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List of Illustrations

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Hidden Costs of Operations Figure 1.2 Typical screenshot of SmartWALK™ dashboard Figure 1.3 SmartWALK™ mobile screenshot Figure 1.4 Screenshot of SmartTEAM® Learning Management System
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 US Primary Energy Sources.Figure 2.2 Number of Breaches and records exposed from 2005 to 2019 Figure 2.3 Fuel Sources for Electricity Generation in the U.S. in 2018 Figure 2.4 Potential Causes of Load Interruption or Downtime Figure 2.5 The Tiers of the Electric Grid from Generation to Chip. Derived f...Figure 2.6 Solar Flare.Figure 2.7 EMP Waveform – MIL‐STD‐461G Test Method RS105 Figure 2.8 RS105 Transient Generator and Transmission Line Figure 2.9 Damped Sinusoidal Transient – MIL‐STD‐461G Test Method CS1116 Figure 2.10 SmartWALK™ mobile device Figure 2.11 The Smart Grid Network and its features.
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 “Seven steps” is a continuous cycle of evaluation, implementation...Figure 3.2 Sample SCS Screenshot Figure 3.3 Sample TCC Curve Analysis Figure 3.4 Traditional AC Distribution Figure 3.5 DC Distribution Figure 3.6 Electronic Ballast Figure 3.7 Absorption Chiller Figure 3.8 Typical Fuel Cell Figure 3.9 Microturbine CCHP System Figure 3.10 DC Monitoring Equipment Figure 3.11 SmartTEAM™ mobile screenshot Figure 3.12 Open rear door of containerized Data Center
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Theory of Predictive MaintenanceFigure 4.2 Hazard Risk Category (HRC) Arc Rating (Reference of Chicago Prote...Figure 4.3 Arc Flash BoundariesFigure 4.4 A small thermographic camera and a typical installationFigure 4.5 Sample IR scanning tracking
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 GeneratorFigure 5.2 Load Bank TestingFigure 5.3 Generator Control Cabinet
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Basic installation practices for all tanks, whether aboveground o...Figure 6.2 Typical fuel storage and distribution system flow diagram.Figure 6.3 Poorly arranged system.Figure 6.4 System using the same components as in Figure 6.3 but arranging t...Figure 6.5 System using individual components to prevent a single point of f...Figure 6.6 System that further increases reliability by adding redundancy fo...
7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Break Before Make ATSFigure 7.2 Basic ATS EnclosureFigure 7.3 Break Before Make ATS with Isolation BypassFigure 7.4 ATS Enclosure Equipped with Isolation BypassFigure 7.5 Closed Transition ATSFigure 7.6 Closed Transition ATS with Isolation BypassFigure 7.7 Closed Transition ATS EnclosureFigure 7.8 Delayed Transition ATSFigure 7.9 Delayed Transition ATS with Isolation BypassFigure 7.10 Delayed Transition Transfer Switch EnclosureFigure 7.11 Soft Load Power Transfer Switch
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Typical Static Switch One Line
9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Cost of downtimeFigure 9.2 Power Factor Beer Mug AnalogyFigure 9.3 Power Factor WaveformsFigure 9.4 Typical electric systemFigure 9.5 This undistorted sine wave is also known as the fundamental wavef...Figure 9.6 Three‐phase power is produced from the rotating windings of a gen...Figure 9.7 Types and relative frequency of power quality disturbances.Figure 9.8 Example part of an IEC 61000‐4‐30 Class A Edition 3 compliance ce...Figure 9.9 Transients shown in waveformFigure 9.10 Waveforms of RMS variationsFigure 9.11 Motor‐start waveform signature.Figure 9.12 Voltage swell timeline.Figure 9.13 Unbalance timelineFigure 9.14 Notching waveformFigure 9.15 The fundamental and the 5^th harmonic.Figure 9.16 The harmonic spectrum indicating a problem.Figure 9.17 The additive effect of the triplen harmonics.Figure 9.18 Harmonic distortion waveform.Figure 9.19 Interruption timeline.Figure 9.20 CBEMA curveFigure 9.21 ITIC curveFigure 9.22 A portion of data obtained from the Distribution Power Quality M...Figure 9.23 Load problems – Power Quality Troubleshooting ChecklistFigure 9.24 Building distribution problems – Power Quality Troubleshooting C...Figure 9.25 Facility transformer and main service equipment problem – Power ...
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Double Conversion: In normal operationFigure 10.2 Double Conversion: On BatteryFigure 10.3 Double Conversion: Static BypassFigure 10.4 Double Conversion: Internal BypassFigure 10.5 Typical 3‐phase Rectifier Schematic utilizing SCRs as the power ...Figure 10.6 Conventional Delta Conversion Online UPSFigure 10.7 Conventional Two‐Level inverter topology and Variable Width Puls...Figure 10.8 Three‐Level inverter topology and Variable Width Pulse TrainFigure 10.9 Silicon Valence BandFigure 10.10 SiC 73% Reduction Power LossesFigure 10.11 SiC Heat Loss Energy SavingsFigure 10.12 Diesel UPSFigure 10.13 N UPS ConfigurationFigure 10.14 N+1 UPS ConfigurationFigure 10.15 Isolated Redundant UPS ConfigurationFigure 10.16 N+2 UPS ConfigurationFigure 10.17 2N UPS ConfigurationFigure 10.18 2n+1 ConfigurationFigure 10.19 Distributed Redundant UPS ConfigurationFigure 10.20 Typical Wet Cell BatteryFigure 10.21 Typical VRLA BatteryFigure 10.22 Flooded Cell Battery RoomFigure 10.23 Cutaway of a flywheelFigure 10.24 An integrated 300 kVA flywheel/UPS
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 2011 ASHRAE Environmental GuidelinesFigure 11.2 Heat transfer in a simple graphical format.Figure 11.3 CRAC Unit – Illustrating the Compressors in Place within the Uni...Figure 11.4 Illustration of CRAH unit with the Chilled Water ValveFigure 11.5 Heat transfer for air‐cooled heat rejection equipment.Figure 11.6 Heat transfer for a cooling tower.Figure 11.7 Generic chiller diagram.Figure 11.8 Air‐cooled chiller diagram.Figure 11.9 Typical packaged air‐cooled chiller.Figure 11.10 Illustration of the CRAC – DX refrigeration loopFigure 11.11 Water‐cooled chiller diagram.Figure 11.12 Typical water‐cooled chiller.Figure 11.13 Schematic overview of a generic cooling tower flow.Figure 11.14 Direct cooling towers on an elevated platform.Figure 11.15 Direct of open circuit cooling tower schematic flow diagram....Figure 11.16 Indirect cooling tower schematic flow diagram.Figure 11.17 (a) Typical Ice Storage System (b) Typical Chilled Water Storag...Figure 11.18 Schematic overview of a generic air‐cooled condenser.Figure 11.19 Side inlet and side outlet, air‐cooled condenser.Figure 11.20 Bottom inlet and top outlet, air‐cooled condenser.Figure 11.21 Typical self‐contained condensing unit.Figure 11.22 Air Side Economizer Alternatives Mild Temperature OperationFigure 11.23 Air Side Economizer Alternatives Cold Day OperationFigure 11.24 Air Side Economizer Alternatives Summer/Hot Day OperationFigure 11.25 Heat wheel for data center application.Figure 11.26 Simple overview of the heat exchanger process.Figure 11.27 Shell and tube heat exchanger.Figure 11.28 Exploded isometric showing plate and frame heat exchanger opera...Figure 11.29 Installed plate and frame heat exchangers.Figure 11.30 Typical Computer Room Air Conditioning Unit.Figure 11.31 CRAC unit located outside the electronic equipment room.Figure 11.32 Downflow CRAC unit airflow path.Figure 11.33 Upflow CRAC unit airflow path.Figure 11.34 Ducted Upflow CRAC unit airflow path.Figure 11.35 Typical Hot Aisle / Cold Aisle LayoutFigure 11.36 Return Air CeilingFigure 11.37 Sealing the Hot AisleFigure 11.38 Sealing the Cold AisleFigure 11.39 Chimney Cabinets with ducting to the dropped ceilingFigure 11.40 In Row Cooling Units and the Isolation Configuration AssemblyFigure 11.41 Rear Door Heat Exchanger
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Comparison of IT rack inlet temperatures for an inefficiently co...Figure 12.2 Typical CRAC cooling efficiency increase (normalized at 75°F/23....Figure 12.3 PUE calculationFigure 12.4 DCiE CalculationFigure 12.5 Air cooling of a data center equipment rack.Figure 12.6 Poor equipment layout causes mixing within the data center.Figure 12.7 CRAC cooling behavior for various heat loads.Figure 12.8 Example of a psychometric chartFigure 12.9 Active Airflow ManagementFigure 12.10 Under floor air mover designed for data center application.
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Typical raised floor.Figure 13.2 A design or working load is a single load applied on a small are...Figure 13.3 Rolling loads are applied by wheeled vehicles carrying loads acr...Figure 13.4 Uniform loads are applied uniformly over the entire surface of t...Figure 13.5 The ultimate load capacity of a floor panel is reached when it h...Figure 13.6 Impact loads occur when objects are accidentally dropped on the ...Figure 13.7 Typical bolted stringer understructure and cable tray.Figure 13.8 Tate Access Floor’s Perf 1000 with airflow chart.Figure 13.9 Tate Access Floor’s GrateAire^TM with an airflow chart.Figure 13.10 For areas where cables pass through to the plenum, grommets or ...Figure 13.11 Suction cup lifter.Figure 13.12 Perf panel lifter.Figure 13.13 Typical grounding method.Figure 13.14 Using a consolidation point.Figure 13.15 Additional support pedestal locations.Figure 13.16 Interior cutout procedure.Figure 13.17 Cutout protection.Figure 13.18 Tilted pedestal.Figure 13.19 Typical Energy Efficient Data Center Design.Figure 13.20 Slab floor data center, random rack orientation with up‐flow CR...Figure 13.21 Slab floor data center, Rack temperatures, and airflow at 6 fee...Figure 13.22 Raised‐floor data center, random rack orientation with downflow...Figure 13.23 Raised‐floor data center, Rack temperatures and airflow at 6 fe...Figure 13.24 Raised‐floor data center, Hot Aisle/ Cold Aisle with downflow C...Figure 13.25 Raised‐floor data center, Rack temperatures and airflow at 6 fe...Figure 13.26 Hot Aisle/Cold Aisle with ducted ceiling plenum.Figure 13.27 Hot Aisle/ Cold Aisle with ducted ceiling plenum. (6 feet).Figure 13.28 Hot Aisle/Cold Aisle with ducted ceiling plenum. Temperature an...Figure 13.29 Close coupled liquid cooling for four 11KW racksFigure 13.30 Close coupled liquid cooling airflow.Figure 13.31 Comparison of rack intake temperature and return air setpoints ...
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Conventional Fire Alarm Control Panel.Figure 14.2 Vortex Hybrid Fire Suppression System.Figure 14.3 Detector density increases (spacing is decreased) along with hig...Figure 14.4 High‐low layouts of smoke detectors include some detectors 3 ft ...Figure 14.5 Air‐sampling Smoke detection.Figure 14.6 Typical heat detectors.Figure 14.7 Typical flame detectors. (Left: Triple I.R., Right: UV/IR combin...Figure 14.8 Pre‐action/dry‐pipe, or double‐interlock systems are the best te...Figure 14.9 Galvanized pipe damaged by corrosion.Figure 14.10 Typical water mist system.Figure 14.11 Class I water mist system.Figure 14.12 Typical IG‐541 system.Figure 14.13 Typical HFC‐227ea system
15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 The UV Electromagnetic Spectrum.Figure 15.2 UV Disinfection in Hospitals.Figure 15.3 IR Scans.Figure 15.4 SmartWALK® RobotFigure 15.5 Temperature Monitoring RingFigure 15.6 SmartWALK™ Dashboard
16 1Figure 1 Business Continuity DisciplinesFigure 2 Laws and Regulations that must be adhered to includeFigure 3 Infrastructure Dashboard with Asset ManagementFigure 4 NIST Cyber Security FrameworkFigure 5 Production Development, Acceptance, Operations, Support, and Recove...Figure 6 ISO 27000 Information Security Management System GuidelinesFigure 7 NIPP Risk Management FrameworkFigure 8 Security Operations Center overviewFigure 9 Safeguarding data through encryptionFigure 10 Overview of Data Sensitivity and Vital Records ManagementFigure 11 Business Continuity Management disciplines and integrationFigure 12 Contingency Recovery PlanningFigure 13 Enterprise Resilience and Corporate CertificationFigure 14 Emergency Operations Center

Maintaining Mission Critical Systems in a 24/7 Environment

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