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Marja-Liisa Siikonen
People Flow in Buildings
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Страница 7
Страница 8
Страница 9
Страница 10
Scope of the Book
Страница 12
1 Building Design Population
1.1 Office Building Population
Example 1.1 Consider an office building with 14 floors and
NIA
of 400 m
2
. Define the design population, U, when workplace area per person is 8 m
2
/person. Utilization factor is 0.8, and NIA is 90% of GIA. How big is floor GIA?
Example 1.2
How many inhabitants can be estimated to fit a standard residential building with 10 floors from the floor layout of
Figure 1.3
, according to the ISO‐method shown in
Table 1.1
, and the rule of thumb.
1.2 Number of Inhabitants in Residential Buildings
1.3 Number of Hotel Guests
1.4 People Arriving from Parking Areas
1.5 Population in Hospitals
1.6 Other Types of Populated Buildings
2 People Counting Methods
2.1 Counting Technology Inside and Outside Buildings
2.2 Passenger Traffic Components
2.3 Manual People‐counting
2.4 Use of Optical Vision
2.5 Visitor‐counting with Photocell Signals and Infra‐red Beams
2.6 People‐counting with Access Control System
2.7 Passenger‐counting by Load‐weighing Device
2.8 Elevator Monitoring Systems
2.9 External Traffic Measurement Devices
2.10 Smart Sensing and Mobile Computing
Example 2.1
Figure 2.6
shows the elevator load during an elevator stop. Let us assume car arrival load is 90 kg, minimum load is 10 kg, and departure load 75 kg. How many passenger transfers,
P
, during a stop are counted when using the three above mentioned, load‐based passenger counting methods.
3 Passenger Arrival Process in Buildings 3.1 Introduction
3.2 Poisson Arrival Process 3.2.1 Probability Density Function
3.2.2 Example of Passenger Arrivals Through Security Cages
3.3 Passenger Arrivals in Batches 3.3.1 Batch Arrivals in Elevator Lobbies
3.3.2 Batch Arrivals in Escalators
3.3.3 Observed Batch Sizes in Several Building Types
3.3.4 Batch Size Variation in Elevator Lobbies During the Day
3.3.5 Modelling of Batch Size Distribution
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