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Acknowledgements

Creating this book could not be possible through the effort of only one person. I have attended various conferences throughout my career, including: AFE, AFCOM, BOMI, Data Center Dynamics, IFMA, 7/24 Exchange, etc. and harvested insight offered by many Mission Critical professionals from all walks of the industry. I am grateful for the professional relationships that were built at these conferences, seminars, and courses that I have taught and contributed to. This allowed the sharing of knowledge, know‐how, information, and experiences upon which this book is based. I am appreciative to IEEE/Wiley for taking on this project almost 20 years ago. The format that initially began as material for their first online educational course transcended into an entire manuscript passionately.

Professionals in the Mission Critical field have witnessed the evolution from a fledgling 40 hour a week operation, into the 24/7 environment that our digital society demands today. The people responsible for the growth and maintenance of the industry have amassed an invaluable cache of knowledge and experience along the way. Compiling this information into a book provides a way for those new to this industry to tap into the years of experience that have emerged since the industry's humble beginnings decades ago.

This book's intended audience includes every business that understands the consequences of downtime and seeks to improve its own operational efficiency, business resiliency, and safety. Reviewed by members of senior management, technicians, vendors, manufacturers, and contractors alike, this book gives a comprehensive, 360‐degrees perspective on the Mission Critical Industry as it stands today. Its importance lies in its use as a foundation toward a seamless transition to the next stages of education and training for the mission critical industry as it as least doubles in size and loses half its workforce during 7–10 years.

I am thankful to the people and organizations for their help, support, and contributions that have enabled this information to be shared with the next generation of mission critical engineers and business continuity professionals. The goal of this book is to provide the best tools and technology to succeed and keep society safe and secure when the unexpected occurs. This only happens with the proper training in which the outcome is situational awareness and confidence when a critical event unfolds.

I am grateful to my wife Belinda‐Leigh for her unwavering support and dedication to my passion and purpose, which is to keep our digital society “Always On” and all people around the globe safe and secure. She has been at my side during the most important and transitionary period of my life, allowing me to intensely focus on Engineering, Technology, Analytics, Research, and Education.

Chapter Contributors

 Don Beaty, P.E, DLB Associates (Chapter 11 – Data Center Cooling Systems)

 Charles Berry, PMC Group One, LLC (Chapter 10 – UPS Systems & Chapter 12 – Data Center Cooling Efficiency)

 Tom Bronack, CBCP (Appendix A – Policies and Regulations)

 Dan Catalfu, Tate Access Floors (Chapter 13 – Raised Access Floors)

 Howard L. Chesneau, Fuel Quality Services, Inc. (Chapter 6 – Fuel Systems and Design)

 George E. Ello, Long Island Power Authority (Chapter 2—Energy Security)

 Edward English III, Fuel Quality Services, Inc. (Chapter 6 — Fuel Systems and Design)

 Brian K. Fabel, P.E., ORR Protection Systems (Chapter 14 – Fire Protection)

 James P. Fulton, PhD., Suffolk Community College (Appendix C – Airflow Management)

 John Golde, P.E., Golde Engineering, PC (Chapter 3 – Mission Critical Electrical System Maintenance and Safety)

 Walter Phelps, Degree Controls, Inc. (Chapter 12 – Data Center Cooling Efficiency)

 Dean Richards, Mitsubishi Electric Power Products (Chapter 10 – UPS Systems)

 Ron Ritorto, P.E., Mission Critical Fuel Systems (Chapter 6 – Fuel Systems and Design)

Technical Reviewers and Editors

 Scott Alwine, Tate Access Floors, Inc. (Chapter 13 – Raised Access Floors)

 Bill Campbell, Emerson Network Power (Chapter 10 – UPS Systems)

 Greg Caronia, (Appendix A – Policies and Regulations)

 Steve Carter, Orr Corporation (Chapter 14 – Fire Protection)

 Thomas Corona, Jones Lang LaSalle (Chapter 4 – Mission Critical Electrical System Maintenance and Safety & Chapter 12 – Data Center Cooling Efficiency)

 Peter Davie, P.E., PSEG (Chapter 2 – Energy and Cyber Security and its Effect on Business Resiliency & Chapter 4 – Maintenance and Safety)

 John C. Day, PDI Corp. (Chapter 8 – Static Transfer Switches)

 John DeAngelo, Power Service Concepts, Inc. (Chapter 10 – UPS Systems)

 John Diamond, DAS Associates (Chapter 5 – Standby Generators & Chapter 10 – An Overview of UPS Systems)

 Doug Dethmers, East Penn Manufacturing Company (Chapter 10 – UPS Systems)

 George E. Ello, Long Island Power Authority (Chapter 2 – Energy and Cyber Security and its Effect on Business Resiliency & Chapter 4 – Maintenance and Safety)

 Aisha Farooque, PMC Group One, LLC (Chapter 15 – Managing Through Pandemics)

 Michael Fluegeman, P.E., PlanNet Consulting (Chapter 7 – Power Transfer Switch Technology & Chapter 10 – UPS Systems)

 Steve Guzzardo, HP (Chapter 1 – Reliability and Resiliency)

 Richard Greco, P.E., California Data Center Design Group (Chapter 3 – Mission Critical Engineering)

 Patrick Herrley (Chapter 5 – Standby Generators)

 Ross M. Ignall, Dranetz (Chapter 9 – Fundamentals of Power Quality)

 David Krenzer, Victaulic (Chapter 14 – Fire Protection in Mission Critical Infrastructures)

 Ellen Leinfuss, Dranetz‐BMI (Chapter 9 – Fundamentals of Power Quality)

 Teresa Lindsey, BITS – Chapter Questions

 Wai‐Lin Litzke, Brookhaven National Labs (Appendix A – Policies and Regulations)

 Michael Mallia, AFCO Systems (Appendix C – Air Flow Management)

 Kevin McCarthy, EDG2 Inc. (Chapter 10 – UPS Systems)

 Joseph McPartland III, American Power Conversion (Chapter 10 ‐ UPS Systems)

 John Mezic, PMC Group One, LLC (Chapter 3 – Mission Critical Engineering, Chapter 10 – UPS Systems, Appendix B – Mission Critical Questions & Appendix C – Airflow Management – A Systems Approach)

 Stefan Miesbach, SIEMENS (Chapter 2 – Energy and Cyber Security and its Effect on Business Resiliency)

 Mark Mills – Digital Power Group

 Samuel Morales Garcia, PMC Group One, LLC (Chapter 1 – Reliability and Resiliency)

 David P. Mulholland, PDI (Chapter 8 – Static Transfer Switches)

 Gary Olsen, P.E., Cummins (Chapter 5 – Standby Generators)

 Ted Pappas, Keyspan Engineering ( Chapter 3 – Mission Critical Engineering)

 Anthony Pinkey, Layer Zero Power Systems, Inc. (Chapter 8 – Static Transfer Switches)

 Anthony Pinkey, Mitsubishi Power (Chapter 10 – UPS Systems)

 Walter Poggi, Retlif Testing Laboratories (Chapter 2 – Energy and Cyber Security and its Effect on Business Resiliency)

 Martin Robinson, IRISS (Chapter 4 – Mission Critical Electrical Systems Maintenance and Safety)

 Richard Rotanz, Applied Science Foundation for Homeland Security (Appendix A – Policies and Regulations)

 Dan Sabino, PMC Group One, LLC, (Chapter 7 – Power Transfer Switch Technology)

 Douglas H. Sandberg, GHI Group (Chapter 7 – Power Transfer Switch Technology)

 Ron Shapiro, P.E., Cosentini Mission Critical (Chapter 4 – Mission Critical Electrical Systems Maintenance and Safety)

 Terri Sinski, Strategic Planning Partners (Appendix A – Policies and Regulations)

 Robert Sullivan (Chapter 11 – Data Center Cooling Systems)

 David Taylor, Victaulic (Chapter 14 – Fire Protection in Mission Critical Infrastructures)

 Kenneth Uhlman, P.E., Eaton/Cutler Hammer– Technical Discussions

 Steve Vechy, Enersys (Chapter 10 – UPS Systems)

Thank you, Dr. Robert Amundsen, Director of the Energy Management Graduate Program at New York Institute of Technology, who gave me my first teaching opportunity in 1994. It has allowed me to continually develop professionally, learn, and pollinate many groups with the information presented in this book.

I'd like to thank two early pioneers of this industry for defining what Mission Critical really means to me and the industry. I am appreciative for the knowledge they have imparted to me. Borio Gatto for sharing his engineering wisdom, guidance and advice with me and Peter Gross, P.E. for his special message in his contribution all the book Foreword’s and well as expanding my views of the Mission Critical world.

I'd also like to recognize Joseph F. McPartland for his body of work with regards to educating industry professionals on the National Electrical Code.

Thank you to my good friends and colleagues for their continued support, technical dialogue, feedback, advice, etc.; over the years: Vecas Gray, P.E., Herb Tracy, Ron Schindel, Steve Davies, Mark Keller, Esq., Abramson & Keller, Joseph Cappiello, PMC Group One, LLC.

I'd like to thank my TAB board of directors and investors for their advice and guidance during the time I was building the framework for all the new technologies.

I would like to express gratitude to all the contributors, students, mentors, interns and organizations that I have been working with and learning from over the years for their assistance, guidance, advice, research, and organization of the information presented in this book: John Altherr, P.E., Nada Anid, PhD, Elijan “Al” Avdic, Tala Awad, Anna Benson, Charles Berry, William Callan, Harry Cannon, Nancy Camacho, Joseph Cappiello, Ralph Ciardulli, P.E., Charles Cottitta, Guy Davi, Kenneth Davis, Brad Dennis, Stephen Worn, David Dunatov, Andres Fortino, PhD, Ralph Gunther, P.E., Kevin Heslin, Patrick Hoehn, Lois Hutchinson, Al Law, John Nadon, P.E., John Mezic, P.E. John Montana, Jay O'Neill, Rey Parma, Shawn Paul, Arnold Peterson, P.E., Victoria Pierre‐Louis, Richard Realmuto, P.E, Michael Recher, P.E., Adam Redler, Edward Rosavitch, P.E, Christie Rotanz, Mike Sciroppo, Brad Weingast, Jack Willis, P.E, Anthony Wilson, Thomas Weingarten, P.E., Stephen Worn, Paul Yetman, and my special friends at 7x24 Exchange, AFE Region 4, Data Center Dynamics and Long Island Forum for Technology (www.lift.org), and Mission Critical Magazine.

Dedicated to and Brian K. Fabel, Al Baker, Bill Mann, Kenneth Morrelly, Terri Sinski, and Vecas Gray; six inspirational people who contributed vastly to the Mission Critical and Homeland Security Industries and enriched all of our lives. You will be missed.

Lastly, my deepest apologies for anyone I have forgotten.