Читать книгу Canine and Feline Epilepsy - Luisa De Risio - Страница 263

Haematological and biochemical findings are nonspecific and include absolute lymphopaenia, hypoalbuminaemia and hyperglobulinaemia during the acute phase of illness. CSF analysis may reveal mononuclear pleocytosis (>5 WBC/μl) and elevated protein concentration (>25 mg/dl). Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions may be found in CSF or peripheral blood cells although their detection is rare. CSF can be normal in dogs with acute noninflammatory demyelinating encephalomyelitis. A CDV-specific antibody ratio (CDV-specific IgG in CSF/CDV specific IgG in serum) higher than canine adeno- or parvovirus-specific antibody ratio (IgG in CSF/IgG in serum) can help to identify intrathecal production of CDV-specific IgG (see antigen-specific antibody index, Chapter 10). MRI of the brain may be normal or may reveal lesions that are hyperintense on T2WI, isointense or hypoin-tense on T1WI with inconsistent contrast enhancement, and loss of cortical grey/white matter demarcation. The lesion distribution varies depending on the stage of CDV encephalitis (Bathen-Noethen et al., 2008; Griffin et al., 2009).

The diagnosis of CD can be achieved by molecular assays, such as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR on blood, CSF, urine, conjunctival swabs or tissue specimens (Elia et al., 2006; Saito et al., 2006), as well as detection of viral antigen by direct fluorescent antibody assay (dFA) (on neural tissue, cerebrospinal fluid cells (infected lymphocytes), footpad biopsy, or other tissues) or by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on biopsy specimens (e.g. nasal mucosa, foot pad, haired skin of the dorsal neck) or post-mortem.