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In hospitals, the maximum number of patients relates to the number of beds in each floor. Staff taking care of the patients consists of doctors, nurses, people providing cleaning, food transportation and other services. In estimating the number of personnel, a typical assumption is three persons per bed space. The number of visitors depends on the location and the type of the hospital as well as the local culture. Figures ranging from one to three visitors per bed have been used, see Table 1.4. The visiting hours can be continuous, or concentrate on certain hours during a day, or days of the week, which affects to the maximum number of visitors during the visiting hours. According to Section 4.10.2, the measured peak traffic has been 18% of the occupancy in five minutes. Usually similar arrival rates for hospital visitors as for office traffic, i.e. 12–25% of population in five minutes, are assumed.

Table 1.4 Typical occupancy factors in hospitals.