1 Sv = 100 rem)
s groundwater level drawdown m
s solubility g (100 g)−1 solvent
T transmissivity m2 s−1
T absolute temperature K
TDS total dissolved solids mg L−1
TOC total organic carbon mg L−1
t time s
t 1/2 radionuclide half‐life s
V volume m3
V volt (electrical potential)
V s volume of solid material m3
VOC volatile organic compound
VSMOW Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water
v groundwater or river water velocity m s−1
average linear velocity (groundwater) m s−1
average linear contaminant velocity m s−1
average linear water velocity m s−1
WHO World Health Organization
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WMWL World Meteoric Water Line
W(u) well function
w width m
ZFP zero flux plane
z (hydraulics) elevation m
z (chemistry) electrical charge

Greek symbols

Symbol Description Units
α aquifer compressibility m2 N−1 (or Pa−1)
α aquifer dispersivity m
α isotope fractionation factor
β water compressibility m2 N−1 (or Pa−1)
γ (chemistry) activity coefficient kg mol−1
γ (hydraulics) specific weight N
δ stable isotope notation
δ partial negative charge
δ+ partial positive charge
θ volumetric moisture content
λ radionuclide decay constant s−1
μ viscosity N s m−2
μ/ρ kinematic viscosity m2 s−1
ρ fluid density kg m−3
ρ b bulk mass density kg m−3
ρ s particle mass density kg m−3
σ e effective stress Pa (or N m−2)
σ T total stress Pa (or N m−2)
T total competing cation concentration meq (100 g)−1
sum of
Φ fluid potential (=h) m
ψ fluid pressure m of water
ψ a air entry pressure m of water
Ω saturation index
Hydrogeology

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