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People flow is the force that keeps transportation devices moving in buildings. Just one person is able to get an elevator or an escalator moving. The reason for dispatching elevators to some floor or start escalators is to transport the arriving passengers. Runs without passenger load should be minimized to save energy. The intensity and type of people flow in the building affect the wear of the transportation device component and the passenger service level fluctuations. In this context, traffic related to transportation devices or vehicles is referred to as passenger traffic, and all pedestrian traffic inside and outside a building as people flow.

Buildings can be classified to mass transit stations without permanent occupancy and occupied buildings. In the non‐occupied buildings, such as shopping centers or transit stations, people just move through the spaces without permanent stay. The design is based on the estimated people flow. In train stations and airports people arrive in pulses, whereas in retail and shopping centres popular times of the day can be detected. In the mass transit stations most of the traffic is handled by escalators. The transportation devices are in use most time of the day, causing a high number of starts per day. People flow estimations can be based on train, bus or airplane schedules and capacities, or in shopping centres e.g. on the cash flow, or on characteristic traffic profiles as explained in Section 4.11. In the following, the methods how to measure passenger traffic in occupied buildings is shortly described.