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The risk assessment process for a study object was outlined in Chapter 3 without clarifying how the term “study object” should be understood. This chapter explains how we interpret the term “study object,” and defines and discusses a number of additional terms that are used to describe, delimit, and classify the study object.

All the study objects in this book are systems that meet the requirements of the Newtonian–Cartesian world view, which is described briefly at the end of the chapter. Some general aspects related to modeling and analysis of the study object are introduced and discussed briefly. The chapter supplements several steps of the risk assessment process in Chapter 3.