Читать книгу Standard Catalog of Military Firearms - Phillip Peterson - Страница 26

FINLAND

Finnish Military Conflicts, 1870-Present

Finland was annexed by Russia in 1809 but was allowed considerable independence throughout the 19th century. Finnish nationalism began to grow during the latter part of the 19th century, and, by the early 20th century, Finland established its own parliament in 1906. Finnish independence was declared in 1917. Beginning in 1918, a civil war erupted in which the White Guard aided by German troops defeated the leftist Red Guard supported by the Soviet Union. As a result of this conflict a republic was established in 1919. In 1939 Soviet troops invaded Finland, and by 1940 Finnish forces were defeated, despite a heavy cost to the Soviet troops. Finland joined the German attack on the Soviet Union in 1941. Finland was again defeated by Soviet forces by 1944. Finland was then forced to expel the Germans which resulted in a massive loss of life and property to the Finnish people. A 1947 treaty between Finland and the Soviet Union ceded some Finnish territory to the Soviets, and in 1948 the Finns signed a mutual defense pact with the Soviets. During the postwar period, Finland attempted to stay neutral and preserve its independence. By 1990, with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the 1948 treaty was moot and in 1995 the Finns joined the European Union.

NOTE: The Finns established their own arms factory soon after independence. It was called Souojeluskuntain Ase-ja Konepaja Oy (SAKO). In 1926 the Finns constructed a state rifle factory called the Valtion Kivaaritehdas (VKT, later Valmet). Also in the 1920s another state arms plant was built called Tikkakoski (TIKKA).

HANDGUNS

NOTE: During the 1920s and 1930s the Finnish army relied primarily on the Model 1895 Russian Nagant revolver and the Spanish 7.65mm self-loading pistols, the Ruby (Model 19). During World War I the Finns were supplied with the Mauser M1896 Broomhandle in a late wartime commercial configuration. In the early 1920s the Finns adopted a commercial model of the DWM Luger, called by the Finns the Model 23. By the late 1920s the Finnish military decided to adopt and domesticly produce a 9mm self-loading pistol of their own. It was called the Lahti.

The Finns, more recently, have used the FN M1935 in 9mm and the French MAB PA-15 pistol in 9mm.

M35 Lahti

This 9x19mm semi-automatic pistol was adopted in 1935 and built at VKT. This pistol is a locked-breech semi-automatic that features a bolt accelerator that does much to make this a reliable firearm. This pistol is the same as the Swedish Model 40 Lahti, 4.7" barrel and 8-round magazine, except that it has a loaded chamber indicator on top of the pistol, a different assembled recoil spring, and the Finnish pistol’s grips are marked “VKT.” Finnish army markings on top of slide. This pistol was designed to function in extreme cold and has a reputation for reliability. About 5,700 wartime Lahti pistols were produced.

SUBMACHINE GUNS

The first Finnish submachine gun was developed by Aimo Lahti in 1922. This gun later became the Model 1926 with only about 200 built in 7.65mm caliber. A perfected design was later built called the Model 1931 Suomi. Since the end of World War II the Finns have used the Sten Mark II and Mark III guns.

Suomi Model 1931

First produced in Finland in 1931, this submachine gun is chambered for the 9mm cartridge. It was widely used by Scandinavian armies as well as several countries in South America. It features a 12.25" barrel with wooden stock and 71-round drum magazine. Box magazine capacity is 20 or 50 rounds. Rate of fire is 900 rounds per minute. Weight is about 10 lbs. Marked on the end cap and left side of the receiver. Production stopped in 1944. A total of about 80,000 were produced by TIKKA.

This gun was also made in Sweden where it was designated the Model 37-39. In Switzerland it was called the Model 43/ 44. In Denmark it was made by Madsen.

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
16000	14500	13000

Finnish M35 Lahti • Courtesy J.B. Wood

Model 1931 • Paul Goodwin photo

Suomi Model 1944

This Finnish gun is based on the Russian Model PPS-43, but the Model 1944 fires the 9mm cartridge. It is fitted with a 9.66" barrel and accepts a 36-round box magazine or 71-round drum magazine. Rate of fire is 650 rounds per minute. Weight is about 6.35 lbs. Production stopped in 1945. Marked on left side of receiver. TIKKA built about 10,000 of these guns.

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
16000	14500	13000

RIFLES

NOTE: Prior to 1917 Finland was part of Russia. All Finnish military rifles are built on Russian Model 1891 Mosin Nagant actions. There are a number of subvariations of Finnish Mosin Nagants that are beyond the scope of this book and may be of interest to the collector. A website that gives excellent information for all Mosin Nagant rifles in www.mosinnagant.net. For technical data and photos, see Terence Lapin’s, The Mosin-Nagant Rifle, and Doug Bowser’s Rifles of the White Death.

Model 1891 (Finnish Army Variation)

Basically a Russian Model 1891 but with a Finnish two-piece stock, sights calibrated to meters, trigger modified to two stage pull, and frequently with the addition of sling swivels. Large numbers of captured Russian Model 1891s were reconfigured this way as late as 1944. Many, but not all, have Finnish-made barrels with a length of 31.6".

Finnish irregulars with their Model 1891 rifles • Courtesy Paul S. Scarlata

Model 1891 Finnish Army rifle with close-up of barrel markings. From the top: “B” indicates Belgian made; “VKT” indicates state factory at Jyvaskyla; “D” indicates re-chambered for “D46&D166” ammunition • Courtesy Stoddard Martial collection, Paul Goodwin photo

Model 91 Dragoon and close-up of rear sight of Model 91 Dragoon • Private collection, Paul Goodwin photo

Model 1891 Dragoon (Finnish Army Variation)

Basically a Russian Model 1891 Dragoon rifle modified as above with a side mounted Mauser Kar 98-type sling. Barrel length is 28.8". About 19,000 of these rifles were produced. Rare.

Model 91/24 with SIG heavy stepped barrel for bayonet attachment.Close-up of barrel markings indicate armor’s notation that barrel has been shortened and re-chambered • Courtesy Stoddard Martial collection, Paul Goodwin photo

Model 91/24 Civil Guard Infantry Rifle

This model built by SAKO and consisted of new heavy Swiss or German barrels fitted to reworked Model 1891 Russian actions. Due to the larger diameter barrel, some barrels were turned down at the muzzle end so it would be the same diameter as the Russian barrel and accept the Russian bayonet. In other cases the larger barrel diameter was left and the bayonets modified instead. Chambered for 7.62x54R cartridge and fitted with 32" barrel. Box magazine capacity was 5 rounds. Weight is about 9.4 lbs.

Model 91/24 Civil Guard Carbine

As above but with 24" barrel. It is estimated that 650 of these carbines were produced. Very Rare.

Model 1927 Army Short Rifle

This rifle was made by Valmet, is a shorter version of the Model 1924, and fitted with a 27" barrel instead of 31". It has a full stock with bayonet lug with a ramp and leaf rear sight, graduated to 800 meters, and front sight guards for the blade front sight. Early stocks were modified from the Model 1891 stocks, and this made for a very weak forend, which was prone to breakage with the bayonet installed. The fore cap was a hinged, two-piece affair. Weight is about 9 lbs.

Model 1927 rifle with 1st style barrel band. This band was modified in 1937 • Courtesy Simeon Stoddard, Paul Goodwin photo

Model 1927 Short Rifle with close-up of receiver, notice reinforcing in forearm near muzzle, notice that this is the 2nd style front barrel band • Private collection, Paul Goodwin photo

Model 1927 Rifle with Modified Front Barrel Band (2nd style)

The front band on these rifles was reinforced with two extensions along the forend to help with the split stock problem on the first type Model 1927 rifles. Many were also fitted with new stocks that were larger in diameter at the front of the fore stock to add strength as well. These rifles have a higher survival rate because many early rifles were modified with this type of front barrel band.

Model 1927/91-30 Modified Rifle

During the Winter War with Russia, any rifle that could shoot was needed by the Finnish army. Many Model 1927 rifles were restocked with Model 91-30 stocks to make them useable.

Model 1927 Cavalry Carbine

Similar to the Model 1927 rifle but fitted with a 24" barrel and turned down bolt. Side mounted sling. Weight is approximately 8.75 lbs. About 2,500 were produced with serial numbers between 72,800 and 74,900. Very rare as most were converted to rifles. Some of these were imported into the U.S. in the 1960s and modified into inexpensive hunting rifles.

M27 Rifle on top and M27 Carbine at bottom • Courtesy Chuck Karwan

Model 1928 Civil Guard rifle close-up of “SY” stamping indicating High Command of the Civil Guard • Courtesy Simeon Stoddard, Paul Goodwin photo

Model 28/30 showing rear sight and receiver markings • Private collection, Paul Goodwin photo

M27 Carbine action • Courtesy Chuck Karwan

Model 91/30 rifle with close-up of barrel markings indicating Tikka manufacture • Courtesy Stoddard Martial collection, Paul Goodwin photo

Model 1928 Civil Guard Short Rifle

Similar to the Model 1927 except with minor differences such as a non-hinged front barrel band that was stronger and a fore stock enlarged in diameter to help prevent splitting. It weighs about 9.2 lbs. The letters “SY” are stamped on the receiver ring. Built by Sako.

Model 1928/30 Civil Guard Short Rifle

This is the same as the Model 1928 Short Rifle but with an improved magazine and different rear sight graduated to 2,000 meters. It weighs about 9.6 lbs. On the receiver is stamped with an “S” topped with three fir sprigs in a gear wheel. Built by SAKO.

Bayonet for Finnish M-27, 28, 28/30 Mosin Nagants

Wood grips. Muzzle ring. Straight quillon bent slightly forward. 11.8" single edge blade. Maker marked on ricasso “Fiskars” or “Hackman & Co.” Steel scabbard. These are very scarce in the U.S. and sometimes will sell for as much as the rifles they fit. Price range 300 – 125.

Bayonet for Finnish M-27, 28, 28/30 Mosin Nagants

Model 1939 with close-up of rear sight • Private collection, Paul Goodwin photo

Bayonet for Model 1939

Finnish Model 91/30

This was a Finnish-manufactured rifle produced by Tikka in 1943 and 1944. About 24,000 were built. Most of these rifles were not used in WWII but kept in storage until 1986 when sold as surplus. Barrel length is 28.7", caliber is 7.62x53R and sights are calibrated from 100 to 2,000 meters. Weight is about 8.75 lbs.

Bayonet for Finnish 91/30

This is a Russian-made 91/30 bayonet with the added “SA” property mark. See Russia chapter for bayonet information. Price range 100 – 50.

Model 1939 Short Rifle (Army and Civil Guard)

Similar to the Model 1928/30 but with larger diameter bore to accommodate a heavier bullet (201 grains). One-piece stock with pistol grip and new rear sight fitted to this model. Barrel length is 27" but lighter in weight than the Model 28/30. Weight is about 10 lbs. Produced by SAKO, TIKKA, and VKT. The rifle was produced until 1944 but a few examples were produced in 1945. Approximately 5,000 to 6,000 of these rifles had barrels made in Belgium. These are marked with a “B” on the barrel.

NOTE: Add a 25 percent premium for SAKO-built rifles. Rifles marked “Sk.Y” (Civil Guard) will command a 100 percent premium.

Bayonet for Model 1939

Wood handle. Muzzle ring. Crosspiece bent slightly forward. Marked “SKY” on one side of ricasso and “Veljekset Kulmala” on the other. 7.5" single edge blade. These have been reproduced recently and the example shown here is a reproduction. The reproductions run $70-40 retail. Original specimans do not have a blued blade. Price range 275 – 150.

Finnish army ownership marking on a Swedish Model 1896 • Courtesy Stoddard Martial collection, Paul Goodwin photo

Swedish Model 1896 Rifle

Used by the Finns without modifications, these rifles have “SA” Finnish army property markings on the receiver. Some of these rifles were lent to the Finnish government, some were sold to them.

Italian Model 1938 Carcanco 7.35mm

Marked with the “SA” property marking on the rear left side of the barrel. These are more common than the Italian issue M-38s without the SA marking.

FINNISH SNIPER RIFLES

In 1937 the Finns began to develop a sniper rifle built around the Mosin-Nagant rifle. Approximately 400 M39 sniper rifles were built with a 3X Physica telescope. These scopes were a prismatic box design for use, not only on rifles, but on machine guns and mortars as well. During World War II the Finns used the Model 39 rifle with German Ajacks scope. About 500 of these rifles were built, and were known as the Model 39/43. Finland also used Soviet scopes on its rifles with Ajacks mounts. These Soviet scopes were designated the PE and PEM. The only difference was that the PEM scope has no focusing ring on the eyepiece.

NOTE: There are no known examples of Finnish sniper rifles in the U.S.

TRG-21

The receiver is similar to the TRG-S, but the polyurethane stock features a unique design. The trigger is adjustable for length and two-stage pull and also for horizontal or vertical pitch. This model also has several options that would affect the price: muzzle brake, one-piece scope mount, bipod, quick detachable sling swivels, and military nylon sling. The rifle is offered in 7.62 NATO only. It is fitted with a 25.75" barrel and weighs 10.5 lbs.

TRG-22

This model is similar to the TRG-21 but meets Finnish military requirements. Introduced in 2000.

TRG-41

Exactly the same as the TRG-21 except chambered for the .338 Lapua Magnum cartridge.

TRG-42

This model is similar to the TRG-41 but meets Finnish military requirements. Introduced in 2000.

Valmet M62

Based on the third model AK-47 but with internal differences built by Valmet. SAKO also built many of these rifles. Machined receiver. Perforated plastic forend and handguard. Tube butt. Barrel length is 16.5". Magazine is 30 rounds. Rate of fire is about 650 rounds per minute. Weight is about 9 lbs. Production in Finland began in 1965. Rifles produced from 1965 to 1969 were designated “M 62 PT.” PT stands for day sight. In 1969 Model 62s were produced with folding night sights. Beginning in 1972 these night sights were fitted with tritium inserts.

Right and left side of M62 • Courtesy Blake Stevens, Kalashnikov, The Arms and the Man, Collector Grade Publications

NOTE: There are a number of different versions of this rifle: the M62-76–a Finnish AKM; the M62-76M plastic stock; M62-76P wood stock; M62-76T tubular steel folding stock.

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
N/A	N/A	N/A

Pre-1986 conversions of semi-automatic model

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
12000	9500	N/A

Valmet M62S

A semi-automatic version of the M62 imported for sale in the U.S. by Interarms. Offered in both 7.62x39mm and 5.56x45mm.

Valmet M71

A different version of the M62 with solid plastic butt and rear sight in front of chamber. Sheet metal receiver. Chambered for the 7.62x39mm and the 5.56x45mm cartridges. Weight reduced to 8 lbs.

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
N/A	N/A	N/A

Pre-1986 conversions of semi-automatic version

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
12000	9500	N/A

Valmet M71S

A semi-automatic version of the M71 imported for sale in the U.S. by Interarms.

Model 71S • Courtesy Blake Stevens, Kalashnikov: Arms and the Man, Ezell

Valmet M76

This model has a number of fixed or folding stock options. It is fitted with a 16.3" barrel and has a magazine capacity of 15, 20, or 30 rounds. Its rate of fire is 700 rounds per minute. It is chambered for the 7.62x39mm Soviet cartridge or the 5.56x45mm cartridge. Weight is approximately 8 lbs. Marked “VALMET JYVAKYLA m78” on the right side of the receiver. Produced from 1978 to 1986.

There are a total of 10 variants of this model.

Model 76 (stamped receiver) • Courtesy Blake Stevens, Kalashnikov: Arms and the Man, Ezell

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
N/A	N/A	N/A

Pre-1986 conversions of semi-automatic version

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
12000	9000	N/A

NOTE: For rifles in 7.62x39mm caliber add a 20 percent premium. For rifles chambered for .308 caliber deduct $2,500.

Model 78 (Semi-automatic)

As above, in 7.62x51mm, 7.62x39mm, or .223 with a 24.5" heavy barrel, wood stock, and integral bipod. Semi-automatic-only version.

Valmet Model 78 • Courtesy Chuck Karwan

MACHINE GUNS

During the early years the Finns used the Maxim Model 09, Maxim Model 21, and the Maxim Model 09-32, all chambered for the 7.62mm cartridge.

Lahti Saloranta Model 26

Designed and built as a light machine gun this model was chambered for the 7.62mm rimmed cartridge. Fitted with a 20-round box magazine or a 75-round drum magazine. The rate of fire was about 500 rounds per minute. Weight is approximately 23 lbs. This gun was also chambered for the 7.92mm cartridge for sale to the Chinese prior to WWII.

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
Too Rare To Price

Valmet M62 (AK)

First introduced in 1962, this assault rifle is chambered for the 7.62x39mm cartridge. Fitted with a 16.5" barrel. Plastic forend with single strut butt. Thirty-round magazine. Rate of fire is about 650 rounds per minute. Weight is about 9 lbs.

Model 62 • Courtesy Blake Stevens, Kalashnikov: Arms and the Man, Ezell

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
N/A	N/A	N/A

Pre-1986 conversions of semi-automatic version

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
12000	9500	N/A

Valmet M78

This model is a heavy-barrel version of the Valmet M76. Barrel length is 18.75". It is offered in 7.62x39mm and 5.56x45mm calibers as well as few in 7.62 NATO. Marked “VALMET Jyvaskyla M78” on the right side of the receiver. Rate of fire is about 650 rounds per minute and magazine capacity is 15 or 30 rounds. Weight is about 10.3 lbs. Produced from 1978 to 1986.

Courtesy private NFA collection

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
N/A	N/A	N/A

Pre-1986 conversions of semi-automatic version

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
12500	9500	N/A

NOTE: For guns chambered for 7.62x39 add 20 percent.