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AUSTRIA/HUNGARY & AUSTRIA

Austrian/Hungarian Military Conflicts, 1870-Present

In 1867 the Austro-Hungarian monarchy ruled this important and critical part of Europe. Germany and Austria-Hungary entered into an alliance called the Dual Alliance and later, in 1882 when Italy joined, the Triple Alliance. In the same year Serbia and Romania joined this group as well. Eventually this partnership between Germany and Austria-Hungary pitted them against England and France for control of Europe. With the advent of World War I and the defeat of the Dual Alliance, the Austrian-Hungarian rule came to an end. Between 1914 and 1918 Austria-Hungary had a total of 7,800,000 serving in its armed forces. By the end of the war 2,482,870 had been killed or wounded, about 1/3 of total military personnel. In 1918 German Austria became a republic. The small nation was beset by social, economic, and political unrest throughout the 1920s and in 1934 a totalitarian regime was established. Austria became part of the German Third Reich in 1938. After the end of World War II, Austria was restored to a republic and occupied by the allies until 1955 when it became a sovereign nation. Austria joined the European Union in 1995.

HANDGUNS

Model 1870

This revolver is built on a Lefaucheux-Francotte double action solid frame with fixed cylinder with mechanical rod ejection. It is chambered for the 11.3mm cartridge and fitted with a 7.3" round barrel. The non-fluted cylinder holds 6 rounds. The frame and barrel were iron, not steel. Checkered wooden grips with lanyard loop. Built by the Austrian firm of Leopold Gasser, and marked “L.GASSER, WIEN, PATENT, OTTAKRING.” Weight is about 53 oz., or 3.3 lbs., making it one of the heaviest military service revolvers of its time. When the Model 1878 was introduced and adopted by the Austro-Hungarian army, the Model 1870 was sold to the Balkan States and was sometimes referred to as the “Montenegrin” revolver.

Model 1870 • Courtesy J. B. Wood

Model 1870/74 Gasser Trooper’s Model

Similar to the above model but built with cast steel instead of iron. It was issued from 1874 to 1919. Built by the Austrian firm of Leopold Gasser. Weight is still about 53 oz.

Model 1878 Officer’s Model

Because the Model 1870 revolver was so heavy and large, Johann Gasser, Leopold’s younger brother, designed a smaller version chambered for the 9mm (9x26) cartridge. The barrel length was 4.8" and the overall length was reduced as well. The weight of this revolver was about 27 oz.

Model 1898 Rast & Gasser

This model was built on the Schmidt-Galand double action solid frame with 8-round cylinder with loading gate and mechanical ejection rod. Chambered for the 8mm cartridge and fitted with a 4.5" round barrel. The caliber was too light to be effective as a military sidearm. The firing pin was a spring-loaded frame-mounted plunger instead of the more common hammer mounted type. Checkered wooden grips with lanyard loop. In service from 1898 to 1938. Weight is about 33 oz.

Courtesy Geschichte und Technik der europaischen Militarrevolver,

Journal-Verlag Schwend GmbH with permission

Model 1898 • Paul Goodwin photo

STEYR

Osterreichische Waffenfabrik Gesellschaft GmbH,

Steyr (1869-1919)

Steyr-Werke AG (1919-1934)

Steyr-Daimler-Puch, Steyr (1934-1990)

Steyr-Mannlicher GmbH, Steyr (1990-)

Steyr Model 1893 Gas Seal Test Revolver

Chambered for the 8mm cartridge this 7-shot 5.5" barrel revolver was built by Steyr as a prototype for the Austrian army. Fewer than 100 were built. Several different variations. It is recommended that an expert be consulted prior to a sale.

Courtesy Geschichte und Technik der europaischen Militarrevolver,

Journal-Verlag Schwend GmbH with permission

Roth Steyr Model 1907

Based on the patents granted to Karel Krnka and Georg Roth, the 8mm Model 1907 had a rotating barrel locking system and was the first self-loading pistol adopted by the Austro-Hungarian army. It was also the first successful double action automatic pistol. Add 20 percent for early Steyr examples without a large pin visible on right side of frame, or for those made in Budapest instead of Steyr.

Courtesy Joseph Schroeder

Steyr Hahn Model 1911

The Steyr Hahn was originally introduced as a commercial pistol but was quickly adopted by the Austro-Hungarian, Chilean, and Romanian militaries. Magazine capacity is 8 rounds. Weight is about 30 oz. Commercial examples were marked “Osterreichische Waffenfabrik Steyr M1911 9m/m” on the slide, have a laterally adjustable rear sight, and are rare. Austrian militaries are marked simply “STEYR” and the date of manufacture, while those made for Chile and Romania bear their respective crests. Some of the Romanian or Chilean contract pistols have been imported to the U.S. recently. These were refinished and had the crests ground off.

During WWII the Germans rebarreled a number of Steyr Hahns to 9mm Parabellum for police use, adding “P.08” to the slide along with appropriate Waffenamt markings. The German army designation for this pistol was “Pistole Mod 12(o).”

Steyr Hahn Model 1911 with Chilean crest • Courtesy Orvel Reichert

Close-up of slide showing conversion number “08” for 9x19 caliber • Courtesy Orvel Reichert

FEG (Frommer) Stop Model 19

Introduced in 1912 and took a whole new approach compared to any of the pistols this company had produced to that point. It is still unconventional as it uses two recoil springs in a tube above the barrel and resembles an air pistol in this way. It is chambered for 7.65mm or 9mm short and has a 3.75" barrel. The detachable magazine holds 7 rounds, and the sights are fixed. This locked-breech action, semi-automatic pistol was a commercial success. It was used widely by the Austro-Hungarian military during WWI. It was manufactured between 1912 and 1920.

Courtesy James Rankin

Glock 17

Adopted by the Austrian military in 1983. This model is chambered for the 9mm Parabellum cartridge. It is a double action only semi-automatic that has a 4.49" barrel and a 17-shot detachable magazine. The empty weight of this pistol is 21.91 oz. This pistol is offered with either fixed or adjustable sights at the same retail price. The finish is black with black plastic grips. It is furnished in a plastic case with an extra magazine. This pistol was introduced in the U.S. in 1985 and is still currently produced.

NOTE: Add $70 if equipped with Meprolight night sights. Add $90 if equipped with Trijicon night sights. Add $30 if equipped with adjustable sights.

SUBMACHINE GUNS

Steyr-Solothurn MP 30

Introduced in 1930 and built at the Steyr plant under license from the Swiss firm, Solothurn. It was adopted by the Austrian police. Chambered for the 9x23 Steyr cartridge and fitted with a 7.8" jacketed barrel. It is fed by a 32-round magazine and has a rate of fire of about 500 rounds per minute. Wood buttstock with unusual upswept appearance. It is select fire. Weight is about 9.5 lbs. Produced from 1930 to 1935 with approximately 6,000 manufactured.

Steyr Model 1930 • Courtesy Thomas Nelson, from World’s Submachine Guns, Vol. I

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
15000	12500	10000

Pre-1986 reweld

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
8500	7500	N/A

Steyr-Solothurn S1-100 (MP 34(o))

This gun machine was designed in Germany, perfected in Switzerland, and built in Austria. Steyr-Solothurn was a shell company established to enable the German company Rheinmetall to evade the restrictions of the Versailles Treaty that prevented them from producing military small arms. The gun was used by the Austrian army as well as the German army. It is chambered for the 9x23 Steyr cartridge as well as others. The German army used them in 9mm Parabellum while Austrian troops used the gun chambered for the 9mm Mauser cartridge. The gun was also sold to Portugal where it was designated the Model 42. Barrel length is almost 7.8". Magazine capacity is 32 rounds. Rate of fire is about 500 rounds per minute. Fixed wooden butt and forearm. Weight is approximately 9.5 lbs. Produced from 1934 to 1939. On this gun, a magazine loading device is built into the magazine housing.

MP 34 • Paul Goodwin photo

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
15000	12500	10000

Pre-1986 reweld

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
8500	7500	N/A

Steyr Mpi69

Built in Austria, this submachine gun is chambered for the 9mm cartridge. It was adopted by the Austrian army in 1969. The gun features a 10" barrel and 25-or 32-round magazine. It has a rate of fire of 550 rounds per minute. It is marked “STEYR-DAIMLER-PUCH AG MADE IN AUSTRIA” on top of the receiver. The folding stock is metal. The gun weighs about 7 lbs. Production stopped in 1990.

Courtesy private NFA collection

Pre-1968 (Rare)

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
12500	10000	8500

RIFLES

MANNLICHER

Built by Steyr & Fegyvergyar

Model 1885

This was the first magazine rifle used by Austria-Hungary and the first straight-pull rifle used as a general issue shoulder arm. This model required that a clip be used to load the box magazine, loose cartridges could not be loaded. Like the U.S. M1 Garand, clips were ejected up from the receiver when empty. Chambered for the 11.15mmx58R black powder cartridge. Barrel length is 31" with two barrel bands. Box magazine held 5 clip loaded rounds. Weight was about 10 lbs. Only about 1500 of these rifles were built.

Model 1886

This rifle was produced in large numbers and adopted for general service use. This model is similar to the Model 1885 but unlike the M85, the clip of this rifle ejected out of the bottom of the magazine. Still chambered for the 11.15mmx58R black powder cartridge. Barrel length was 30". After 1888 most of these rifles were converted to 8x50R smokeless powder. Two barrel bands with pistol grip stock. This rifle was made at Steyr. Weight was slightly under 10 lbs. Price for M 1886 in 11.15mm.58R.

Bayonet for Steyr Model 1886 or 1888

Wood grips. Muzzle ring. 9.6" single edge blade with the cutting edge down. Steel scabbard. These are basically the same bayonet with the muzzle opening being larger for the M1886. Price range 125 – 75.

Model 1886 • Courtesy West Point Museum, Paul Goodwin photo

Bayonet for Steyr Model 1886 or Model 1888

Austrian infantryman with Model 1886 rifle with bayonet • Courtesy Paul S. Scarlata from Mannlicher Military Rifles, Andrew Mobray Publishers

Model 1888

This model is the same as the Model 1886 except chambered for the 8x50R black powder cartridge.

Model 1888/1890

This variation is the result of the change-over from black powder to smokeless. This model was chambered for the 8x50R smokeless powder cartridge with a stronger bolt locking wedge. Barrel length was 30". New sights were added to accommodate the new cartridge. These sights were graduated. This model was also made at Steyr. A number of these were sold to Bulgaria, Greece, and Chile. A number of these rifles were used during WWI and some were found in irregular units during WWII.

Model 1890 Carbine

This model represented a departure from previous models, not only in design, but incorporated a stronger action to better handle the 8x50R smokeless cartridge. On this model the bolt head contained the extractor. The result of this new design was that the trigger was behind the end of the bolt handle. Barrel length was 19.5" with a single barrel band and no handguard. There is no bayonet lug on this rifle. The box magazine capacity was 5 rounds of clip loaded ammunition. Weight is about 7 lbs.

Model 1888/1890 • Courtesy West Point Museum, Paul Goodwin photo

Austrian soldiers with Model 95 rifles • Courtesy Paul S. Scarlata from Mannlicher Military Rifles, Andrew Mobray Publishers

Model 1895 Infantry Rifle

Chambered for the 8x50R cartridge, this straight pull bolt action rifle was fitted with a 30" barrel with an integral clip loaded magazine and wooden handguard. This model has essentially the same action as the Model 1890 Carbine. Fitted with leaf sights. Weight is about 8 lbs. Produced from 1895 to about 1918 both at Steyr and Budapest. The rifle was marked with either of these two locations on top of the receiver ring along with “M95.”

This was the primary shoulder arm of the Austro-Hungarian army during WWI and was made in huge quantities. The rifle was also used by Bulgaria and Greece. Many of these models were used in Italy during WWII, as well as the Balkans during that same period of time.

NOTE: In the 1930s, both Austria and Hungary converted large numbers of these rifles to 8x56Rmm. Many of these rifles were converted to carbines at the same time. Converted rifles will have an “S” or “H” stamped over the chamber. Many of the Model 1895 rifles and carbines imported recently have been re-finished. There is not much difference in pricing in original or re-finished models. Use the very good column for the re-finished guns.

Model 1895M Infantry Rifle

Between the two world wars, many Model 95s were converted to 8x57mm short rifles and fitted with 24" barrels. These rifles used the standard Mauser stripper clip instead of the Mannlicher system. Receivers were marked “M95M” and “M95/24”. Yugoslavia was the main user of these rifles. Many experts consider these rifles unsafe to fire with full power 8x57mm ammunition.

Model 1895 Sharpshooter’s Rifle

Same configuration as the Infantry rifle except for the addition of double set triggers. Rare.

Model 1895 Sniper Rifle

Same as the Sharpshooter’s rifle but fitted with a telescope sight. Extremely rare. Deduct 50 percent if there is no scope.

Model 1895 Cavalry Carbine

Essentially the same as the Infantry rifle with a shorter barrel. Barrel length is 19.5". The sling swivels are located on the side on the stock and there is no bayonet lug or stacking hook. Weight is about 7 lbs. Produced until 1918.

Close-up of receiver ring of Model 1895 Steyr Rifle

Model 1895 Steyr Cavalry Carbine • Courtesy West Point Museum, Paul Goodwin photo

Bayonets for the Steyr 1895 Series

Model 1895 Short Rifle (Stuzen M95)

This model was designed for non-cavalry use as it was fitted with a bayonet lug and sling swivels on the underside of the rifle. It was also fitted with a stacking hook attached to the barrel band. When the bayonet is attached, a blade sight is integral with the bayonet barrel ring for sighting purposes. Weight is about 7.5 lbs.

Bayonets for Steyr 1895 Series

Wood grips. 9.8" blade, cutting edge is to the top. Muzzle ring. Carbine model has a front sight blade on top of barrel ring. Made with or without a hook quillon. Crosspiece has two rivets. Ricasso can be marked “OEWG” or “FGGY” with an Austrian eagle. Refinished examples have been imported with the reworked rifles. They have electropenciled numbers. Price range 100 – 40.

Ersatz Bayonets for Steyr 1895 Series

During WWI, Austria copied the German practice of making substitute bayonets for their 1895 rifles and carbines. The two shown are examples only. Other types exist. Metal handle. Muzzle ring. 10" single edge blade. Steel scabbard. Twisted handle with riveted muzzle ring. Blade length 9.75" Steel scabbard. Price range 175 – 75.

Ersatz bayonets for the Steyr 1895 Series

STEYR

Osterreichische Waffenfabrik Gesellschaft GmbH,

Steyr (1869-1919)

Steyr-Werke AG (1919-1934)

Steyr-Daimler-Puch, Steyr (1934-1990)

Steyr-Mannlicher GmbH, Steyr (1990-)

Werndl Model 1867 Infantry Rifle

This is a single shot rotary breech block action with external side hammer. It is full stocked with exposed muzzle and bayonet fitting. Chambered for the 11.15x58R Werndl cartridge. Barrel length is 33.6". Weight is about 9.75 lbs. About 600,000 Model 1867 rifles were built.

Werndl Model 1867 Carbine

Similar to the rifle above but with a 22.4" barrel. Chambered for the 11x36R Werndl cartridge. Weight is approximately 7 lbs. About 11,000 carbines were produced.

Werndl Model 1873 Infantry Rifle

This model is an improved version of the Model 1867 with central exposed hammer. Caliber is 11x41RM Werndl. Barrel length is 33.2". Weight is about 9.25 lbs. Total production was about 400,000.

Werndl Model 1873 Carbine

Similar to the M1873 rifle but with a 22.8" barrel. Chambered for the 11x36R Werndl cartridge. Weight is about 7 lbs. Total production for this model was about 100,000 carbines.

Werndl Model 1867/77 Rifles and Carbines

This model was the Model 1873 but redesigned for the 11x58R cartridge with a modified rear sight graduated from 200 to 2100 steps.

Bayonet for Werndl Rifles and Carbines

Checkered hard rubber grip. Muzzle ring with lock screw. Hook quillon. 18.6" single edge yatagan style blade. Sometimes marked “OEWG” with Austrian eagle along with various unit marks. Steel scabbard. Price range 250 – 125.

Model 95 Rifle (Model 31)

A number of Model 95 rifles and short rifles were modified to accept the 8x56Rmm cartridge after World War I. The letter “H” is stamped on the barrel or the receiver. This is a straight pull rifle with 19.6" barrel and a 5-round fixed magazine. Weight is approximately 7.5 lbs.

Model 1903

Built for Greece in 6.5x54mm.

NOTE: For Carbine version add a 50 percent premium.

Bayonet for Werndl Rifles and Carbines

Werndl Model 1867/77 Rifle • Private collection, Paul Goodwin photo

Model 1904

Similar to the Dutch Model 1895 but chambered for 8x57mm rimless cartridge. Many of these rifles were sold to China and about 11,000 were sold to the Irish Ulster Volunteer Force.

Courtesy Paul S. Scarlata from Mannlicher Military Rifles, Andrew Mobray Publishers

NOTE: For Irish Ulster marked versions add a 30 percent premium.

Model SSG-PI

This model features a black synthetic stock originally designed as a military sniper rifle. Fitted with a cocking indicator, single or double set trigger, 5-round rotary magazine or 10-round magazine. Receiver is milled to NATO specifications for Steyr ring mounts. Barrel length is 26". Rifle weighs about 9 lbs. Offered in 7.62 NATO.

NOTE: This model was originally called the SSG 69.

Steyr AUG (Armee Universal Gewehr)

Produced by Steyr-Mannlicher beginning in 1978, this rifle is chambered for the 5.56x45mm cartridge. It is a bullpup design with a number of different configurations. Barrel lengths are 13.6" in submachine gun configuration, 16.3" in carbine, 19.8" in rifle, and 24.2" in a heavy barrel sniper configuration. Magazine is 30 or 42 rounds. Carry handle is an optic sight of 1.5 power. Adopted by Austrian army and still in production. Weight is 7.7 lbs. in rifle configuration. Rate of fire is about 650 rounds per minute.

Pre-1986 full-auto conversions of semi-automatic version

Exc.	V.G.	Good
15000	12500	10000

Steyr AUG (Semi-automatic Version)

As above but in semi-automatic only. Two models, the first with green furniture and fitted with a 20" barrel. The second with black furniture and fitted with a 16" barrel.

MAUSER

M1914 Rifle

This rifle is identical to the Model 1912. Austrian rifles are fitted with large sling swivels in order to accommodate the Austrian sling. Some of these rifles are unit marked on the buttplate or buttplate tang.

MACHINE GUNS

Austrian Hungary also used the Maxim, having purchased some in 1889. These guns were designated the Model 89/1, then with modifications called the M89/04. Austrian Hungary used their own design, the Skoda M1893, but this gun was never considered successful.

Model 07/12 Schwarzlose

The gun was designed by Andreas Wilhelm Schwarzlose and built in Austria by Steyr. First model was the 1905 chambered for the standard military 8x50Rmm cartridge. Successor was the Model 1907/ 12 which was marked as the M07/12. The gun was built until 1918 in 8x50R. The Czechs built a version called the M7/24 chambered for the 7.92 cartridge. The Romanians converted Steyr M07/12s to 7.92 with lengthened water jackets. The gun was also manufactured by the Dutch, Swedish, and Hungarians. It was adopted by Austria-Hungary in 1905. It was also sold to the Dutch, Greeks, and Germans as well. It saw use in WWI. Barrel length was 24.4" and rate of fire was about 500 rounds per minute. Fed by a 250-round cloth belt. The gun was produced until 1918. Marked “MG SCHWARZLOSE M7/ 12” on the rear of the receiver. Weight is about 44 lbs. Italy used this gun, as part of World War I reparations, through World War II.

Steyr AUG • Courtesy private NFA collection

Aircraft versions with modified internals to increase the rate of fire were marked M7/12 (16/A) and M7/12 (16/R), and these have no jackets on the barrel. Note that the gun marked “MG SCHWARZLOSE M7/12,” which is correct, but the other side is marked “WAFFENFABRIK STEYR” with the date of manufacture underneath.

No factory Schwarzloses were built with ventilated shrouds. They were either fitted with water-jackets or had bare exposed barrels for aircraft use. No doubt there were field expedients of various sorts, but there is no evidence of any factory ventilated shrouds.

NOTE: The predecessor to this gun was the Model 1905. Its rate of fire was about 350 rounds per minute, and it was fitted with a smaller oil reservoir. An aircraft version of the Model 07/12 was the Model 07/16, which had a rate of fire of about 600 rounds per minute. Early versions were water-cooled, later versions were air-cooled. Last version had no jacket.

Pre-1968

Pre-1968
Exc.	V.G.	Fair
30000	27500	25000

Pre-1986 conversions (reweld)

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
22000	20000	18000

An unusual machine gun placement; a Schwarlose in a tree • Courtesy Paul S. Scarlata

Model 07/12 Schwarzlose • Private NFA collection, Paul Goodwin photo