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CANADA

Canadian Military Conflicts, 1870-Present

In 1867, under the British North America Act, the Dominion of Canada was created. In 1982 the British Parliament in London gave Canada’s constitution full self control. Because Canada has such close ties to Great Britain, much of Canada’s military history closely follows Great Britain, especially during both World Wars and Vietnam.

HANDGUNS

INGLIS, JOHN & COMPANY

Introduction by Clive M. Law

This firm manufactured Browning Pattern .35 semi-automatic pistols for the Canadian, Chinese, and British governments. Pistols are parkerized dark gray and include black plastic grips and a lanyard ring. Premium paid for pistols which still display the Canadian “Lend-Lease” decal on the front grip strap. Fewer than 160,000 pistols were manufactured between 1943 and 1945. Add $350 for original Canadian-produced wood stocks. Prices shown here are for original finish unaltered pistols, prices lower for recent Chinese and British imports.

Courtesy Richard M. Kumor Sr.

Mk. 1 No. 1 (Chinese Marked)

The first 4,000 pistols destined for the Chinese government included a six character Chinese marking on the slide, as well as a serial number which incorporated the letters “CH.” Includes a tangent rear sight and a stock slot.

Mk. 1 No. 1

Identical to the Chinese-marked model but without the Chinese characters.

Mk. 1 No. 1*

Externally identical to the No. 1 Mk. 1 but the slide includes the marking Mk. 1*. This mark may be factory applied, or applied in the field after conversion.

Inglis slides from top to bottom: Chinese pattern No. 1 Mk.1, Canadian forces No. 2 Mk.1, later Chinese-type No. 1 Mk. 1* • Courtesy Blake Stevens, The Browning High-Power, Stevens

No. 2 Mk. 1

The first 10,000 pistols made for Canada/Britain display the standard slide legend, fixed rear sight in the distinctive Inglis “hump,” and no stock slot. All No. 2 type pistols will incorporate the letter “T” within the serial number.

No. 2 Mk. 1*

Identical to the No. 2 Mk. 1 externally but the slide includes the marking Mk. 1*. This mark may be factory applied, or applied in the field after conversion. Some examples imported from England or New Zealand may include the “No. 2” stamped or engraved on the slide.

Paul Goodwin photo

No. 2 Mk. 1* Slotted

A small quantity of pistols, mostly in the 3Txxx range, were made up from Chinese frames and include the stock slot. Beware of fakes.

DP Pistols

Approximately 150 No. 1 type pistols, some with the Chinese inscription, were made up as display and presentation pistols. Serial numbers will range from approximately DP1 to DP150.

Inglis Diamond

In the last week of production, Inglis marked a small quantity of pistols with their trademark, the word Inglis within a diamond. Both the No. 1 and No. 2-style pistols were so marked. Some pistols remained in the white while others were parkerized. It is believed that fewer than 50 pistols were marked.

New Zealand Issue

Only 500 pistols were acquired by New Zealand in the 1960s. A small quantity was modified and marked by the NZ Special Air Service.

British Issue

A large quantity of pistols have been imported from the British Ministry of Defense over the past several years. These pistols often display a black “paint” finish and may be marked “FTR” (Factory Thorough Repair) or “AF” (meaning unknown).

Dutch Issue

The Netherlands used over 10,000 Inglis pistols. Early versions display a small crown over W mark on the rear sight while later models will have Dutch serial numbers, Belgian proofs, and Belgian barrels.

Belgian Issue

Belgium received 1,578 pistols as aid from Canada in the 1950s. These remained in use with the Gendarmerie until recently. Some pistols will display a gray “paint” finish and have numbered magazines. These have been wrongly identified as Danish navy in the past.

SAVAGE

Savage Model 1907

Canada purchased 500 Model 1907 pistols sometime during World War I. Chambered for 7.65mm. These pistols were later redirected to England but most will have the Canadian Broad Arrow stamped on the frame near the safety.

SUBMACHINE GUNS

Canadian Sten MK II

These are Canadian built Sten MK II guns built at Long Branch between February 1942 and September 1945. A total of 133,497 guns were produced in this interval. Canadian built Stens are marked “LONG BRANCH” on the magazine housing with the date of manufacture.

NOTE: Canadian Stens do not bring a premium over British-made Stens.

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
6500	5000	4000

Canadian Sten Mark II • Courtesy Robert G. Segel

Pre-1986 manufacture with U.S. manufactured receivers

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
3500	3000	2000

Sterling-Canadian C1

Chambered for the 9mm cartridge, this submachine gun features a 7.75" barrel and collapsible metal stock. The rate of fire is 550 rounds per minute. Weight is about 6 lbs. Produced from 1953 to 1988. Still made in India under license. Marked “SMG 9MM C1” on the magazine housing.

The Canadian version of the Sterling is much like the British except for a 30-round magazine without rollers as followers, a different type bayonet (FAL), and internal modifications. A 10-round magazine is also available. Designated the “C1” by the Canadian military. It was first produced in Canada in the late 1950s.

Courtesy private NFA collection

Pre-1968 (Very Rare)

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
15000	12500	9000

Pre-1986 manufacture with new receiver or re-weld

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
7500	6500	5500

RIFLES

PEABODY

Canadian Rifle Musket (1867)

Chambered for the .50-60 Peabody rimfire cartridge and fitted with a 36" barrel. Blued barrel with case hardened furniture. “CM” marked on right side of buttstock and “DWB” on left wrist. Canada purchased 3,000 of these rifles but a total of 5,000 were produced.

ROSS RIFLE CO.

Designed in 1896 by Sir Charles Ross, this straight pull rifle was manufactured in a variety of styles. Due to problems with the bolt design, it never proved popular and was discontinued in 1915.

Mark I

This rifle was adopted by the Canadian military in 1903. Barrel length is 28". Chambered for .303 caliber with a “Harris Controlled Platform Magazine” that can be depressed by an external lever to facilitate loading. Magazine capacity is 5 rounds. Marked “ROSS RIFLE COM. QUEBEC CANADA” on left side of receiver. About 5,000 of these rifles were built.

Courtesy Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming

Mark I Carbine

As above, with a 26" barrel without bayonet lug.

Mark II

Introduced in 1905 with a modified rear sight, longer handguard, no receiver bridge. Marked “ROSS RIFLE CO. QUEBEC CANADA 1905.”

NOTE: Some Ross Mk IIs were sold to the U.S. for training use during WWI. These will have a U.S. mark and ordnance bomb cartouche in the grip area behind the trigger guard. They do not seem to bring any more than unmarked examples.

Courtesy Paul S. Scarlata from

Mannlicher Military Rifles, Andrew Mobray Publishers

Mark III

Built between 1910 and 1916 with improved lockwork and stripper clip guides. Extended single column 5-round box magazine. Barrel length is 30". Marked “ROSS RIFLE CO.” over “CANADA” over “M10” on receiver ring. About 400,000 of these rifles were produced with about 67,000 sent to the British Army.

Mark III Ross rifle • Courtesy Paul S. Scarlata

Ross .22 single-shot rifle. Close-up of “broad arrow” on buttstock and receiver markings • Courtesy Stoddard Martial collection, Paul Goodwin photo

Canadian No. 4 Mk1 T “Long Branch” with original Lyman Alaskan scope set. Scope is mounted on a Griffin & Howe type base and mount. All numbers match on this rifle. Notice the broad arrow mark on the base of the top turret • Courtesy Michael Wamsher, Paul Goodwin photo

Canadian No. 4 Mk1 T “Long Branch” Sniper with original matching Canadian “R.E.L.” scope set (No. 32 Mk3). All numbers match on this rifle. Notice the broad arrow on the left side of the scope • Courtesy Michael Wamsher, Paul Goodwin photo

Bayonet for Ross Rifles

Courtesy Buffalo Bill Historical Center, Cody, Wyoming

Mark III*

As above, with a magazine cutoff.

Bayonet for Ross Rifles

Wood handle. Muzzle ring. 10" single edge blade. The blade tip was recut after 1915 to make a sharper point. Leather scabbard. Some will be seen with U.S. markings, but they usually do not alter the value. Price range 150 – 75.

Ross Military Match Rifle

A .280 Ross or .303 caliber straight pull military-style rifle with a 30" barrel having peep sights. Blued with a walnut stock. Similar in appearance to the Mark III except for flush magazine with .280 version.

Ross Military Training Rifle

Chambered for the .22 caliber cartridge, this straight pull rifle is single shot only.

LEE ENFIELD

Long Branch

Rifle No. 4 Mark I & Mark I*

Same as the English No.4 Mk 1 in .303 British. 10 round detachable magazine. Some have walnut stocks. Serial numbers should appear on the receiver, bolt and fore stock. Slight premium over the English-made rifles.

Rifle No. 4 Mark I (T) & Mark I* (T)

These are sniper versions of the No. 4 Mark I and the Mark I*. Fitted with scope mounts on the left side of the receiver and a wooden cheekpiece screwed to the buttstock. A No. 32 or a No. 67 (Canadian) telescope was issued with these rifles. A few, estimated to be about 100, were fitted with U.S. Lyman scopes. Many of these rifles were converted by Holland & Holland. About 25,000 rifles using various telescopes were converted.

Winchester Model 1894 Carbine • Courtesy Rock Island Auction Company

NOTE: Prices above are for rifles in original wood case and scope numbered to the rifle. Deduct 10 percent if scope mount does not match the rifle. For rifles without case deduct 10 percent. For a rifle without the scope and rings but with cheek piece and scope bases deduct 75 percent.

Model 1894 Carbine

This is the Canadian military version of the Winchester saddle ring carbine. Fitted with a 20" barrel and chambered for the .30-30 cartridge. Extra set of sling swivels added to left side of buttstock and forearm. Stamped with the Canadian “Broad Arrow” (an arrow inside the letter C).

FABRIQUE NATIONALE

C1/C1A1 (FN FAL)

Canada was one of the first countries to adopt the FN-FAL rifle. This is a semi-automatic version with 21" barrel. Twenty-round box magazine. The rear sight on the C1 is a revolving disk with five different sized openings. Ranges calibrated from 200 to 600 yards; numbered 2 to 6 on the sight. The sight may be folded when not in use. Weight is about 9.5 lbs. About 1959 the C1 was modified to use a 2-piece firing pin and a plastic carry handle replaced the wooden type. Both types of rifles utilize the long prong flash hider on the muzzle. The author could find no indication that any of these were ever legally imported to the U.S. as a semi automatic. It would have to be in the same class as the FN FAL “G” series as the receiver is capable of accepting select fire parts.

For C1/C1A1 registered as NFA firearms:

Pre-1986

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
18500	15000	10000

C2/C2A1

This is Canada’s version of the FN heavy barrel Squad Light Automatic Rifle. Select fire with a rate of fire of about 700 rounds per minute. Barrel length is 21". Magazine capacity is 30 rounds. Weight is approximately 15 lbs. Built by Long Branch Arsenal, Ontario.

Pre-1986

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
18500	15000	12500

C7/C8 (M16A2)

In 1985 the Canadian firm of Diemaco began producing a Canadian version of the Colt M16A2 rifle. There are differences between the Colt-built M16 and the Diemaco version. However, due to import restrictions on Class 3 weapons, no Diemaco M16s were imported into the U.S. for transferable civilian sale. Therefore, no Diemaco lowers are available to the civilian collector. There are Diemaco uppers in the U.S. that will fit on Colt lowers. The 20" rifle version is designated the C7 while the 16" carbine version is called the C8. There are a number of other Diemaco Canadian uppers that may be seen in the U.S., such as the LMG and 24" barreled versions. Values should be comparable with those of Colt uppers.

MACHINE GUNS

NOTE: Canada used the Lewis and Vickers machine guns during World War II. The Toronto firm of John Inglis produced Mark I and Mark II Bren guns in .303 caliber in large quantities for British and Canadian troops. Beginning in 1943 Canada produced almost 60 percent of the total Bren gun production for World War II. This amounted to about 186,000 guns produced during the war. Canada also uses the Browning Model 1919A4, called the C1 machine gun in 7.62mm (.308) as its primary light machine gun.

See Great Britain Machine Guns, Bren.

C1A1 • Courtesy West Point Museum, Paul Goodwin photo

Canadian Bren Mk I and Mk II

The first examples of the Canadian Bren were built in 1940 by the Inglis Company. A total of 186,000 Brens were built in Canada with 56,000 going to the Canadian army. Marked with the date and manufacturer (Inglis) on the right side of the receiver.

Inglis Bren Mk I • Courtesy Blake Stevens, The Bren Gun Saga, Dugelby

Pre-1968

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
45000	42500	40000

Pre-1986 mfg with reweld receiver

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
25000	22500	20000

Canadian Chinese Bren Mk II

Full production of Mk II Bren guns in 7.62x57mm began in January of 1944 and ended in 1945. These guns were produced under a Chinese contract. About 39,300 of these guns are marked with Chinese characters and Inglis with the date of manufacture. Some 3,700 guns were sent to resistance groups in Europe. These were not marked in Chinese, but marked with “ch” prefix serial numbers. A few of these guns were converted to .308 for Canadian use.

Pre-1968 (Very Rare)

Exc.	V.G.	Fair
45000	42500	40000