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Installing Windows 10 can be relatively simple because of the installation wizard. The installation wizard will walk you through the entire installation of the operating system.

The most difficult part of installing Windows 10 is preparing and planning for the installation. One thing I often say to IT professionals is, “An hour of planning will save you days of work.” Planning a Windows 10 rollout is one of the hardest and most important tasks that you will perform when installing Windows 10.

There are many decisions that should be made before you install Windows 10. The first decision is which version of Windows 10 you want to install. As mentioned previously, Microsoft has six different versions of the Windows 10 operating system. This allows an administrator to custom-fit a user’s hardware and job function to the appropriate version of Windows 10. Many times, Microsoft releases multiple editions of the operating system contained within the same Windows 10 media disk. You can choose to unlock the one you want based on the product key you have. Let’s take a closer look at the different versions of Windows 10.

In this book, we will not talk much about Windows 10 Education. Windows 10 Education is the counterpart to Windows 10 Enterprise, but it is a volume-licensed version of Windows 10 that is specifically priced for educational institutions. Educational institutions receive the same Enterprise functionality, but they pay much less than a corporation.

Windows 10 Home

Windows 10 Home is the main operating system for home users. Windows 10 Home offers many features, including these:

■ Broad application and device compatibility with unlimited concurrent applications

■ A safe, reliable, and supported operating system

■ Microsoft Passport

■ HomeGroup, which allows a user to easily share media, documents, and printers across multiple PCs in homes or offices without the need of a domain

■ Improved Taskbar and Jump Lists (Jump Lists is a feature in Windows 10 that allows you to quickly access files that you have been working on.)

■ Live thumbnail previews and an enhanced visual experience

■ Advanced networking support (ad hoc wireless networks and Internet connection sharing)

■ View Available Networks (VAN) (Windows 10 by default has the ability, when you use a wireless network adapter, to choose the wireless network that you want to connect to by using the wireless network adapter properties.)

■ Device Encryption

■ Easy networking and sharing across all your PCs and devices

■ Windows Update

■ Multitouch

■ Improved handwriting recognition

Windows 10 Professional

Windows 10 Professional is designed for small-business owners. Microsoft designed Windows 10 Professional for users to get more done and safeguard their data. Professional offers the following features:

■ Broad application and device compatibility with unlimited concurrent applications

■ A safe, reliable, and supported operating system

■ Microsoft Passport

■ Domain Join

■ Improved Taskbar and Jump Lists

■ Enterprise Mode Internet Explorer (EMIE)

■ Advanced networking support (ad hoc wireless networks and Internet connection sharing)

■ View Available Networks (VAN) (Windows 10 by default has the ability, when you use a wireless network adapter, to choose the wireless network that you want to connect to by using the wireless network adapter properties.)

■ Mobility Center

■ Action Center, which makes it easier to resolve many IT issues yourself

■ Easy networking and sharing across all your PCs and devices

■ Group Policy Management

■ Windows Update and Windows Update for Business

■ Multitouch

■ Improved handwriting recognition

■ Domain Join, which enables simple and secure server networking

■ BitLocker, which protects data on removable devices

■ Device Encryption

■ Encrypting File System, which protects data

■ Client Hyper-V

■ Location Aware Printing, which helps find the right printer when moving between the office and home

■ Start menu that includes Live Tiles

Windows 10 Enterprise

Windows 10 Enterprise is the version designed for midsize and large organizations. This operating system has the most features and security options of all Windows 10 versions. Here are some of the features:

■ Broad application and device compatibility with unlimited concurrent applications

■ A safe, reliable, and supported operating system

■ Microsoft Passport

■ Enterprise Mode Internet Explorer (EMIE)

■ Group Policy Management

■ Windows Update and Windows Update for Business

■ Advanced networking support (ad hoc wireless networks and Internet connection sharing)

■ View Available Networks (VAN) (Windows 10 by default has the ability, when you use a wireless network adapter, to choose the wireless network that you want to connect to by using the wireless network adapter properties.)

■ Mobility Center

■ Easy networking and sharing across all your PCs and devices

■ Multitouch

■ Start menu that includes Live Tiles

■ Improved handwriting recognition

■ Domain Join, which enables simple and secure server networking

■ Device Encryption

■ Encrypting File System, which protects data

■ Location Aware Printing, which helps find the right printer when you are moving between the office and home

■ Client Hyper-V

■ Credential Guard

■ Device Guard

■ BitLocker, which protects data on removable devices

■ DirectAccess, which links users to corporate resources from the road without a virtual private network (VPN)

■ BranchCache, which makes it faster to open files and web pages from a branch office

■ AppLocker, which restricts unauthorized software and also enables greater security hardware requirements

Before you can install the operating system, you must make sure the machine’s hardware can handle the Windows 10 operating system.

To install Windows 10 successfully, your system must meet or exceed certain hardware requirements. Table 1.3 lists the minimum requirements for a Windows 10–capable PC.

TABLE 1.3 Hardware requirements

The hardware requirements listed in Table 1.3 are those specified at the time this book was written. Always check the Microsoft website for the most current information.

The Windows 10–capable PC must meet or exceed the basic requirements to deliver the core functionality of the Windows 10 operating system. These requirements are based on the assumption that you are installing only the operating system, without any premium functionality. For example, you may be able to get by with the minimum requirements if you are installing the operating system just to learn the basics of the software. Remember, the better the hardware, the better the performance.

Deciding on Minimum Hardware Requirements

The company you work for has decided that everyone will have their own laptop running Windows 10. You need to decide on the new computers’ specifications for processor, memory, and disk space.

The first step is to determine which applications will be used. Typically, most users will work with an email program, a word processor, a spreadsheet application, presentation software, and maybe a drawing or graphics program. Additionally, an antivirus application will probably be used. Under these demands, a 1 GHz Celeron processor and 1 GB of RAM will make for a very slow-running machine. So for this usage, you can assume that the minimum baseline configuration would be higher than a 1 GHz processor with at least 2 GB of RAM.

Based on your choice of baseline configuration, you should then fit a test computer with the applications that will be used on it and test the configuration in a lab environment simulating normal use. This will give you an idea of whether the RAM and processor calculations you have made for your environment are going to provide a suitable response.

Today’s disk drives have become capable of much larger capacity while dropping drastically in price. So for disk space, the rule of thumb is to buy whatever is the current standard. At the time this book was written, 500 GB drives were commonplace, which is sufficient for most users. If users plan to store substantial graphics or video files, you may need to consider buying larger-than-standard drives.

Also consider what the business requirements will be over the next 12 to 18 months. If you will be implementing applications that are memory or processor intensive, you may want to spec out the computers with hardware sufficient to support upcoming needs to avoid costly upgrades in the near future.

The requirements for the graphics card depend on the resolution at which you want to run. The required amount of memory is as follows:

■ 64 MB is required for a single monitor at a resolution of 1,310,720 pixels or less, which is equivalent to a 1280×1024 resolution.

■ 128 MB is required for a single monitor at a resolution of 2,304,000 pixels or less, which is equivalent to a 1920×1200 resolution.

■ 256 MB is required for a single monitor at a resolution larger than 2,304,000 pixels.

Measurement Used for Disk Space and Memory

Hard disks are commonly rated by capacity. The following measurements are used for disk space and memory capacity:

■ 1 MB (megabyte) = 1,024 KB (kilobytes)

■ 1 GB (gigabyte) = 1,024 MB

■ 1 TB (terabyte) = 1,024 GB

■ 1 PB (petabyte) = 1,024 TB

■ 1 EB (exabyte) = 1,024 PB

If you are not sure if your machine meets the minimum requirements, Microsoft includes some tools that can help you determine if a machine is Windows 10 compatible, which we will look at in the following sections.

The Hardware Compatibility List

Along with meeting the minimum requirements, whenever possible your hardware should appear on the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL). The HCL is an extensive list of computers and peripheral hardware that have been tested with the Windows 10 operating system. To determine if your computer and peripherals are on the HCL, check the most up-to-date list at https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/ dn922588(v=vs.85).aspx.

The Windows 10 operating system requires control of the hardware for stability, efficiency, and security. The hardware and supported drivers on the HCL have been put through rigorous tests to ensure their compatibility with Windows 10. Microsoft guarantees that the items on the list meet the requirements for Windows 10 and do not have any incompatibilities that could affect the stability of the operating system.

If you call Microsoft for support, the first thing a Microsoft support engineer will ask about is your configuration. If you have any hardware that is not on the HCL, you may not be able to get support from Microsoft.

BIOS Compatibility

Before you install Windows 10, you should verify that your computer has the most current BIOS. This is especially important if your current BIOS does not include support for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) functionality. ACPI functionality is required for Windows 10 to function properly. Check the computer vendor’s website for the latest BIOS version information.

Driver Requirements

To successfully install Windows 10, you must have the critical device drivers for your computer, such as the hard drive device driver. The Windows 10 media come with an extensive list of drivers. If your computer’s device drivers are not on the Windows 10 installation media, you should check the device manufacturer’s website.

New Install or Upgrade?

Once you’ve determined that your hardware meets the minimum requirements, you need to decide whether you want to do an upgrade or a clean install. An upgrade allows you to retain your existing operating system’s applications, settings, and files. If you currently have a computer with Windows Vista, you are eligible to use an upgrade copy of Windows 10.

The bad news is that if you are moving from Windows Vista, Windows XP, or earlier versions of Windows to Windows 10, you must perform a clean install. (You can, however, use a third-party tool like the Laplink utility to migrate files and settings from Windows XP to Windows 10 on the same computer.)

You can perform an upgrade to Windows 10 if the following conditions are true:

■ You are running Windows 7 or Windows 8.

■ You want to keep your existing applications and preferences.

■ You want to preserve any local users and groups you’ve created.

You must perform a clean install of Windows 10 if any of the following conditions are true:

■ There is no operating system currently installed.

■ You have an operating system installed that does not support an in-place upgrade to Windows 10 (such as DOS, Windows 9x, Windows NT, Windows Me, Windows 2000 Professional, Windows Vista, or Windows XP).

■ You want to start from scratch, without keeping any existing preferences.

■ You want to be able to dual-boot between Windows 10 and your previous operating system.

Table 1.4 shows each operating system that can be upgraded and the minimum edition of Windows 10 to which it should be upgraded.

TABLE 1.4 Windows 7 and Windows 8 upgrade options

Upgrade Considerations

Almost all Windows 7 and Windows 8 applications should run with the Windows 10 operating system. However, possible exceptions to this statement include the following:

■ Applications that use file-system filters, such as antivirus software, may not be compatible.

■ Custom power-management tools may not be supported.

Before upgrading to Windows 10, be sure to stop any antivirus scanners, network services, or other client software. These software packages may see the Windows 10 install as a virus and cause installation issues.

If you are performing a clean install to the same partition as an existing version of Windows, the contents of the existing Users (or Documents and Settings), Program Files, and Windows directories will be placed in a directory named Windows.old, and the old operating system will no longer be available.

Hardware Compatibility Issues

You need to ensure that you have Windows 10 device drivers for your hardware. If you have a video driver without a Windows 10–compatible driver, the Windows 10 upgrade will install the Standard VGA driver, which will display the video with an 800×600 resolution. Once you get the Windows 10 driver for your video, you can install it and adjust video properties accordingly.

Application Compatibility Issues

Not all applications that were written for earlier versions of Windows will work with Windows 10. After the upgrade, if you have application problems, you can address the problems in any of the following ways:

■ If the application is compatible with Windows 10, reinstall the application after the upgrade is complete.

■ If the application uses dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) and there are migration DLLs for the application, apply the migration DLLs.

■ Use the Microsoft Application Compatibility Toolkit (ACT) to determine the compatibility of your current applications with Windows 10. ACT will determine which applications are installed, identify any applications that may be affected by Windows updates, and identify any potential compatibility problems with User Account Control and Internet Explorer. Reports can be exported for detailed analysis.

■ If applications were written for earlier versions of Windows but are incompatible with Windows 10, use the Windows 10 Program Compatibility Wizard. From the Control Panel, click the Programs icon, and then click the Run Programs From Previous Versions link to start the Program Compatibility Wizard. If the application is not compatible with Windows 10, upgrade your application to a Windows 10–compliant version.

An Upgrade Checklist

Once you have made the decision to upgrade, you should develop a plan of attack. The following upgrade checklist (valid for upgrading from Windows 7 or Windows 8) will help you plan and implement a successful upgrade strategy:

■ Verify that your computer meets the minimum hardware requirements for Windows 10.

■ Be sure your hardware is on the HCL.

■ Make sure you have the Windows 10 drivers for the hardware. You can verify this with the hardware manufacturer.

■ To audit the current configuration and status of your computer, run the Get Windows 10 App tool from the Microsoft website, which also includes documentation on using the utility. It will generate a report of any known hardware or software compatibility issues based on your configuration. You should resolve any reported issues before you upgrade to Windows 10.

■ Make sure your BIOS is current. Windows 10 requires that your computer has the most current BIOS. If it does not, it may not be able to use advanced power-management features or device-configuration features. In addition, your computer may cease to function during or after the upgrade. Use caution when performing BIOS updates because installing the incorrect BIOS can cause your computer to fail to boot.

■ Take an inventory of your current configuration. This inventory should include documentation of your current network configuration, the applications that are installed, the hardware items and their configuration, the services that are running, and any profile and policy settings.

■ Back up your data and configuration files. Before you make any major changes to your computer’s configuration, you should back up your data and configuration files and then verify that you can successfully restore your backup. Chances are, if you have a valid backup, you won’t have any problems. Likewise, if you don’t have a valid backup, you will likely have problems.

■ Delete any unnecessary files or applications, and clean up any program groups or program items you don’t use. Theoretically, you want to delete all the junk on your computer before you upgrade. Think of this as the spring-cleaning step.

■ Verify that there are no existing problems with your hard drive prior to the upgrade. Perform a disk scan, a current virus scan, and defragmentation. These too are spring-cleaning chores. This step just prepares your hard drive for the upgrade.

■ Perform the upgrade. In this step, you upgrade from the Windows 7 or Windows 8 operating system to Windows 10.

■ Verify your configuration. After Windows 10 has been installed, use the inventory to compare and test each element that was inventoried prior to the upgrade to verify that the upgrade was successful.

Handling an Upgrade Failure

Before you upgrade, you should have a contingency plan in place. Your plan should assume the worst-case scenario. For example, what happens if you upgrade and the computer doesn’t work anymore? It is possible that, after checking your upgrade list and verifying that everything should work, your attempt at the actual upgrade may not work. If this happens, you may want to return your computer to the original, working configuration.

Indeed, I have made these plans, created my backups (two, just in case), verified them, and then had a failed upgrade anyway – only to discover that I had no clue where to find the original operating system CD. A day later, with the missing CD located, I was able to get up and running again. My problem was an older BIOS, and the manufacturer of my computer did not have an updated BIOS.

Disk Partitioning

Disk partitioning is the act of taking the physical hard drive and creating logical partitions. A logical drive is how space is allocated to the drive’s primary and logical partitions. For example, if you have a 500 GB hard drive, you might partition it into three logical drives:

■ C: drive, which might be 200 GB

■ D: drive, which might be 150 GB

■ E: drive, which might be 150 GB

The following sections detail some of the major considerations for disk partitioning:

Partition Size One important consideration in your disk-partitioning scheme is determining the partition size. You need to consider the amount of space taken up by your operating system, the applications that will be installed, and the amount of stored data. It is also important to consider the amount of space required in the future.

Microsoft recommends that you allocate at least 16 GB of disk space for Windows 10. This allows room for the operating system files and for future growth in terms of upgrades and installation files that are placed with the operating system files.

The System and Boot Partitions When you install Windows 10, files will be stored in two locations: the system partition and the boot partition. The system partition and the boot partition can be the same partition.

The system partition contains the files needed to boot the Windows 10 operating system. The system partition contains the Master Boot Record (MBR) and boot sector of the active drive partition. It is often the first physical hard drive in the computer and normally contains the necessary files to boot the computer. The files stored on the system partition do not take any significant disk space. The active partition is the system partition that is used to start your computer. The C: drive is usually the active partition.

The boot partition contains the Windows 10 operating system files. By default, the Windows operating system files are located in a folder named Windows.

Disk Partition Configuration Utilities If you are partitioning your disk prior to installation, you can use several utilities, such as the DOS or Windows FDISK program, or a third-party utility, such as Norton’s Partition Magic. You can also configure the disks during the installation of the Windows 10 operating system.

You might want to create only the first partition where Windows 10 will be installed. You can then use the Disk Management utility in Windows 10 to create any other partitions you need. The Windows 10 Disk Management utility is covered in Chapter 3, “Configuring Devices and Drivers.”

Language and Locale

Language and locale settings determine the language the computer will use. Windows 10 supports many languages for the operating system interface and utilities.

Locale settings are for configuring the format for items such as numbers, currencies, times, and dates. For example, English for the United States specifies a short date as mm/dd/yyyy (month/day/year), while English for South Africa specifies a short date as yyyy/mm/dd (year/month/day).

It is very important to only choose the locales that this machine will need to use. The reason for this is that for every locale you choose, your system will get updates for all chosen locales that you set up.