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The iPad keyboard contains several keys that don’t type a character. Here’s the scoop on each of these keys:

 Caps Lock (iPad Pro only): If you’re using the alphabetical keyboard, press Caps Lock to lock the uppercase letters. This enables you to type a long stretch of uppercase without having to constantly press the Shift key (discussed next).

 Shift: If you’re using the alphabetical keyboard, the Shift key switches between uppercase and lowercase letters. You can tap the key to change the case or hold down Shift and slide to the letter you want to be capitalized. If you want to type a run of uppercase characters, double-tap Shift to enable Caps Lock; when you’re done, tap Shift to disable Caps Lock.

  Keyboard: Tap the key with the keyboard graphic to hide the keyboard. Alternatively, long-press the keyboard key and then tap Floating to shrink your keyboard to a smaller version that you can then drag. Tap and drag the gray bar at the bottom of the floating keyboard to drag it where you want it; if you drag to the bottom of the screen, you dock the keyboard and expand it to its full size.

 .?123: Tap this key to switch to a keyboard that shows only numbers and symbols. The traditional Shift key is replaced with a key labeled #+=. Pressing that key displays a keyboard with more symbols.

  Emoji: Tap the key with the smiley face and you can punctuate your words by adding smiley faces and other emojis.

 Delete: Tapping this key (otherwise known as the backspace key) erases the character immediately to the left of the cursor.

 Return: This key moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line. You might find this key labeled Go or Search, depending on the app you’re using.

  Dictation: Tap the key with the microphone icon and start talking. The iPad listens to what you have to say. You can use this dictation feature in many of the instances in which you can summon the keyboard, including the built-in Notes and Mail apps, as well as many third-party apps. See Chapter 14 for more on dictation. When you’re done, tap the key again to tell your iPad to stop listening. When you use dictation, some of the things you say are recorded and sent to Apple, which converts your words into text. Just make sure to proofread what you’ve said because the process isn’t foolproof. Apple also collects other information, including your first name and nickname, the names and nicknames of folks in your contacts list, song names in Music, and more. Apple says it anonymizes this information, which helps the Dictation feature perform its duties. If any of this freaks you out, however, tap Settings ⇒ General ⇒ Keyboard and slide the Enable Dictation switch to off. You can also restrict the use of dictation in Settings, as explained in Chapter 15.

On the top row of the keyboards that pop up in certain apps — Mail and Notes, for instance — tap Aa to find B, I, U, and S formatting keys. These permit you to bold, italicize, underline, or strikethrough selected text, respectively. Other formatting options, depending on the app you're using, might include paragraph alignment, ordered and unordered lists, font colors, and more.

To the left of the three alternative word suggestions on various keyboards, you’ll see icons for undoing or redoing your last steps, plus a third icon that pastes the last selected word or passage that you copied or cut. These icons are visible in the top image in Figure 2-7. You might see different icons depending on the app you're using.

What you see also varies by what you do. For example, after you select text in the Mail app, a scissors icon appears on the top row of the virtual keyboard (see the bottom image in Figure 2-7); when you tap the icon, it cuts the selected text.