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Laura E. Levine
Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence
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Страница 2
Страница 3
Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence
Страница 5
Child Development from Infancy to Adolescence
Страница 7
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Preface
Philosophical Approach
An Emphasis on Learning How to Learn
Critical Thinking Skills
A Focus on What Constitutes Evidence
Pedagogical Features
Challenging Misconceptions: Test Your Knowledge
Active Learning
Journey of Research
Learning Questions and Self-Testing Review
Graphics, Artwork, and Videos
Key Topics Neuroscience
Diversity and Culture
Developmental Psychopathology
What’s New in the Second Edition
Chapter 1. Issues and Themes in Child Development
Chapter 2. Theory and Research in Development
Chapter 3. Nature Through Nurture: Genes and Environment
Chapter 4. Prenatal Development, the Newborn, and the Transition to Parenthood
Chapter 5. Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Chapter 6. Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Chapter 7. Social and Emotional Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
Chapter 8. Physical Development in Early Childhood
Chapter 9. Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
Chapter 10. Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood
Chapter 11. Physical Development in Middle Childhood
Chapter 12. Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
Chapter 13. Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood
Chapter 14. Physical Development in Adolescence
Chapter 15. Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Chapter 16. Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence
Ancillaries Original Video
SAGE edge for Instructors
SAGE edge for Students
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
1 Issues and Themes in Child Development
Learning Questions
Why Study Childhood?
Understanding the Process of Development
Using Our Knowledge of Child Development
Parents and Family Members
Child Development Professionals
Policymakers
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Understanding How Development Happens
Ages and Stages
Domains of Development
Themes in the Field of Child Development
Nature and Nurture
Continuous Versus Discontinuous Development
Stability Versus Change
Individual Differences
The Role of the Child in Development
Positive Psychology
Integrating Themes and Issues
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Contexts of Development
Family
School
Community
Socioeconomic Status
Culture
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Being a Smart Consumer of Information About Development
Knowing Your Sources
Becoming a Critical Thinker
Guarding Against Generalizations
Avoiding Perceptual Bias
Getting the Most From Your Textbook
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Conclusion
1.1 Who needs to have a good understanding of child development and why?
1.2 What are the domains of child development and some recurring issues in the field?
1.3 What are the contexts for child development?
1.4 How can you be a smart consumer of information about development?
Key Terms
Descriptions of Images and Figures
2 Theory and Research in Development
Test Your Knowledge
Learning Questions
Why Theories of Development are Important
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Theories of Child and Adolescent Development
Psychoanalytic Theory
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
Modern Applications of Psychoanalytic Theory
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Learning Theories
John B. Watson and Classical Conditioning
Modern Applications of Classical Conditioning
B. F. Skinner and Operant Conditioning
Modern Applications of Operant Conditioning
Albert Bandura and Social Cognitive Theory
Modern Applications of Social Cognitive Theory
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Theories of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory
Modern Applications of Piaget’s Theory
Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
Modern Applications of Vygotsky’s Theory
Information Processing
Modern Applications of Information Processing
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Evolutionary Theory: Ethology
Modern Applications of Evolutionary Theory
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Ecological Theory
Modern Applications of Ecological Theory
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Dynamic Systems Theory
Modern Applications of Dynamic Systems Theory
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
The Impact of Biology and Culture on Child Development Theory and Research
Neuropsychology and Behavioral Genetics
Developmental Theory in a Cultural Context
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Comparison of Developmental Theories
Research Methods
The Scientific Method
Methods and Measures
Observations
Self-Report Measures
Standardized Tests
Physiological Measures
Archival Records
Case Studies
Ethnography
How Research Is Designed
Experimental Designs
Natural or “Quasi” Experiments
Correlational Designs
Developmental Research Designs
Interpreting and Using the Results of a Study
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Ethics in Research With Children and Adolescents
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Conclusion
2.1 What do child development theories tell us?
2.2 What are the hypotheses and modern applications of the major child development theories?
2.3 What role do neuropsychology, genetics, and culture play in the study of child development?
2.4 How is research on child development conducted?
2.5 What are ethical considerations in research with children and adolescents?
Key Terms
Descriptions of Images and Figures
3 Nature Through Nurture: Genes and Environment
Test Your Knowledge
Learning Questions
The Study of Genes and Behavior
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Molecular Genetics: Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA
Mendelian Inheritance: Dominant and Recessive Genes
One Behavior, Many Genes; One Gene, Many Effects
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Genetic Disorders
Single-Gene Disorders
Chromosome Disorders
Multifactorial Inheritance Disorders
Genetic Counseling and Testing
Ethical Considerations in Genetic Testing
Treatment of Genetic Disorders
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Behavioral Genetics
Studies of Adopted Children
Studies Comparing Identical and Fraternal Twins
Studies of Identical Twins Reared Apart
Personality Characteristics and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
The Interaction of Genes and Environment
How the Environment Shapes Gene Expression
Canalization
Behavioral Epigenetics
Complexities in the Study of Gene-Environment Interaction
How Genes Shape the Environment
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Conclusion
3.1 How has the study of genetic inheritance changed in the last century?
3.2 How do genes and chromosomes function?
3.3 How do genetic disorders develop, and what role do genetic testing and counseling play in identifying, preventing, and treating these disorders?
3.4 How do researchers study the relationship between genetic inheritance and individual traits and behavior?
3.5 How do genes and the environment interact?
Key Terms
Descriptions of Images and Figures
4 Prenatal Development, the Newborn, and the Transition to Parenthood
Test Your Knowledge
Learning Questions
The Three Stages of Prenatal Development
The Germinal Stage (Conception to 2 Weeks)
The Embryonic Stage (2 Weeks to 2 Months)
The Fetal Stage (2 Months to Birth)
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Health and Risks in Pregnancy
Three Trimesters of Pregnancy
Miscarriage
Maternal Health and Well-Being
Maternal Diet
Exercise
Teratogens
Alcohol
Tobacco
Prescription and Over-the-Counter Drugs
Illegal Drugs
Diseases
Maternal Stress
Environmental Pollutants
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
The Birth Experience
Labor and Delivery
Birthing Options
The Baby’s Birth Experience
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
The Newborn
Newborn Capabilities
Infant States
Risks to the Newborn’s Health and Well-Being
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
The Transition to Parenthood
Becoming a Mother
Becoming a Father
Becoming a Family
Check Your Understanding Knowledge Questions
Critical Thinking
Conclusion
4.1 What happens during the three stages of prenatal development?
4.2 What are some risks and health issues during pregnancy?
4.3 What happens during the process of labor and delivery?
4.4 How do newborns function, and what threatens their well-being?
4.5 How do people experience the transition to parenthood?
Key Terms
Descriptions of Images and Figures
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