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The precautionary principle differs from the other approaches described in this chapter. Common for these approaches is that they are risk‐based, which means that risk management is to rely on the numerical assessment of probabilities and potential harms (Klinke and Renn 2002). The precautionary principle is, in contrast, a precaution‐based strategy for handling uncertain or highly vulnerable situations. The precaution‐based approach does not provide any quantitative criterion to which the assessed risk level can be compared. Risk acceptability is instead a matter of proportionality between the severity of potential consequences and the measures that are taken in precaution.

The original definition of the precautionary principle is given in principle 15 of the UN declaration from Rio in 1992 (UN 1992):