Читать книгу Carbon Dioxide Emission Management in Power Generation - Prof. Lars O. Nord - Страница 27

1 1 Absorption of electromagnetic radiation is the process by which the energy of a photon is taken up by an atom. The photon is destroyed in the process. The term ‘absorption’ is also used within chemical engineering as uptake of a gas in a liquid or solid material, as described in Section 9.1. The term is also used in a number of other areas.

2 2 Aerosol refers here to liquid droplets or solid particles in the atmosphere, such as sulfate aerosols from fossil fuel combustion or particles from volcano eruptions.

3 3 Peak oil is the point in time at which the maximum global oil production rate is reached, after which the rate of production starts to decline. Marion King Hubbert (1903–1989) first used the theory in 1956 to predict that US oil production would peak between 1965 and 1970. His model, the Hubbert peak theory, has since been used by some to predict the peak oil production globally.

4 4 Sequestration is mainly used in North America. The term has different meanings in English, French, and Spanish and is also for many people a difficult word to relate to. Most people within the scientific community, including IPCC, have adopted ‘capture and storage’ IPCC-CCS (2005 ). IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Cambridge, United Kingdom, and New York, NY, USA, Cambridge University Press.

5 5 Partial pressure relates to a specific gas in a gas mixture and the pressure that the gas would have if it alone occupied the volume (assuming ideal gas). According to Dalton's law, the sum of the partial pressure for the all the gases in a gas mixture equals the total pressure. Partial pressure equals the molar (or volumetric) fraction multiplied by the total pressure.