Читать книгу Disaster Education, Communication and Engagement - Neil Dufty - Страница 11

Communication is the act of transferring information from one place to another. It can denote two different processes:

 the transmission of information (a one-way process)

 sharing information (a common or mutual process).

In disaster management, the transmission model (one-way process) is primarily used where there is information disseminated by emergency agencies for alerts and warnings. In contrast, the idea of sharing information implies a common or mutual process. The use of social media as an emergency communication tool inherently involves two-way information sharing.

Disaster communication can be categorised according to the length of the communication period. ‘Acute’ communication occurs during emergencies where there is a need for rapid dissemination of lifeline information. On the other hand, ‘long-term’ communication occurs over an extended period prior to and after emergency events or disasters, e.g. disaster risk reduction, post-disaster reconstruction.

However, according to Steelman and McCaffrey (2013), the two fields that best inform communication thinking for a hazard are risk communication and crisis communication.