Читать книгу The Orthodontic Mini-implant Clinical Handbook - Richard Cousley - Страница 13

This gradual refinement of mini‐implant techniques has been accompanied by a substantial increase in the range of clinical applications for mini‐implants. The proportion of these uses will vary between orthodontists, depending on their individual caseloads, and even on financial and cultural influences. Overall, it's best to subdivide modern anchorage control according to each of the three dimensions and ‘other’ applications, with common examples for each category listed below.

Anchorage dimension
Anteroposterior	Incisor retraction and torqueMolar distalisationMolar advancement
Vertical	Single/multiple teeth intrusionTooth extrusion
Transverse	Centreline correctionsAltering occlusal planeRapid maxillary expansion (RME)
Other	Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) and tractionTemporary dental restorative abutment

Table 1.1 The clinical evolution of orthodontic mini‐implant anchorage is subdivided into three chronological stages, with a description of the main focus at each stage along with representative clinical examples and associated side‐effects

Stage of evolution	Clinical focus	Technique examples	Side‐effects
1	Reliable anchorage	Direct anchorage, from alveolar sites Indirect anchorage, especially palatal sites	Vertical effects of oblique traction, e.g. lateral openbites and uncontrolled incisor movements Hidden anchorage loss due to failings of connecting anchorage components
2	Minimised side‐effects	Traction powerarms Rigid transpalatal auxiliaries	Prevention of incisor extrusion/retroclination Prevention of molar buccal/palatal tipping movements during intrusion
3	Optimised target tooth movements (in addition to anchorage control)	Controlled 3D tooth movements during:incisor retractionmolar distalisationmolar intrusion	Bodily movement of target teeth, e.g.torque control during incisor retraction, bodily distalisation of molars, vertical molar intrusion movements