Читать книгу Carbon Dioxide Emission Management in Power Generation - Prof. Lars O. Nord - Страница 2

1  Cover

2  Preface

3  Acknowledgements

4  Nomenclature Latin Symbols Greek Symbols Abbreviations

5  Organisation and Use of Book

6  1 Introduction 1.1 Greenhouse Effect 1.2 Atmospheric CO₂ 1.3 Natural Accumulations and Emissions of CO₂ 1.4 Man-made Emissions of CO₂ 1.5 Climate Change 1.6 Fossil Fuel Resources 1.7 Definition and Rationale of CO₂ Capture and Storage (CCS) 1.8 Magnitude of CCS 1.9 Public Acceptance of CCS 1.10 Show-stoppers for CCS Deployment? 1.11 History of CCS Notes

7  2 Long-Term Storage of CO₂ 2.1 Storage Time and Volume 2.2 Underground Storage 2.3 Ocean Storage 2.4 Mineral Carbonation 2.5 Industrial Use – Products 2.6 Requirements for CO₂ Purity and Transportation 2.7 CO₂ Compression and Conditioning 2.8 Transportation Hazards of CO₂ 2.9 Monitoring of CO₂ Storage Note

8  3 Fuels 3.1 Coal 3.2 Liquid Fuels 3.3 Gaseous Fuels 3.4 Fuel Usage Note

9  4 CO₂ Generation, Usage, and Properties 4.1 Short on CO₂ 4.2 CO₂ Chemistry and Energy Conversion 4.3 Combustion 4.4 Analogy Between CO₂ Capture and Desulfurisation 4.5 Industrial Processes 4.6 How Do We Use CO₂? 4.7 CO₂ and Humans 4.8 Properties of CO₂ Notes

10  5 Power Plant Technologies 5.1 Coal-Fired Power Plants 5.2 Gas Turbine Power Plants 5.3 Combined Cycles 5.4 Heat Recovery Steam Generators 5.5 Steam Cycle Cooling Systems 5.6 Internal Combustion Engines 5.7 Flue Gas Cleaning Technologies in Power Plants Notes

11  6 Theory of Gas Separation 6.1 Gas Separation in CO₂ Capture 6.2 Theory of Compression and Expansion 6.3 Theory of Separation 6.4 Minimum Work Requirement for Separation – Examples Notes

12  7 Power Plant Efficiency Calculations 7.1 General Definition of Efficiency 7.2 Definition of the Term ‘Efficiency’ 7.3 Fuel Energy 7.4 Efficiency Calculations 7.5 Heat Rate Versus Efficiency 7.6 Additional Consumption of Fuel for CO₂ Capture 7.7 Relating Work Requirement for CO₂ Capture and Efficiency 7.8 Terms Related to CO₂ Accounting Notes

13  8 Classification of CO₂ Capture Methods 8.1 Following the CO₂ Path 8.2 Principles for Combining Power Plants and CO₂ Capture 8.3 Dilution of CO₂

14  9 CO₂ Capture by Gas Absorption 9.1 Theory of Absorption 9.2 Absorption Process 9.3 Solvents for Absorption 9.4 Solvent Contaminants 9.5 Solvent Loading 9.6 Energy Use in Absorption Processes Notes

15  10 CO₂ Capture by Other Gas Separation Methods 10.1 Membranes 10.2 Adsorption 10.3 Calcium Looping 10.4 Anti-sublimation 10.5 Distillation 10.6 CO₂ Hydrate Formation 10.7 Electrochemical Separation Processes Notes

16  11 Removing Carbon from the Fuel – Pre-combustion CO₂ Capture 11.1 Principle 11.2 Hydrogenator and Desulfuriser 11.3 Pre-reforming 11.4 Reformers 11.5 Gasification Theory and Principles 11.6 Gasifiers 11.7 Syngas Quenching 11.8 Syngas Coolers 11.9 COS Hydrolysis 11.10 Water—Gas Shift (WGS) 11.11 Integrated Pre-combustion Approaches Note

17  12 Pre-combustion CO₂ Capture in Power Cycles 12.1 Classification 12.2 IGCC with CO₂ Capture 12.3 IRCC – Integrated Reforming Combined Cycle Note

18  13 Post-combustion CO₂ Capture in Power Cycles 13.1 Classification 13.2 Power Plant with Absorption of CO₂ from the Flue Gas 13.3 Post-combustion Efficiency Penalty – Absorption 13.4 Steam Turbine Steam Extraction 13.5 Flue Gas Pressure Drop 13.6 Post-combustion CO₂ Capture at Atmospheric Pressure with Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR) 13.7 Post-combustion CO₂ Capture at Elevated Pressure

19  14 Oxy-combustion CO₂ Capture in Power Cycles 14.1 Classification 14.2 Air Separation for Production of Oxygen 14.3 Oxy-combustion with Coal 14.4 Oxy-combustion with Natural Gas

20  References

21  Glossary Terms Terms Used for Coal

22  Index

23  End User License Agreement