Читать книгу People Flow in Buildings - Marja-Liisa Siikonen - Страница 31

Vertical passenger movements inside buildings can be followed by modern mobile phones, or counted automatically with APC devices. If the APC sensors are placed on every floor, the number of sensors can become vast. The number of devices can be decreased if the APCs are placed inside the cars. In addition to recognizing the entering and exiting passengers, additional sensors should be placed in the car to detect elevator motion synchronously with the APC data. Even the vertical floor position can be determined with sophisticated methods. External devices with cameras can be used inside elevator cabins to count the number of people entering and exiting the elevators (De Coi et al. 2005 ). Figure 2.8 shows the elevator performance analyzer (EPA) which is used in people counting (Batey and Kontturi 2016 ).

Figure 2.8 Elevator performance analyzer setup in an elevator

(Source: Batey and Kontturi (2016 ). © 2016, The International Association of Elevator Engineers).

Elevator site survey requires a more demanding installation in the machine room of an existing system. Elevator site surveys were used already with relay systems where signals were detected through an interface attached to the elevator control board (Lustig 1986 ). Elevator door‐to‐door time is an important measure for modernization studies. It can be measures simply by stop watch (Kaakinen and Roschier 1991 ). Modern digital logging devices for elevator trips can use accelerometers inside a cabin which analyze elevator kinematics from elevator movements, and estimate people flow from the number of elevator starts (Peters and Peters 2019 ). Depending on the measured signals, site survey can reveal e.g. number of passengers from photocell cuts and call status, or elevator system parameters such as masses, frictions and hoist way efficiencies (Tyni et al. 2017 ).