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FOREWORD

Over 70 years ago, in 1949, under the direction of Professor Jean Ribéreau‐Gayon, the first edition of Traité d’oenologie (Handbook of Enology) appeared. That publication aimed to gather scientific and technical knowledge in the main fields of a science still in its early stages, originating from the works of Louis Pasteur. Later on, the book was regularly republished by integrating the most recent experimental results, especially those conducted at the Bordeaux School of Enology. In 1997, the fourth edition, published under the direction of Professor Pascal Ribéreau‐Gayon and Professors Denis Dubourdieu, Yves Glories, Aline A. Lonvaud, Bernard B. Donèche, and Alain Maujean, was completely reshaped into two volumes.

The current book, which is the seventh French edition (third in English) of the Handbook of Enology, updates and enriches the knowledge found in the two‐volume edition that first appeared 20 years ago. Subsequent editions were printed in 2004 and then in 2012. As Émile Peynaud said in Le Vin et les Jours, “…enology is at the service of wine, it is a science in movement, advancing both in its research and applications…” As an applied science, it is irrigated by knowledge from the fundamental sciences (chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, bioengineering, psychophysics, cognitive psychology, etc.) and nourished by empirical observations. The approach used in the Handbook of Enology is thus still the same. It is about providing practitioners, winemakers, technicians, and enology students with solid knowledge and the most recent research results. This knowledge can be used to contribute to a better definition of the quality of grapes and wine, a greater understanding of chemical and microbiological parameters, with the aim of ensuring satisfactory fermentations and predicting the evolution of wines, and better mastery of wine stabilization processes. As a result, the purpose of this publication is to guide readers in their thought processes with a view to preserving and optimizing the identity and taste of wine and its aging potential. In other words, this publication was meant, as the late Professor Denis Dubourdieu wrote, to help “…obtain original products that are sufficiently complex, fine, and appreciated by modern consumers…,” in a context where grape ripeness characteristics are evolving and greater attention is being placed on chemical additives.

The outline of this edition of the Handbook of Enology does not differ from the previous ones. Some of the chapters have been significantly reworked in light of recent research, while others have been changed only slightly or not at all. This is a collective work; it is the fruit of efforts by the researchers and professors of the Enology Research Unit at the Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), who provided their expertise to update this Volume 1:

 Patricia Ballestra, Associate Professor, IUT Périgueux, Université de Bordeaux, researcher in the Enology Research Unit, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux (Volume 1, Chapter 5), regarding spoilage microorganisms related to mousiness.

 Philippe Darriet, Director of the Enology Research Unit, Université de Bordeaux (Volume 1, Chapters 10 and 13), regarding the biochemistry of aromas during grape ripening and overripening in the presence of Botrytis cinerea, special winemaking types.

 Marguerite Dols‐Laffargue, Professor, ENSCBP, researcher in the Enology Research Unit, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux (Volume 1, Chapter 5), regarding sugar metabolism in lactic acid bacteria.

 Laurence Geny, Professor, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, researcher in the Enology Research Unit (Volume 1, Chapter 10), regarding the biochemistry of grapes and their maturation.

 Aline A. Lonvaud, Professor Emeritus, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, researcher in the Enology Research Unit (Volume 1, Chapters 1, 4–7), regarding the microbiology of yeasts and bacteria in wine.

 Patrick Lucas, Professor, ISVV, Deputy Director of the Enology Research Unit, Université de Bordeaux, researcher in the Enology Research Unit (Volume 1, Chapter 4), regarding the microbiology of bacteria in wine.

 Axel Marchal, Professor, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, researcher in the Enology Research Unit (Volume 1, Chapter 12), regarding red winemaking and the evolution of sensory aspects during the aging of wines.

 Isabelle Masneuf‐Pomarede, Professor, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, researcher in the Enology Research Unit, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux (Volume 1, Chapter 1), regarding yeast cytology, ecology, and taxonomy.

 Cécile Thibon, research engineer, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, researcher in the Enology Research Unit, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux (Volume 1, Chapter 10), regarding the biochemistry of aromas during grape ripening and overripening in the presence of B. cinerea, varietal aromas.

The following persons also participated in writing the sixth French edition of Volume 1:

 Marina Bely, Associate Professor HDR, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, researcher in the Enology Research Unit (Volume 1, Chapters 1–3), regarding the microbiology of yeasts.

 Bernard B. Donèche, Professor, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, former director of the training department at ISVCV (Volume 1, Chapter 10), regarding the biochemistry of grapes and their maturation.

 Pierre‐Louis Teissedre, Professor, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux (Volume 1, Chapters 8, 9, and 12), regarding sulfur dioxide and complementary products, red winemaking.